Uma. V Embassy Public School. Contents Introduction Need for renewable energy Sources of renewable...
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Transcript of Uma. V Embassy Public School. Contents Introduction Need for renewable energy Sources of renewable...
Contents• Introduction• Need for renewable energy• Sources of renewable energy• Advantages of renewable energy• Forms of renewable energy• Sun, our saviour
Introduction
• Energy is the capacity of a
physical system to do work• Can take a wide variety of forms.• Energy is required to:
– Power our cars– Produce plastics– Pesticides and fertilizers– Make medical devices
•The energy comes from fossil fuels – primarily coal, oil, and natural gas.
• All three were formed on Earth about 360 million years ago during the Carboniferous Period and long before the age of the dinosaurs
Non – Renewable energy
Need• Has caused more
environmental damage than any other human activity
• Resulted in many problems today such as ozone depletion and global warming
• To continue to grow as a nation and maintain our lifestyle, we need to find and harness new energy resources and find better ways of using them.
Sources• Many renewable energy
resources are driven ultimately by the sun and locally by the weather.
• Main sources of renewable energy include:– Wind energy– Wave (Tidal) energy– Hydro (Rain) energy– Solar energy
• Assessment of these renewable resources must consider their availability (i.e weather and climate)
Advantages• Cause less emissions and hence reduce
pollution
• Available locally
• Stand out as a viable source of clean and limitless energy
• Renewables can offer power during peak demand periods
• Respond rapidly to demand growth
• Reduce the risk of higher costs fueled by environmental regulations
This presentation covers the following sources of energy which are very important and relevant to today’s world.
• Water
Hydel Energy.
Ocean Energy
Wave energy
Tidal Energy
Thermal Energy
• Wind (Wind Energy)
• Earth
Geo-Thermal Energy
Biomass
• Sun (Solar Energy)
Renewable energy
Hydel Energy
• Water Hydel
Ocean
Tidal
Wave
Thermal Wind Earth Sun
Energy in the flowing water can be used to produce electricity
Advantages:• Fuel is cheap
• No transportation cost
• Environment friendly
• The increase in water level can promote recreational activities such as kayaking and fishing.
•The higher level of water gives a better habitat for fish to grow and live
Disadvantages• Silting up of rivers
• Breeding place for bacteria
•The increase of water level causes flooding of land. • Floods cause destruction of habitat and soil erosion on the watershed's wall. • A hydro dam can also be a potential time bomb for cities located downstream
Ocean Energy (Wave, Tidal, Ocean
Thermal)• Water
Hydel
Ocean
Tidal
Wave
Thermal• Wind
• Earth
• Sun
Ocean energy covers a series of emerging technologies that use the power of ocean currents, waves, and tides to create energy. While very few of these technologies have been implemented on a commercial scale, they show much promise for future development.
Tidal Energy
• Water Hydel
Ocean
Tidal
Wave
Thermal• Wind• Earth • Sun
Tidal power technologies include:
Barrage or dam
Tidal fence
Tidal turbine
Caused by gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and rotation of the earth
Advantages:• Once you've built it, tidal power is free
• Produces no greenhouse gases or other waste
• Needs no fuel
• Produces electricity reliably
• Not expensive to maintain
• Tides are totally predictable
Disadvantages
• Tidal power plants impedes sea life migration
• Silt build-ups
• Construction costs are high
Wave Energy
• Water Hydel
Ocean
Tidal
Wave
Thermal• Wind• Earth • Sun
Ocean waves are caused by the wind as it blows across the sea. Waves are a powerful source of energy.
Advantages:
• Not expensive to operate and maintain
• Can produce a great deal of energy
• The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste produced
Disadvantage:
• Depends on the waves, sometimes we’ll get loads of energy, sometimes nothing
• Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong
• Some designs are noisy
• Must be able to withstand very rough weather
Ocean Thermal Energy
• Water Hydel
Ocean
Tidal
Wave
Thermal• Wind• Earth • Sun
Ocean thermal energy conversion, or OTEC, is a way to generate electricity using the temperature difference of seawater at different depths
Advantages:• Produces baseload electrical energy
• Helps produce fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol
• Produces desalinated water for industrial, agricultural, and residential uses
• Is a resource for on-shore and near-shore mariculture operations
• Provides air-conditioning for buildings
Disadvantage:• Pollution can be caused if intermediate chemicals leak into the ocean • OTEC plants can alter and maybe damage the surrounding ecosystem • Other technical difficulties like degradation of heat exchanger performance by dissolved gases, improper sealing etc
Wind Energy
• Water Hydel
Ocean
• Wind
• Earth
• Sun
• Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air
• Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power
Advantages:
• Clean and non-polluting
• Cheap electricity
• Suitable for less sunny regions
• Simple technology
•The land beneath can usually still be used for farming
Disadvantage:
• Noisy
• Can kill birds
• The wind is not always predictable
• Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive
• Can affect television reception
Geothermal Energy
• Water Hydel
Ocean
• Wind
• Earth Geothermal Biomass
• Sun
Geothermal energy - heat from the earth - is an important energy source having environmental and economic advantages over fossil and nuclear energy sources
Advantages:
• Non-polluting and hence does not contribute to greenhouse effect
• Power stations does not take up much room
• No fuel needed
• Continuous, non-interruptible energy source
Disadvantage:
• Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam"
• Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of
• Not many places where we can build a geothermal power station. Hot rocks of suitable type is necessary, at a depth where we can drill down to them
Biomass
• Water Hydel
Ocean
• Wind
• Earth Geothermal Biomass
• Sun
Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities
It is derived from numerous sources, including the by-products from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and wood.
Advantages:
• Waste materials can be used
• Fuel is cheap
• Less demand on Earth’s resources
Disadvantage:
• Collecting waste in sufficient quantities can be difficult
• Burning of fuel causes greenhouse gases
• Expensive
3E Expectations
• Create new jobs in rural areas• Reduce cash outflow for energy• Increase capital investment in the state
Economy
• Reduce air pollutants• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions• Improves public health
Environment
• Reduces transportation problems• Hedge against natural gas and hydro power price
Energy
SUN Our Energy Challenge!!!
• Water Hydel
Ocean
• Wind
• Earth Geothermal Biomass
• Sun
165,000 TW of sunlight hit the earth every day
Get Set…….. Technology!
Solar energy required for approximately
1010 people in the next few decades
Energy needs to be much cheaper and more efficient
Currently solar conversion technologies have bottlenecks
We simply cannot do with current technology
WHY??
HOW??
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology
Conversion
Storage
Capture
Capture 100 nm-100 µm
Conversione-
h+
Storage
Conversion
Storage
Capture
• Nano material offer the ability to get good light absorption in flexible formats
• Interpenetrating networks on the nanoscale offer the opportunity to get high performance charge collection from low cost materials
• To obtain extremely high efficiency systems
• Goal is to collect energy from all of the wavelengths of sunlight, not their least common denominator
• Nano material offer novel processes that can allow this to be done
Sun, our saviour
• Nano offers the opportunity to tailor light capture, conversion, and storage, and interfaces with our increasing ability to span length and time scales both theoretically and experimentally
• Solar energy to be the best renewable source of energy