Ultraprivate Smartphones

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    Ultraprivate Smartphones

    New models built with security and privacy in mind reflect the Zeitgeist of the Snowdenera.

    Breakthrough

    Mobile phones for the consumer market that transmit minimal personal information.

    Why It Matters

    Governments and advertisers gather intimate details from cell phones.

    Key Players

    Blackphone

    CryptoPhone

    Open Whisper Systems

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    Agricultural Drones

    Relatively cheap drones with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities are givingfarmers new ways to increase yields and reduce crop damage.

    Breakthrough

    Easy-to-use agricultural drones equipped with cameras, for less than $1,000.

    Why It Matters

    Close monitoring of crops could improve water use and pest management.

    Key Players

    3D Robotics

    Yamaha PrecisionHawk

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    Brain Mapping

    A new map, a decade in the works, shows structures of the brain in far greater detailthan ever before, providing neuroscientists with a guide to its immense complexity.

    Breakthrough

    A high-resolution map that shows structures of the human brain as small as 20micrometers.

    Why It Matters

    As neuroscientists try to understand how the brain works, they need a detailed map ofits anatomy.

    Key Players

    Katrin Amunts, Jlich Research Centre

    Alan Evans, Montreal Neurological Institute

    Karl Deisseroth, Stanford University

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    Neuromorphic Chips

    Microprocessors configured more like brains than traditional chips could soon makecomputers far more astute about whats going on around them.

    Breakthrough

    An alternative design for computer chips that will enhance artificial intelligence.

    Why It Matters

    Traditional chips are reaching fundamental performance limits.

    Key Players

    Qualcomm

    IBM HRL Laboratories

    Human Brain Project

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    Genome Editing

    The ability to create primates with intentional mutations could provide powerful newways to study complex and genetically baffling brain disorders.

    Breakthrough

    The use of a genome-tool to create two monkeys with specific genetic mutations.

    Why It Matters

    The ability to modify targeted genes in primates is a valuable tool in the study of humandiseases.

    Key Players

    Yunnan Key Laboratory Jennifer Doudna, UC Berkeley Feng Zhang, MIT

    George Church, Harvard

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    Microscale 3-D Printing

    Inks made from different types of materials, precisely applied, are greatly expanding thekinds of things that can be printed.

    Breakthrough

    3-D printing that uses multiple materials to create objects such as biological tissue withblood vessels.

    Why It Matters

    Making biological materials with desired functions could lead to artificial organs andnovel cyborg parts.

    Key Players

    Jennifer Lewis, Harvard University

    Michael McAlpine, Princeton University

    Keith Martin, University of Cambridge

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    Mobile Collaboration

    The smartphone era is finally getting the productivity software it needs.

    Breakthrough

    Services that make it fruitful to create and edit documents on mobile devices.

    Why It Matters

    Much of todays office work is done outside an office.

    Key Players

    Quip

    Quickoffice

    Box

    Dropbox Microsoft Google

    CloudOn

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    Oculus Rift

    Thirty years after virtual-reality goggles and immersive virtual worlds made their debut,the technology finally seems poised for widespread use.

    Breakthrough

    High-quality virtual-reality hardware that is cheap enough for the consumer market.

    Why It Matters

    Visually immersive interfaces will lead to new forms of entertainment andcommunications.

    Key Players

    Oculus Vry Sony Vuzix

    Nvidia

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    Agile Robots

    Computer scientists have created machines that have the balance and agility to walkand run across rough and uneven terrain, making them far more useful in navigating

    human environments.

    Breakthrough

    Legged machines that stride over uneven or unsteady terrain.

    Why It Matters

    Much of the world is inaccessible to wheeled machines but not legged ones.

    Key Players

    Boston Dynamics Schaft Honda

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    Smart Wind and Solar Power

    Big data and artificial intelligence are producing ultra-accurate forecasts that will make itfeasible to integrate much more renewable energy into the grid.

    Breakthrough

    Ultra-accurate forecasting of wind and solar power.

    Why It Matters

    Dealing with the intermittency of renewable energy will be crucial for its expansion.

    Key Players

    Xcel Energy

    GE Power National Center for Atmospheric Research