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![Page 1: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
E-Book Usage on a Global Scale: Patterns, Trends, and
Opportunities
UKSGGlasgow
March 30-31, 2015
Michael Levine-ClarkUniversity of Denver
![Page 2: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What (we think) we know
• E-books are better/worse
– For some subjects than others
– For some types of use than others
• E-books don’t work for immersive reading
• E-books don’t work for the humanities
![Page 3: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tons of Data
The Project
• Worldwide usage data
– EBL 2013-2014
– ebrary 2013-2014
– All customers
– Aggregated by title
• Today:– EBL 2013
– ebrary 2014
![Page 4: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Shape of the Data
• Spreadsheets for the world and by region
• One title, with all associated data
– LC Class, Subclass, BISAC
– Publication Year
– Number of libraries with title available
– Number of libraries with usage
– Multiple measures of usage
![Page 5: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some Data Snags
• EBL and ebrary data are not yet merged
• Call numbers
– Missing
– Errors
• xQ102… (Q102)
• BBF1427… (BF)
• Not easy to retroactively build a list of titles visible to a library at a particular time
![Page 6: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Benchmarking
• What can we learn from worldwide usage data?
• Do trends across a huge data set matter?
• Is every institution so unique that only local data is meaningful?– Every institution has other resources competing
for each user’s time.
– e-books take up varying portions of an overall collection
![Page 7: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Usage Definitions
• Session– Any time that a user
interacts with an e-book
• Page View– A count of the number
of pages examined
• Download– A download of the entire
book (EBL and ebrary)
• Chapter Download (ebrary)
• Usage Time– Minutes (EBL) or
seconds (ebrary) spent looking at the book
• Copies– A count of pages
copied/pasted
• Prints– A count of the number
of pages printed
![Page 8: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Academic Complete
• Subscription package
• About 120,000 titles
• Same package at about 2,000 libraries worldwide
• BIG IMPACT on ebrary data
![Page 9: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Titles Available
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
![Page 10: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Titles Available Worldwide By LC Class
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
![Page 11: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Titles Available Worldwide By LC Class
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
![Page 12: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ONE TITLE, WORLDWIDE DATA
![Page 13: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Booth, Craft of Research
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Libraries with availability
Libraries with Usage
![Page 14: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Booth, Craft of Research
97%
17,089 Sessions
Academic
Public
Special
86%
Sessions by Region
Africa
Asia Pacific
AUS/NZ
Europe
Latin America
Middle East
North America
South Asia
UK/Ireland
![Page 15: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Booth, Craft of Research
• Additional Measures of Usage
– 368,879 page views
– 1,162 pages copied
– 62,009 pages printed
– 0 downloads
– 2,323 chapter downloads
– Used 17,453,759 seconds (4,848 hours)
![Page 16: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How do you make sense of that?
![Page 17: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Categories of Analysis
• LC Class and subclass
– Broad academic division (humanities, social sciences, STEM)
– Subject
• BISAC
• Publication date
• Region (Africa, Asia Pacific, etc.)
• Publisher or publisher type
![Page 18: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Academic Divisions
Arts & HumanitiesB (Philosophy, Religion)
excluding BF (Psychology)
C, D, E, F (History)
M (Music)
N (Fine Arts)
P (Language & Literature)
TR (Photography)
OtherA (General)
G (Geography, Anthropology, Recreation)
Z (Bibliography, LIS)
Social Sciences BF (Psychology)
H (Social Sciences)
J (Political Science)
K (Law)
L (Education)
U, V (Military, Naval Sciences)
STEMQ (Science)
R (Medicine)
S (Agriculture)
T (Technology) (excluding TR)
![Page 19: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Titles Available by Academic Division
194,420
185,558
184,053
78,854
STEM A&H Soc Sci Other
(12%)
(30%)
(29%)
(29%)
110,292
102,409
118,732
53,561
(14%)
(29%)
(27%)
(31%)
![Page 20: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Average Number of Libraries with Title Available
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
![Page 21: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Average Number of Libraries with Title Available – Academic Divisions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Arts & Humanities Social Sciences STEM Other
412.26
![Page 22: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Average Number of Libraries with Title Available – Academic Divisions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Arts & Humanities Social Sciences STEM Other
88.89
![Page 23: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Average Number of Libraries with Title Available - LC Class
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
412.26
![Page 24: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Average Number of Libraries with Title Available - LC Class
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
88.89
![Page 25: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LIKELIHOOD THAT A LIBRARY WILL SEE USAGE OF A TITLE
![Page 26: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Average Number of Libraries With:
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
A & H Soc Sci STEM Average
Session
View
Download
Copy
Libraries with title available
76.78 100.63 87.56
![Page 27: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Percentage of Libraries With:
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
A & H Soc Sci STEM Average
Session
View
Download
Copy
![Page 28: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Percentage of Libraries Using a Title
Region Average # of Libraries with Title
Average # of Libraries with Use of Title
% of Libraries Using Title
UK/Ireland 18.97 2.15 11.33%
Australia/NZ 16.86 1.39 8.22%
North America 204.70 5.26 2.57%
Europe 60.36 1.48 2.46%
Asia Pacific 169.97 1.78 1.05%
South Asia 58.06 0.56 0.96%
Middle East 87.51 0.71 0.81%
Africa 69.14 0.51 0.77%
Latin America 119.40 0.93 0.68%
World 412.26 9.25 2.24%
![Page 29: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Percentage of Libraries Using a Title, By Discipline
Region Arts & Humanities Social Sciences STEM
Africa 0.33% 1.08% 0.85%
Asia Pacific 0.71% 1.24% 1.31%
Australia/NZ 6.23% 9.42% 9.34%
Europe 2.07% 2.81% 2.47%
Latin America 0.42% 0.80% 1.19%
Middle East 0.54% 0.88% 1.12%
North America 2.42% 2.72% 2.58%
South Asia 0.60% 1.04% 1.32%
UK/Ireland 9.84% 13.22% 11.01%
World 1.93% 2.48% 2.36%
![Page 30: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Conclusions about Likelihood of Use by a Library
• For EBL, a higher percentage of libraries use titles in the arts & humanities
• For ebrary, a higher percentage of libraries use titles in STEM and Social Sciences with variation by region
![Page 31: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
LIKELIHOOD THAT A BOOK WILL BE USED: ARE THESE THE RIGHT BOOKS?
![Page 32: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Titles Available / Titles Used
53.08%46.88% 46.71%
38.59% 36.20% 33.13% 32.62% 32.16% 30.81%25.41%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Titles With a Session Titles without a Session
![Page 33: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Percentage of Titles Used By Discipline
63.84%59.47%
50.20%53.08%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities STEM All Subjects
Useed Unused
![Page 34: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Percentage of Titles Used By Discipline
73.99%
67.36% 67.36% 68.75%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities STEM All Subjects
Useed Unused
![Page 35: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Percentage of Titles Used By LC Class
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Session No Session
![Page 36: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Titles Used By LC Class
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Session No Session
![Page 37: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Percentage of Titles Used, By DivisionRegion Arts & Humanities Social Sciences STEM
Africa 14.95% 30.77% 33.96%
Asia Pacific 45.80% 48.95% 46.48%
Australia/NZ 35.61% 40.24% 40.69%
Europe 36.79% 37.97% 25.36%
Latin America 26.83% 35.65% 34.11%
Middle East 25.65% 29.62% 41.59%
North America 54.16% 54.67% 43.94%
South Asia 24.01% 32.28% 43.88%
UK/Ireland 38.17% 38.45% 31.66%
World 59.47% 63.84% 50.20%
![Page 38: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
5%
29%
34%
32%
Titles with a Session
![Page 39: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
26%
40%
30%
Sessions
![Page 40: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
28%
39%
29%
Page Views
![Page 41: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
33%
35%
28%
Titles with a Download
![Page 42: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
28%
39%
29%
Downloads
![Page 43: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
25%
38%
33%
Titles with Copy/Paste
![Page 44: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
20%
45%
31%
Copy/Paste
![Page 45: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
26%
36%
34%
Titles with Printing
![Page 46: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
32%
36%
28%
Printing
![Page 47: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Availability vs Use
12%
30%
29%
29%
Availability
Other STEM
Social Sciences Arts & Humanities
4%
24%
40%
32%
Time Spent
![Page 48: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Conclusions about Likelihood of Use
• Social Science titles are more likely to have at least one use
– But, some humanities subjects are most heavily used. P (languages and literature) is relatively poorly used.
• In general, social sciences titles are used above what one would predict, with sciences lower.
![Page 49: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
LIKELIHOOD OF HIGH USE
![Page 50: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Page Views Per Session
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
![Page 51: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Page Views Per Session: By Academic Division and Region
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
A&H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 52: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Page Views Per Session By LC Class
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
![Page 53: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Downloads Per Session
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
![Page 54: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Downloads Per Session: By Academic Division and Region
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
A&H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 55: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Downloads Per Session by LC Class
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
![Page 56: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Copies Per Session
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
![Page 57: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Copies Per Session: By Academic Division and Region
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
A&H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 58: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Copies Per Session by LC Class
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
![Page 59: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Prints Per Session
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
![Page 60: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Prints Per Session: By Academic Division and Region
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A&H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 61: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Prints Per Session by LC Class
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
![Page 62: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Time Per Session
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
![Page 63: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Time Per Session: By Academic Division and Region
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
A&H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 64: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Time Per Session by LC Class
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
![Page 65: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Likelihood of High Use: Conclusions
• Views Per Session
– Lowest in Developing world
– Generally highest for STEM
• Copy/Paste Per Session
– Regional variations
– Generally highest for Social Sciences, lowest for STEM
• Downloads Per Session
– Highest in Developing world
– Generally highest for STEM
• Printing Per Session
– Regional variations
– Generally highest for STEM
![Page 66: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Time Per Session
• Shorter in developing world
• Longest in Arts & Humanities
• Shortest in STEM
![Page 67: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
THE MOST HEAVILY-USED TITLES
![Page 68: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Top 10%* of Titles with Sessions
• Worldwide– 45,350 titles (10.08%)
• 107 sessions or more
– 13,708,391 sessions (70.20% of all sessions)
– Available at 1,681 libraries on average
*Based on an earlier, smaller data set that did not include some of the unused titles
![Page 69: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
% of Sessions Represented by Top 10% of Titles
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
![Page 70: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Disciplinary Representation Within Top 10% of Titles Used
Other4%
STEM26%
Soc Sci38%
A&H32%
Titles
Other4%
STEM27%
Soc Sci41%
A&H28%
Sessions
![Page 71: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Titles Available by Academic Division
12%
30%
29%
29%
Other
STEM (Q, R, S, T-TP, TS-TX)
Social Sciences (BF, H, J,K, L, U, V)
Arts & Humanities (B-BD,BH-BX, C, D, E, F, M, N, P,TR)
![Page 72: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Disciplinary Spread within Top 10% of Titles Used
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
A & H
Soc Sci
STEM
Other
![Page 73: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
% of Sessions within Top 10% of Titles
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Other STEM Soc Sci A & H
![Page 74: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
% of Sessions Represented by Top 10% of Titles
65.06%
73.66%
70.69%
60.00%
62.00%
64.00%
66.00%
68.00%
70.00%
72.00%
74.00%
76.00%
A & H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 75: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
% of Sessions Represented by Top 10% of Titles
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
A & H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 76: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
High-Use Titles: Conclusions
• Top 10% of titles represent 70% of sessions worldwide
• Social Sciences more heavily represented than in the data set as a whole
• Arts & Humanities more heavily represented, but accounts for fewer sessions than would be expected
– Usage spread more deeply across titles for A&H
![Page 77: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
INTENSIVE / EXTENSIVE USE
![Page 78: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Breadth vs Depth
PERCENTAGE OF TITLES USED
AV
ERA
GE
AM
OU
NT
OF
USE
![Page 79: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
SESSIONS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With Session
Ave
rage
Ses
sio
ns
Per
Titl
e
![Page 80: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
VIEWS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With View
Ave
rage
Vie
ws
Per
Titl
e
![Page 81: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
DOWNLOADS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With Download
Ave
rage
Do
wn
load
s Pe
r Ti
tle
![Page 82: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
COPIES
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With Copy
Ave
rage
Co
pie
s Pe
r Ti
tle
![Page 83: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
PRINTS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With Print
Ave
rage
Pri
nts
Per
Tit
le
![Page 84: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
COMBINED
Sessions
Views
Downloads
Copies
Prints
![Page 85: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
SESSIONS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With Session
Ave
rage
Ses
sio
ns
Per
Titl
e
![Page 86: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
VIEWS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With View
Ave
rage
Vie
ws
Per
Titl
e
![Page 87: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
DOWNLOADS
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With Download
Ave
rage
Do
wn
load
s Pe
r Ti
tle
![Page 88: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
COPIES
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With a Copy
Ave
rage
Co
pie
s Pe
r Ti
tle
![Page 89: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
PRINTING
Percentage of Titles in LC Class With a Print
Ave
rage
Pri
nts
Per
Tit
le
![Page 90: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
COMBINED
Sessions
Views
Downloads
Copies
Prints
![Page 91: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
USAGE BY YEAR OF PUBLICATION
![Page 92: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Titles Available
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
16
51
17
64
17
72
17
78
17
87
17
92
17
99
18
04
18
09
18
15
18
20
18
25
18
30
18
35
18
40
18
45
18
50
18
55
18
60
18
65
18
70
18
75
18
80
18
85
18
90
18
95
19
00
19
05
19
10
19
15
19
20
19
25
19
30
19
35
19
40
19
45
19
50
19
55
19
60
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
20
15
All Arts & Humanities STEM Social Sciences
![Page 93: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Titles Available
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
51
17
64
17
72
17
78
17
87
17
92
17
99
18
04
18
09
18
15
18
20
18
25
18
30
18
35
18
40
18
45
18
50
18
55
18
60
18
65
18
70
18
75
18
80
18
85
18
90
18
95
19
00
19
05
19
10
19
15
19
20
19
25
19
30
19
35
19
40
19
45
19
50
19
55
19
60
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
20
15
Arts & Humanities STEM Social Sciences
![Page 94: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Titles Available by Publication Year, 2000-2015
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
All Arts & Humanities STEM Social Sciences
![Page 95: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Titles Available by Publication Year, 2000-2015
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Arts & Humanities STEM Social Sciences
![Page 96: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Titles with a Session by Publication Year, 2000-2015
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
World A & H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 97: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Titles with a Session by Publication Year, 2000-2015
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
A & H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 98: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Sessions by Publication Year, 2000-2015
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
World A & H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 99: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Sessions by Publication Year, 2000-2015
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
A & H Soc Sci STEM
![Page 100: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Titles with Session vs Availability, by Date, 2000-2015
![Page 101: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS
![Page 102: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
One Size Does Not Fit All
• Arts & Humanities– Highest likelihood a library with access to a title will make
use of it
• Social Sciences– Highest percentage of available titles used– Even higher percentage of overall sessions
• STEM– Most page views per session– Most downloads per session– Least amount of time in the book
![Page 103: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Don’t Rely on a Single Measure of Use
• Comparing multiple factors tells a more complete story
– Actions per session
– Use relative to availability
– Intensive vs extensive use
![Page 104: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Think Broadly
• All subjects get used
• Publication date does not appear to be a major factor
![Page 105: UKSG Conference 2015 - E-book usage on a global scale: digging deeper into the data Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver Kari Paulson ProQuest](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5f2261a28abce3d8b463b/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Questions?