Uhs2122 Perception and Logic

8/3/2019 Uhs2122 Perception and Logic

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2.0INTRODUCTI

ON

2.11 LOGICIN A GLANCE

2.7PERCEPTIONERROR

2.2PERCEPTIONSYNTHESIS

2.3 TYPES OFPERCEPTION

2.16INDUCTIVEANDDEDUCTIVELOGIC

2.17METHODS TOCHANGEPERCEPTION-

LOGIC

2.1DEFINITION

OFPERCEPTION

2.18CONCLUSION

2.4PERCEPTIONCHARACTERISTICS

2.5 FACTORSINFLUENCINGPERCEPTIONSSTIMULATION

2.12

CATEGORIESOF LOGIC

2.8PERCEPTIONORGANIZATION

2.9PERCEPTIONANDINTUITION

2.6STIMULATION FEATURE

TOWARDSPERCEPTION

2.10PERCEPTIONAND LOGIC

2.13SCIENTIFIC

WORK ABOUTLOGIC 2.14 AREA OFLOGIC2.15 LOGICIN DAILY LIFE


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Introduction

Perception the most importantelement in thinking process/cognitiveprocess

Creative and critical thinking involveperceptual ability to interrelate, toreceive and to supplement

Wide and flexible perception easyto be creative and critical thinker


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Gestalt perception is a conscious

process involving individual reactiontowards stimulus from environment.

According to Edward de Bono (1969),

thinking is a process that happenedin 2 phases:

1st phase: perception

2nd phase: logic


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Definition of perception

Perception is the first phase of thinking process.Second phase is logic. Perception influence whatseen by logic. In short, perception determine logic.(Edward de Bono, 1969)

Perception is the process in which sensoryexperiences are organized and made meaningful.(Newman, 1983)

Perception is a process where a human knowsabout objects and objective events throughsensation. (Chaplin, 1985)


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Perception is a process whereby a personinterpret stimulus sensation and gives meaningto it. It is also a conscious and reaction of anindividual towards stimulus, which is theirpersonal nature. Perception is also ameaningful pole. Actually it does not happenedautomatically, but it takes a long time, whichinclude interpretation and proper

understanding. (Mohd. Salleh, 1995)

Perception is interpretation of what is seen byeyes, or in other way perception is meaninggiven to what is seen by eyes. (Abdullah andAinon, 1996)

It is a process in which brain receivedinformation from senses, restructuring it back

and give meaning to it. (Boon and Ragbir, 1998)


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Perception synthesis

Perception process enable usunderstand our environment.

Observing process happened in twophases:

1st phase: eyes send information to thebrain

2nd phase: brain tells the eyes what isseen

(refer to next figure)


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How cognitive-perception processcreates mental polein our mind?


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Perception process

Phase

1 Phase2

Phase3

SeeTaste

FeelTouchSmell

Collect &informatio

n filing

Mentalset

preparedaccepting any

conception

File 4File 2File 1 File 3

Mental pola

Sub-sub file

Sub-subfile

Sub-subfile Sub-sub

file

Information

accepted

Sensory stimulation

Senses tell the

brain what is

seen


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Thinking involved two important

process (Ainon & Abdullah, 1995): Biology

Perception

Perception is a pole set about anyconcept and meaning that resemblesin our mind.

These set of poles we get fromsurveillance, observation and direct

participation of our surroundings.


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Cognitive process

Perception

Experiences and

contexts

Hypothesis

Analysisvia

synthesis

Stimulation input

Generatehypothesis and

associate withrelated schemefrom memory

There aresimilarities/rel

evancebetween new& old

information

Identifying

stimulati

Yes

No- Interpretation from

sensory data

(knowledge)- Perception is not

static

- e.g. Necker Cube

-Past experiences- e.g. old & young lady


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Perceptioncharacteristics

Perception is

personal

Perceptionhappen

continuously

Perceptionchanges

depending on

theenvironmentalchange

Perception isvery

selective


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Foregroundand

backgroundrelationship

Contrastfactor

Pastexperience

Selfmotivation

Mental

setTimerange

Object

order

Concentration

Personal

factor

Expectation

Factorsinfluencing

perceptionsstimulation


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STIMULATION

FEATURE

TOWARDSPERCEPTIO

N

Changingand moving

object

Oppositestimulus

Inner factorand interest

Extraordinar

y stimulus


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Perception error

Human is created with weaknesses spiritually, emotionally, intellectually,and physically.

Richard (1989) human weaknessesin translating perception happened

because of the total prediction powerwhile human is translating inputreceived through their environment.


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Commonmistakes of

perception(Ainon &Abdullah,

1996)

Narrow insightperception

Self valueperception

Black & whiteperception

BIG & smallperception

Macroperception

Personalperception

Negativeperception


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Perception organization

Perception enable us to look forcertain information only.

Then information was kept inmemory become experience

As a human, we have to be clever toorganize perception, to be suitablefor creative and critical thinking.


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It is important in a process of

problem solving and decisionmaking.

Creative thinking can generate manyideas and solving in differentperspectives.

Creative thinking techniques: need tobe learnt

Expand perception in viewing andsolving problems

Widen observation towards something

better


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Perception and intuition

Other than senses, divine revelationand intelligence, intuition is also away of thinking.

Intuition is experience gained withouta certain thinking process.

Intuition works subconsciously.

Perception of the possibilitiesinherent in a situation. (Carl Jung)

Intuition use subconscious mind forinformation to come and o.


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Intuition functioned in perception.

Perception translating; intuition widen the dimension of perception

Intuition helps to:

How perception can be translatedcorrectly?

How was it built?

What is the implication to othersituation?

How should we react?

What is the new idea that can we derive

in our mind?


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Differences between logic andintuition

Logic

Inductive anddeductive method

Objective, can be seenby others

Concrete, can be tell toothers, can be feel

together

Intuition

Direct experience,without thinking

process Only for that certain

individual

Subjective and can not

be feel by others


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Perception and logic

Perception and logic interdependenteach other.

Perception collecting pole; logic set of assumption for the poles

Logic is useful for:Looking into relationship of cause and

effect

Making conclusion for something

To defend argument for the purpose of

supporting or rejecting any ideas


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Inference Mind logic Nature

logic

Inductive Deductive

Daily life event- Communication;

watching- Shopping; observing

- Walking, studying,playing

SpecificGeneral

GeneralSpecific


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Logic in a glance

Logic has existed thousands ofyears ago.

Logic is derived from humanintelligence.

Three major ages of logic:Classical age

Islamic era

Modern age


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Traditionallogic

Pragmaticlogic

Sciencelogic

Multi-valueslogic

Epistemology logic

Symboliclogic

Categories

oflogic(Jujun

,1990)


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Scientific work about logic

Scientific work contributed to thetraditional logic

Scientific work of Greece have beentranslated by Islamic scholars: al-Farabi

Improve to suit with Islam, and notconfusing Islam practitioner

Western also translated Islamicbooks into English


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Some of the books are:

Organom; The prior Analytics (Aristotle)Novum Organom (Francis Bacon)

The Advancement of Learning (FrancisBacon)

Nouveaux essais sur (Pascal)

A System of Logic (John Stewart Mill)

A Discourse on the Method of Rightly

Conducting the Reason and SeekingTruth in the Science (Descrates)

Essays Concerning Human

Understanding (John Locke)


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Area of logic

Logic is a tool or basis for otherknowledge area (Bolton, 1976).

Logic is the head of knowledge,whoever did not learnt about logic,their knowledge could not bebelieved Imam al-Ghazali

Knowledge with strong logic basisare religion, philosophy, applied andnatural science, language,

mathematics, calculus, space,


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Classical age

Logic called as pure logic

Since 600 B.C., Heraclitus age

Aristotle create very useful logicbasis

Scholars in Classical age:

Heraclitus Socrates

Plato

Pythagoras


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Emphasize

on theoryformation

Closelyrelated

withtheology

Closelyrelated

withlanguage

and

rhetoric

Logic asargumentati

on

Closelyrelated

with

philosophy

Characterist

ics


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Islamic era

Logic in golden age of Islam isinfluenced by classical age

Translated by scholars al-Farabi, al-Kindi

Given new dimension in scientificresearch

Scholars:

Ibn Sina

Ibn Haitham

Imam al-Ghazali


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Characteristics

Al-Quranand divinity

Mathematicsverification

Historywriting Languagereview


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Modern age

Scholars trying to find alternative toimprove

Rene Descartes discover moredynamic logic system dialectic

Now logic is more scientific andempirical

Scholars:

Galileo

Newton

Pascal


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Characteristics

Based on

deductiveand

intellectinduction

Research(theory,

hypothesis,statistics)

Observationaland

experimental


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Logic in daily life

Logic as guideline while thinking anddecision making process.

Logic can determine what is wrong and

what is right. Weaknesses of logic: what is correct in

logic is not necessarily correct in the

real situation. But logic mistakes is small compared to

perception mistakes.

Creation of universe can not be


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Important to

understand Quranand Hadith

Educate peopleto speak the

truth

Delete deviantand ridiculous

thought

To defend

oppositesargument

The use of

logic ineveryday life

D d ti d i d ti


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Deductive and inductivelogic

Deductive logic: some set of generalassumptions that produce onespecific statement (syllogism one

conclusion built from minor andmajor premises)

Inductive logic: one specific

statement built from some set ofgeneral assumptions


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General assumptions

General assumptions

Specific statement

Specific statement

Deductive logic Inductive logic


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Deductive logic

General specific Syllogism consist of 2

premises and 1conclusion

Major premise: small(basis of argument) statement that supportor reject something thatis true or not

Conclusion deductionthat been created fromthe application majorand minor premises (ifboth of the premises istrue, the conclusion will

be true)

Inductive logic

Specific general Observe and analyze

existing data

Create hypothesis to

link the data Science and natural

science research


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Intellect logic: to solve mathematicproblems

Nature logic: to interact

Intellect logic will not be congenial

with nature logic Intellect logic emphasize concrete

perception, whereas nature logicemphasize reasoning perception

Another type of logic: dialectics logic uses argument in the form of Q & A


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Three phases of logic:


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Perfection and

extremity

Logicsweaknesses

One sidedPerceptionsrestrain

UnbalancedRepetition

Individual

experience


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Conclusion

Every human being has perception.

Perception enable human to know alot things, events, objects.

Good and positive perception isbeneficial for human. However, badperception can also bring goodness.

Perception MUST BE and HAVE TO BEcontrolled.

Controller intellect, lust and faith!

Uhs2122 Perception and Logic

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