UK P&I CLUB Loss prevention · 2011-12-08 · Its high-level loss prevention programme – the most...

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Loss preventionThe UK P&I Club is committed to safety. Its high-level loss preventionprogramme – the most extensive in the industry – aims to offset rising claimsand maintain quality amongst Members

UK P&I CLUB

UK P&I CLUBIS MANAGEDBY THOMASMILLER

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Ship Visit ProgrammeA new approach

Mutual insurance is insuranceat cost. Owned by its assureds,and designed not to make aprofit, the cost of mutualinsurance to its Members isdirectly linked to its claims.Therefore anything whichreduces claims will directly

impact on a member’s contributions (premiums).

Since 1987, the Club has focused heavily on using itsexperience of handling shipping liability claims toraise awareness of what goes wrong and to get thatinformation to those at the sharp end. Much of thishas been done in the form of contemporaneousadvice on current claims trends, posters, videos, cargoloading advice etc.

Whilst that activity will of course continue, we feelthat we need to focus additionally on ways to helpMembers prioritise risk within their own fleets, inorder to assist them in reducing their costs and theirinsurance premiums – especially in the presenteconomic climate.

Following the well-known definition

RISK = FREQUENCY x CONSEQUENCE

the Club has analysed the number and value of theClub’s claims to prioritise high risk areas anddetermine what the THREATS are that cause theseclaims. Then, with the aid of those at the sharp end –our correspondents, surveyors, claims executives andunderwriters and last but not least important, our

crews – we have sought to determine whatCONTROLS – be it engineered, procedural ormanagerial – have mitigated such claims, or wouldhave done so if they had been in place. Those threatsand controls can then be targeted for assessment,either with the help of the Club’s own risk assessors,or by Members themselves in conjunction with theircrews.

At the present time, the Club is working with severalof its Members, providing in-depth risk profiling ofeach Member’s fleet, and then working with them,both in the office and onboard ships, with the Club’sown assessors, claims executives and underwriters, toassess relevant threats and controls.

We hope that, by focusing on the high-riskTHREATS which we know to have caused P&Iclaims and the CONTROLS that we know canmitigate their consequences, in future one smallmistake by a human either onboard OR ashore is not‘the straw that breaks the camel’s back’.

Drawing on the experience of its claims executivesand in-depth claims analysis, the Club has defined 76of these major threat areas which cause liability claims,and some 450 controls which may be able to helpreduce the likelihood of those threats causing anincident.

We have worked closely with individual Members totrial and develop a system to rate and record theserisks, so that a more scientific approach to claimsprevention/control can be taken. As we extend theuse of the system, this will in turn help establishtrends and benchmarks which we hope Members canuse within their own safety systems to help managetheir risks. The old saying “you can’t manage whatyou can’t measure” has never been more valid.

UK P&I CLUB

UK Club risk projectAnything which reduces claims will directly

impact on premiums


Ship Ginga Falcon

Group 1116

Reference number 11/043

Port Singapore

Date of assessment 17 May 2011

Assessor CJ Roberts

UK P&I CLUB

Overall assessment form

Explanation:

The above vessel has been inspected using a risk assessment tool which focuses on the Club’s 5 main risk areas as shown below. This has

given an average probability of an incident occurring on this ship of - Overall Risk Factor. Other sheets attached highlight the Threats,

which if not controlled, could cause such incidents, the Consequences that arise as a result of those incidents and the effectiveness of

the Controls which the Club feels should be in place to contain/minimise those threats/consequences.

IMPORTANT - in this system the minimum risk cannot be lower than 20%, maximum risk can be 100% if all controls are failed.


Threat scores

Claim type Score

Personal injury risks 41%

Collision risks 40%

Pollution risks 40%

Property risks 40%

Cargo risks 41%

Overallthreat score 40%

Consequence scores

Claim type Score

Personal injury risks 41%

Collision risks 40%

Pollution risks 40%

Property risks 40%

Cargo risks 41%

Overallconsequence score 40%

Overall risk factor 40%

UK P&I CLUB

Ship risk

Ship risk split (Threat and Consequence)

Personal injury risks Collision risks Pollution risks Property risks Cargo risks

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Overall ship risk60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

Threat scores Consequence scores

Personal injury risks Collision risks Pollution risks Property risks Cargo risks

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

Test case

1234

London

30 June 2011

CJR

UK P&I CLUB

Threat assessments

| | | | | | | | |

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Personal injuryPersonal injury - general

Mooring and unmooring operationsEnclosed space entry

Rotating machinerySlips, trips and falls

Working with portable power toolsWorking with chemicals/paints/cargo (liquid)

Working overside or at heightsWorking with electrical systems

Hot work - generalGalley activities

Steam and hot liquid systems - scaldingHot and cold surfaces

Lifting/moving/handling heavy equipmentHeavy weather working

Fire on boardLifeboat launching (drills/training)

Stowaways/PiracySecurity of port

Vessel security planTrading areas

Attacks on crew

CollisionNavigation at sea

Navigation under pilotageAdverse weatherReduced visibility

Anchor failureLoss of propulsion

Loss of steeringCommunication

PollutionBunkering operation

Cargo loading/discharge operationBilge and slop operations

Ballast water pollutionGarbage disposalSewage disposalFunnel emissions

Hull/equipment failuresFailure of hose/pipeline

In transit cargo operationsIn transit bunker transfers

Third party risksLoss of propulsion/steering equipment failure

Meteorological conditions - wind, rain, fog, current, tideNavigation at sea - contact with rigs, wind farms, nav aid etc

Navigation under pilotageTug assistance

Crew loss of controlCommunication

MooringsThird party property fit for purpose

Anchor failure

Cargo risks: Bulk/General/ReeferWet damage

Cargo securingTheft/shortage/Quantification error

Carriage temperaturesContamination/infestation

Ventilation

Cargo risks: Container/Car /Ro roPhysical damage to cargo

Pre-shipment qualityTrade route experience

Fire damagePre-loading/discharge planning

Stability errorPhysical damage to cargo

Loss overboardCollapsed stow

Carriage temperatureWet damage

Theft/cargo shortage/tally errorPre-loading/discharge planningContamination from ther cargo

Fire and explosion damageStability error

Cargo risks: Tankers -crude/prod.chem/gasContamination

ShortagePre-shipment quality

TemperatureEquipment/operational failure

Stability errorFire and explosion damage

Pre-loading/discharge planning

Controls that may need attention

Ship Test case

Group 1234

Reference number

Port London

Date of assessment 30 June 2011

Assessor CJR

Comment score meaning:

Score 3 =. 60% risk of breached control - average control - needs improvement as suggested - moderate risk score

Score 4 =. 80% risk of breached control - poor control - suggested improvements should be made as soon as possible - high risk score

Score 5 =. 100% risk of breached control - very poor control (may be non-existant) - needs urgent attention - very high risk score

NB: Only scores of 3 and greater with comments are shown below:

Threat Control Score CommentPI Mooring Ops Vessel mooring equipment of appropriate 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Mooring areas basic design factors 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Housekeeping standards maintained in all 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Trade competency of personnel to perform 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Continuous on board training as required 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Sufficient personnel for required operation 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Effective supervision by Officer/supervisor 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Communications established between all 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Pre mooring planning meeting held between 5 test on new form

PI Mooring Ops Toolbox talks and work planning meetings 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Access control to areas during maintenance 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Forced Ventilation prior to and during entry of 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Enclosed space to be isolated from all other 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Atmosphere Checks before and during entry 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Stand-by personnel assigned and SCBA, plus 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Trade competency of personnel to perform 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Continuous on board training as required 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Effective supervision by Officer/supervisor 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Communications established between all 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Toolbox talks and work planning meetings 5 test on new form

PI Enclosed Spaces Permit To Work including appropriate check-list 5 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Appropriate Tools and Equipment properly 5 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Guards and/or physical separation provided 5 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Access control to areas during maintenance 5 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Inspection and Planned Maintenance 5 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Trade competency of personnel to perform 4 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Continuous on board training as required 4 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Effective supervision by Officer/supervisor 4 test on new form

PI Rotating Machinery Toolbox talks and work planning meetings 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Lighting standards adequate and maintained 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Obstructions, Trip and fall hazards on V/L 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Non Slip on all walkways, working areas and 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Access control to areas during maintenance 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Housekeeping standards maintained in all 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Heavy weather operating procedures 4 test on new form

PI Slips, Trips, Falls Toolbox talks and work planning meetings 4 test on new form

PI Portable Power Tools Equipment specs - pneumatic power or 4 test on new form

PI Portable Power Tools Inspection and Planned Maintenance 4 test on new form

PI Portable Power Tools Trade competency of personnel to perform 4 test on new form

PI Portable Power Tools Continuous on board training as required 4 test on new form

PI Portable Power Tools Toolbox talks and work planning meetings 4 test on new form

PI Chemical/Paint/cargo MSDS sheets located as required 4 test on new form

PI Chemical/Paint/cargo Eyewash and first aid equipment located at 4 test on new form

PI Chemical/Paint/cargo Housekeeping standards maintained in all 4 test on new form

PI Chemical/Paint/cargo Trade competency of personnel to perform 4 test on new form

PI Chemical/Paint/cargo Continuous on board training as required 4 test on new form

PI Chemical/Paint/cargo Toolbox talks and work planning meetings 4 test on new form

PI Work height/Overside Minimum equipment standards established. 3 test on new form

PI Work height/Overside Inspection and Planned Maintenance 3 test on new form

PI Work height/Overside Trade competency of personnel to perform 3 test on new form

PI Work height/Overside Continuous on board training as required 3 test on new form

PI Work height/Overside Effective supervision by Officer/supervisor 3 test on new form

PI Work height/Overside Permit To Work including appropriate checklist 3 test on new form

Explanation: PI = Personal Injury, ST = Stowaway, Piracy and Port Security, NAV = Navigation, POL = Pollution, TPP = Third party

property, BUL = All dry cargo, CON = All container/roro cargo, TAN = All liquid cargo.

UK P&I CLUB

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People Claims area

The People Claims area is the latest secure area onthe Club website, where valuable information can befound regarding the legal implications andcomplications of protecting people at sea. Managedand regularly updated by the Club’s personal injuryteam it contains answers to the questions put to theteam, e.g. information and advice on crew contracts.It also deals with cruise and ferry passenger and thirdparty issues, stowaways and refugees.

With thirty percent of the Club’s payouts attributedto personal injury, people claims are a seriousconsideration for the Club. This is just one of thesectors for whom loss prevention statistics arepublished on the Club website.

UK Club LossPrevention websiteThe Loss Prevention area of the Club websitewww.ukpandi.com/loss-prevention is full ofadvice and information. All of the Loss Preventioninitiatives are available online, with many documentsavailable for download.

In addition to the wealth of content, the LossPrevention website is continually updated to makethe latest information from the loss prevention team,the Club, its correspondents and its Membersimmediately available to the rest of the membership.

Most of the information is available for free publicaccess. For restricted areas a simple onlineregistration process at the Members Area of the Clubwebsite enables speedy and extensive access.Members who register receive a concise weeklyemail bulletin advising the latest updates which havebeen made to the website.

Cargo Stowage Photo Library

A highly popular part of theCtoC area of the website is theCargo Stowage Photo Library.The online library houses a wide

range of cargo photos which are useful in providingreminders and examples of what cargoes look like.This library is particularly useful in providing aresource for those working with cargoes but notserving onboard ships, the library is updatedregularly, as new photos become available.

Members’ Questions and Answers

Registered Members can access the Loss PreventionFAQs, a collection ofthe questions putto the departmentby Members andclaims executives.Storing them in aneasy to access databaseenables the department toanswer queries immediately and efficiently.

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Statistics

Useful ideas

One of the most popular items on the LossPrevention website is the Onboard Practical Advicearea which contains a wealth of ideas and suggestionspicked up by the Clubs dedicated risk assessors. Theidea of the area is to take the best practices from shipsand pass it onto other Members so that they canbenefit from the positive things being donethroughout the Association.

News and topical issues

The Club is continually developing and improvingits communication of loss prevention issues toMembers. All such publications are web-enabled toprovide speedy access and distribution amongMembers and their ships and operational colleagues.Details of these publications can be found in thisbrochure and by browsing the website.

For example, the past issues of the Loss PreventionNews can be downloaded in pdf format. The subjects

covered are wideranging withtopical andinformative textsregarding claims,pollution, cargomatters, piracy andnew regulations.They assistMembers inreducing claims byraising awarenessof identified risktopics.

Loss Prevention Bulletins

Issued weekly, these informative bulletins cover awide range of claims related issues andrecommendations that come to the Club’s attention,and other subjects of interest and importance. Forexample: Oil Record Books and Illegal OverboardDischarge (628); New transit lane - Gulf of Aden(621); IMDG Code Update (615). Used to raiseMembers’ awareness, these bulletins are produced asthe problem occurs and therefore may assist inreducing claims. They can also be accessed onwww.ukpandi.com/loss-prevention

Technical Bulletins

Part of the Ship Visit Programme (see first page), theTechnical Bulletins are designed to highlight theproblems most frequently discovered by the Club’sown assessors. These bulletins inform the shipownerof detrimental technical situations found on visitsthat may influence P&I claims and will assist in theMembers own loss prevention initiatives.

Technical Bulletins are a useful and informativeaddition to the Club’s publications. They areavailable in pdf format from the Loss PreventionDepartment or direct from the Loss Preventionsection of the Club’s website.

Comparisons between observed and pre-calculated drafts will give an early indication of anypossible de-ballasting or ballasting problems or discrepancies in the loading plan

Bulk cargo monitoring

Technical BulletinNUMBER 34 SEPTEMBER 2010

UK P&I CLUB

The loading and discharging of bulk cargoes requiresconstant vigilance if stress limits are to be kept withintolerance levels.

The majority of ships have dedicated load and dischargeforms, where the stress levels and pre-calculated draftsare entered on the form. Most of these forms also have acolumn for visual or observed drafts.

It is important that at the end of each pour or run theobserved draft is entered on the load/discharge formand compared to the calculated draft (below).

If there are any large variations between the observeddraft and the pre-calculated draft, this should givereason for concern, as stress levels SF & BM might behigher than those pre-calculated.

✔✔✔✔✔

Some ships are still supplied with belt type harnesseswhich can lead to severe damage to internal organsand also spinal damage or death if the wearer fallsfrom any height.

Safety harnesses - working at height and overside

Technical BulletinNUMBER 33 JULY 2010

UK P&I CLUB

Incorrect belt type harness

Other vessels have the correct ‘5 point’ safetyharnesses onboard but they are not fitted with ‘fallarrest’ devices on the safety lines. This can result inserious injury should the wearer fall onto the safety line.Fall arresters act as ‘shock absorbers’ and will slow thefall gradually over a short distance rather thaninstantaneously.

The ISM Code section 1.2.2.2 requires that:

“the Company should....assess all identified risks to itspersonnel…and establish appropriate safeguards...”

The Code of Safe Working Practices for MerchantSeamen states in chapter 4:

“It is the responsibility of the employer to ensure thatworkers are provided with suitable personal protectiveequipment where it is needed... as a general rule,personal protective equipment should be supplied at nocost to the worker.”

Therefore, should a serious injury result from the use ofthe wrong type of safety harness, the employer can beheld liable. The Club would strongly advise that the

The Club’s Ship Inspectors often find that incorrect safety harnesses are being used for workingat height and over the ship’s side.

✗✗✗✗✗

Correct 5 point harness with fall arrestor

✔✔✔✔✔

✔✔✔✔✔

Correct 5 point harness with fall arrestor

The Club’s significant share of the world P&I marketmeans it can produce statistics on the type of claimsmost commonly experienced around the world. Thesubjects of statistics range from who tends to beblamed for an incident to the type of ships mostcommonly involved in pollution incidents.

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Pre EmploymentMedical Examination

Signum ServicesThe attention paid to the increasing criminalisation ofseafarers and shipowners obscures the fact that thosesame individuals are more often the victims ofcriminal activity. Furthermore, the internationalnature of shipping makes arrest or prosecution ofcriminal activity difficult.

Signum is a unique team of senior detectives (exScotland Yard) who travel the world investigating everytype of criminal activity that affects Club Members.The team’s extensive relationships with internationaland national law enforcement agencies are particularlyvaluable. They present a highly cost-effective solutionas time spent on Members’ cases is free. Specific casedisbursements are charged to the claim file.

Signum is also on hand to provide crime preventionand security advice. Their investigative experienceidentifies why, how and where premises arevulnerable and can assess the effectiveness of securityprocedures.

The Club’s PEME Programme was set up in 1996.Since it’s inception the scheme has identified morethan 8,100 crew as medically unfit for employment atsea from a total of 243,604 examinations.

The aim of theProgramme is tominimise shipowners’exposure to claimswhich arise from crewwith medicalconditions which existprior to employment.

The Programme also provides effective screening forcrew to ensure seafarers have a clean bill of healthbefore going to sea. A detailed explanation of thePEME Programme and its benefits to Members canbe found on the Loss Prevention section of the UKP&I Club website.

The achievements of the PEME Programme are clear:Fewer claims, Safer ships, and a fitter, healthier crew.

Benchmarking

The posters are designed to draw attention toeveryday occurrences, as witnessed primarily by theUK P&I Club’s own risk assessors. Some of thephotos illustrated under the title ‘Bad Practice’ are notnecessarily bad, but when compared to the ‘GoodPractice’ photo, it is clear that improvements could bemade. Conversely, some of them can be considered as‘Bad Practice’ and should clearly be discontinued.

A combination of photographs taken by the riskassessors and cartoon images help these engagingposters cross the language boundary. They arefrequently posted on notice boards or in areas closeto the hazard they illustrate.

Good/Bad Practice posters

The Club has issued a series of Good Practice posterseach year for use on board, illustrating some good andbad operational practices seen on Members’ ships.

This system assists shipowners to assess theiroperational standards against the Club as a whole.The information is collated by the assessors, whilstonboard the Member’s vessels, in: Cargo worthiness;Safety standards; Manning; Pollution control; Serviceand maintenance, and; Operational performance.

This service is being expanded. The new system willprovide a more wide-ranging and comprehensivebenchmarking service.

The system is confidential, with only the Memberinvolved having exclusive access to their results. It isan important tool to highlight areas that Memberscan improve on to assist in the reduction of claimsand outgoing costs.

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Carefully to Carry“The carrier shall properly and carefully load,handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge thegoods carried”.

Hague Rules, Articles III, Rule 2

Established in 1961, the CtoC committee hasproduced many articles – on cargoes that have causeda wide range of claims and other cargo-related issuessuch as hold washing, cargo securing and ventilation.

All articles and newsletters published by thecommittee are available to Members for downloadfrom the loss prevention area of the Club website.The list below gives an idea of the range and varietyof these articles which are also available on disk andin a printed volume. Members also receive the latestreports from the committee by email

The quality of advice given hasestablished Carefully to Carryas a key source of guidance forshipowners and ships’ officers.In addition, the articles havefrequently been the source ofexpertise in negotiations overthe settlement of claims andhave also been relied on incourt hearings.

Main areas covered are:

● Dry bulk cargoes

● Liquid bulk cargoes

● Containers

● Refrigerated cargoes

● Gas cargoes

● Miscellaneous

Cargo matters brochures

The Club has recently started drawing togethersome CtoC articles as brochures focusing onspecialist areas.

Currently they are:

● Bulk matters

● Container lashing and stowage

● Container matters

● Dangerous goods in containers

● Tanker matters

Risk focus brochuresLike the cargo matters series, the Club has alsobegun drawing together information to focus on keyrisk areas and publishing it in brochure format.

To date the areas covered are:

● Human element

● Mooring

● Ship security

● Electronic chartdisplay andinformation systems

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Stowaways checklist��


Paris MOU New InspectionRegime – Aide-memoire��



How to monitor coalcargoes from IndonesiaA checklist to help reduce the risk ofself-heating in Indonesian coal cargoes

Dangerous goods guideBook it right and pack it tightBOOK 4 FOR FORK LIFT TRUCK OPERATORSAND CARGO HANDLERS

A Carefully to Carry publication

UK P&I CLUBIS MANAGEDBY THOMASTHOMASTHOMASTHOMASTHOMASMILLERMILLERMILLERMILLERMILLER

Serious ship fires haveproved container shipsare vulnerable toincidents caused bydangerous goods. One insix container journeysresults in damaged cargo.Many incidents arecaused, or made worse,by bad packing andlosses exceed $5 billion ayear.

This Carefully to Carry publication series ‘Book itright and pack it tight: shipping containerised dangerousgoods by sea’, provides basic safety critical guidance forthose engaged in all stages of preparing dangerousgoods for carriage by sea; from booking cargo topacking the shipping container.

There are four guidebooks in the series each focusedon a key operational stage in the transport chain –shippers and forwarders; shipping lines and freightsales agencies; consolidators and container packers;fork lift operators and cargo handlers.

IMDG Code procedures are comprehensive, butfrequently misunderstood causing dangerousgoods incidents that regularly put ships and lives atrisk. These guidebooks assist those preparingdangerous goods consignments to understand andimplement the requirements of the IMDG Code by

identifyingand clarifyingtheir keyduties andrequirements.

Dangerous goodsguidesBook it right and pack it tight:Shipping containerised dangerous goods by sea

UK Club ‘how to’checklistsThese are the first in a new series of handy, pocket-sized aide-memoires offering guidance on what tocheck or look for in certain procedures andsituations.

The series, so far, includes:

● Stowaways

● Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)new inspection regime

● Sampling and testing iron ore fines

● How to make dangerous goods declarations

● How to prevent tanker cargo shortage claims

● How to prevent tanker contamination claims

● How to monitor coal cargoes from Indonesia

How to make dangerousgoods declarationsChecklists for shippers, packers andconsolidators of containerised dangerous goods


How to prevent tanker cargocontamination claimsThe cause of claims and how to avoid themduring pre-loading, loading and unloading


How to prevent tankercargo shortage claimsThe cause of claims and how to avoid themduring pre-loading, loading and unloading



Sampling and testing ironore fines – Aide-mémoire��

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Nautical Institute/UK Clubpublications

To emphasise that safety and commercial profitabilitygo hand in hand, the Nautical Institute, in co-operation with the UK P&I Club, has produced thefollowing publications:

Watchkeeping Safetyand CargoManagement in PortA practical guide for juniorofficers covering a widerange of relevant shipboardoperations, from safe use ofpesticides to keepingwithin stress limits duringballast operations.

Managing Risk inShippingThe first comprehensivebook for shipowners andmanagers on all aspects ofmanaging risk in port,onboard ship and throughinsurance.

CommercialManagement forShipmastersA guide aimed at bothmasters and chief officers toincrease theirunderstanding of their rolein commercialmanagement, providing anintroduction to someaspects of modernmanagement practice.

Bulk Carrier PracticePerhaps the industry’s mostcomprehensive publicationon the operation of bulkcarriers. This publication isalso available to Membersunder the Club’s logo andincludes the Club’s DVDBulk Matters.

Port State Control checklists

Produced by experts from Lloyd’s Register and theUK Club, the guides advise officers on board, andowners, about Port State Control, highlightingdeficiencies found during PSC inspections. Theyprovide a detailed checklist of areas that must be upto standard and highlights areas where operationaldeficiencies are frequently found.

The first in the series of checklists provides anoverview and covers a broad range of areas thatshould be checked onboard, the checklists are clearlyseparated by shipboard area.

The following five checklists cover some of the mostimportant sections of the ship and as a result they willreceive significant attention from Port Stateinspectors. The checklists cover:

● Port State Control Detentions

● Marine Pollution Prevention

● ISM & ISPS

● Life-Saving Appliances

● Marine Fire Safety

Each checklist is clearly separated into a number ofkey areas where operational deficiencies arefrequently found. With the help of each checklist it isbelieved that members can significantly decrease the

Partnered publications numbers of detentions and deficiencies encounteredthrough Port State Control.

Each checklist measures 15cms x 10.5cms and isprinted on recyclable polypropylene.

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Cargo Matters series

At least seven out of ten cargo claims arise fromincidents caused by human error. The ‘Cargo Matters’series aims at increasing awareness of the causes ofP&I claims for cargo damage and loss. The first ‘CargoMatters’ concentrates on general cargo lossprevention and the rest of the series concentrateindividually on specific trades – Tanker, Container,Bulk and Gas.

Examples are taken from actual claims to show thephysical and commercial risks onboard ship.

The films are divided into modules, each of whichcan be viewed independently. The modules dealwith the separate stages of operations that must beundertaken properly for cargo to be carried safelyand profitably.

The Missing Link – Improving themooring process

Failure of ropes and wires can causeserious personal injuries. Most ofthese injuries occur during mooringoperations. Mooring incidents canalso result in substantial claims fordamage to ship and shoreequipment. The Missing Link showshow to make mooring safer and how

to prevent damage, step by step:

● The mooring plan

● The weakest link

● Winches

● Mooring lines

● Quick release hooks and bollards

● Line handling

● Innovation.

Counting the Cost

‘Counting the Cost’ demonstratesthe P&I claims that cost theshipping industry $2 billionannually by reconstructing realincidents. It highlights what can gowrong, their costs to shipownersand insurers, and how suchsituations might be avoided.

UK Club DVDsTo raise awareness of how, where and when claimsarise, the Club has produced a collection of videosfocusing on the different areas of risk covered.

The videos are produced for use, primarily, onboardMembers’ ships and feature reconstructions of realincidents, highlighting what can go wrong, the coststo shipowners and insurers, and how such situationsmight be avoided. They include:

The Mariner’s Role in CollectingEvidence

Liability claims cost the shippingindustry $2 billion each year.Successful defence of these claimsdepends on the quality of theevidence. The real-life examplesin this video show why it isimportant to collect evidence andhow to do it.

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Taking Care

Personal injury claims costs arecontinually rising. ‘Taking Care’increases awareness among ships’crew of personal injury incidents thatmay occur.

Any Fool Can Stuff a Container

If you think any fool can stuff acontainer, think again! One in sixcontainer journeys results indamaged cargo. Over $5 billion isspent every year on claims due todamage of cargo in containerisedunits.

‘Any Fool...’ is intended to assist shippers andreceivers of containerised cargo by explaining theimportance of how to pack units carefully andteaching basic principles of good practice in respectof:

● Choosing a container

● Checking the container

● Making a packing plan

● Packaging cargo

● Packing containers

● Container security, and

● Receiving containers.

No qualifications are required to pack containers,and training is not necessarily given. Many customerspacking containers have no understanding of what acontainer is likely to experience on a ship at sea, anddo not stow cargo appropriately for the conditions.

No Room for Error

As 60 per cent of all liability claimsare caused by human error, the UKClub has made a comprehensiveDVD concentrating on whyhuman error occurs. This DVD isdesigned principally for companytrainers and in five fictional maritime

scenarios illustrates the root causes of human error.

● Ship collision

● Cargo loss

● Personal injury

● Pollution

● Property damage.

It shows how to look beyond the ‘active failures’ – theimmediate causes of incidents – to identify the ‘latentfailures’ – the root causes. Mariners and shore staffcan avoid incidents by predicting when and wherethey will occur.

All too often, incident investigators identify andblame the person most obviously responsible but donot uncover the root causes. Failing to tackle rootcauses limits the effectiveness of any remedial actionto prevent occurrences of an identical incident.

With the help of Club Member Shell, researchdistinguished the immediate causes of incidents ie.‘active failures’ from the root causes ie. ‘latentfailures’. An active failure – something that happenedat the sharp end – is generally blamed for causing anincident, but the researchers found that latent failuresare a greater threat. They create the conditions inwhich the active failures are more likely – and moreserious.

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For further information please contact:Loss Prevention Department, Thomas Miller P&I LtdTel: +44 20 7204 2307. Fax +44 20 7283 6517Email: [email protected]

Ordering Loss Prevention material

Members

Members can order any of this material directly from the Club (see contacts below). The UK P&I Club LossPrevention department publishes over forty different books, DVDs, videos, newsletters, bulletins and otherelectronic media. Members can explore this diverse range of initiatives on the Club’s website:

www.ukpandi.com/loss-prevention

[email protected]

Non-Members

A selection of UK Club Loss Prevention material is available to non-Members through MarisecPublications. More details of how to purchase this material can be found at the Marisec website:www.marisec.org.

UK P&I CLUB Loss prevention · 2011-12-08 · Its high-level loss prevention programme – the most...

Documents

Transcript of UK P&I CLUB Loss prevention · 2011-12-08 · Its high-level loss prevention programme – the most...