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The Transit Time Clamp-on Flow Metering Technique

Introduction

•Principle of operation.

•Modes of operation.

• Installation guidelines.

Principle of operation

•The general principle of time of flight flow measurement.

•The phase measurement system.

•Modes of operation

A B

Flow

Sensor Block

Liquid

Sensor Block

 

Vf = Flow velocityl = Distance between transducersCf = Path length between transducer

facest = Transit-time downstreamKn = Profile correction factor = Propagation angle

Approximate relationship between fluid velocity and measured time. Does not include clamp on transducer delays.

fnf ct

lKV

sin

1

The general principle of time of flight flow measurement.

Typical sound path for a clamp on ultrasonic meter

Steel

Transducers

Plastic

Line represents path of sound wave Water

Pipe cut through side view

The direct time measurement system

A B

Flow

Sensor Block

Liquid

Sensor Block

Pipe wall

A

Flow Liquid

Sensor Block

BSensor Block

Pipe wall

Reflex mounting• ease of setup • good results over a broad range of applications

Diagonal mounting• extends the readable pipe diameter for given sensors • better for high flows• better with turbulent applications

Modes of operation

A B

Flow

Sensor Block

Liquid

Sensor Block

Pipe wall

A B

Flow

Sensor Block

Liquid

Sensor Block

Pipe wall

Double reflex mounting• ease of setup• useful for smaller pipe diameters • good on low flow rates

Triple reflex mounting• ease of setup• useful for smaller pipe diameters • good on low flow rates

Modes of operation

Installation guidelines

•Transducer positioning.

• Flow profiles

Ultrasonic flow meter axial and radial sensor location

Summary

•Principle of operation.

•Modes of operation.

• Installation guidelines.