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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCOM-2001 Cisco Public
UCS Manager Technical Deep Dive
BRKCOM-2001
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCOM-2001 Cisco Public
Agenda
• Introduction
• UCS Architecture, Innovations, Topology
• Physical Building Blocks
• Logical Building Blocks
• Typical Use Cases (Live UCS Demo)
• Focus on new 2.1 operational and networking features
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Introduction
• This session will not cover UCS hardware components
‒ Please check out BRKCOM-1005 UCS System Architecture Overview for that
• This session will not cover Storage best practices
‒ Please check out BRKCOM-2002 UCS Storage Best Practices for that
• This session will not cover VM FEX in detail
‒ Please check out BRKCOM-2005 UCS Fabric and VMs for that
• On the other hand, this session will cover UCSM quite a bit!
What to expect
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UCS Architectural Goals
5
• Decouple admin overhead from
number of managed endpoints
Deepest possible abstraction of
hardware and connectivity
Reduce server provisioning time
Fully programmable platform
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Unified Computing System (UCS)
Single Point of Management
Unified Fabric
Stateless Servers with Virtualized Adapters
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UCS Manager Embedded– manages entire system
UCS Fabric Interconnect 48 or 96 Port 10Gb FCoE with Unified Ports
UCS Fabric Extender Remote line card
4 x 10GE or 8 x 10GE
UCS Blade Server Chassis Flexible bay configurations
UCS Server Industry-standard architecture Blade and rack-mount, 2 and 4 socket
UCS Virtual Adapters Choice of multiple adapters
UCS Physical Building Blocks
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Server provisioning pain points
• Provisioning new servers to deploy or scale an application is time
consuming
• Customers standardize on equipment for a given app
‒ amount of memory, number of NICs, HBA vendor, boot characteristics, etc.
• Deploying a new application typically involves placing an internal request
to the server team which needs to locate the appropriate server, rack
mount it, cable everything, install an OS, ensure connectivity and pass the
ball back to the app team
‒ typically this takes days or weeks
• How can we simplify this?
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Decouple hardware config from hardware
Server Name UUID Boot Order
Boot Parameters WWN/WWPN MAC Address
SAN Attributes LAN Attributes
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Introducing Service Profiles
• UCS Servers are somewhat similar to VMs
• Configuration files store server characteristics:
‒ Boot parameters
‒ NIC and HBA configuration (MAC, WWN, etc.)
‒ UUID
‒ Various policies (what happens when a link fails,
etc.)
• All those items can be grouped in pools
• Those service profiles are then mapped to
physical servers to very quickly provision one
or more appropriate servers
PHYSICAL SERVERS
Server Profiles
Server Name
UUID
MAC
WWN
Boot info
LAN Config
SAN Config
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Stateless Computing
• Server identity no longer has to be tied
to physical server hardware
Profiles provide identity
Seamless server mobility
Stateless blades
• Boot over network (LAN or SAN)
Boot order and boot devices are part of the
pre-defined logical server profile
On-board disks can be used for temp,
swap, etc.
Server Name: LS-A
UUID: 56 4d cd 3f 59 5b 61…
MAC : 08:00:69:02:01:FC
WWN: 5080020000075740
Boot Order: SAN, LAN
SAN LAN
Chassis-1/Blade-1
Chassis-9/Blade-5
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Pools
• UUID
• MAC
• WWNN / WWPN
Policies • Boot Devices/Order
• Host F/W
• QoS
• Local Disk
• …
Templates
• VNIC
• VHBA
Templates
• Service Profile
Service Profile
“Web-1”
Service Profile
“Web-2”
Service Profile
“Web-N”
. . .
Network
• VLANs
• VSANs
• Pin Groups
UCS Logical Building Blocks
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• Connectivity
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How to create Service Profiles
Templated
Manual
Identity
(MAC Address, WWN, Etc.)
Behavior
(Firmware, QoS, Etc.)
Connectivity
(vNICs, vHBAs,)
Configuration Methods
Service Profile Physical Blade
Cloned
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Concept of resource pools
blade pool
policies
qualifications blade pools blades
P1
P3
C1S1
C1S1
C2S3
C3S4
C1S1
C4S8
adapters
memory
storage
adapters
CPU memory
P2
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More modularity: service profile policies
Ethernet Adapter Policy
Tx- queues
Rx – queues
CoS
BIOS Policy
Quiet boot
Hyper-threading
VT-technologies
Characteristics:
• Consumed at instantiation of
Service Profile (SP)
• Linked to specific
components of SP
• Are usable through multiple
Organizations
• Allow update of policy to
apply to those SPs that
consume it
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Templates, policies and Service Profiles
Service Profile Template:
Web Server
• UUID: WebUUPool
• Boot Order: WebBootPolicy
• Host Firmware: WebFWPolicy
• SOL: SOLPolicy
• WWNN: WebWWNNPool
Adapter Policy: Eth0 VLAN: Web_FrontEnd Fabric: A MAC: WebMacPool-A
Adapter Policy: fc0 VSAN: Web-A Fabric: A WWPN: WebWWPNPool-A
Service Profile: Prod-Web-S1
Service Profile:Prod-Web-S12
• UUID: 10:02:03:04:05
• Boot Order: VM / SAN
Target 50:00:00:34:FA
• Host Firmware: 9.0.03.146
• WWNN: 20:00:00:00:10
• WWPN: 20:00:00:00:20
• MAC: 20:03:CA:00:05
• UUID: 10:02:03:04:F3
• Boot Order: VM / SAN
Target 50:00:00:34:FA
• Host Firmware: 9.0.03.146
• WWNN: 20:00:00:00:50
• WWPN: 20:00:00:00:40
• MAC: 20:03:CA:00:FA
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Management Interface: UCSM
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• Java-based GUI • Java Webstart client
download • Single pane of glass
for all UCS-related tasks
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Today: release 2.1 (“Del Mar”)
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UCS Manager: behind the scenes
UCSM Management Information Model
Summary:
• Data Management Engine (DME)
contains full representative object
model stored in the Management
Information Tree (MIT)
• Interaction with DME occurs via
Northbound External Interface Layer
• Northbound interfaces all resolve
down to XML API
• Application Gateways couple UCSM
with end points
UC
SM
UCS CLI
Data Management Engine MIT
Management Controller Application
Gateway
Nic AG
Host Aggr
Port AG
Dcos AG
NXOS(A) UCS 6100
NXOS(B) UCS 6100
IOM (CMC) UCS 2100
B200/B250 (BMC)
MEZZ_CARD M*KR
UCS UOS
telnet, ssh, netconf
Smash CLP Component
Native XML API
Custom Application GUI
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Northbound Connections
UC
SM
Data Management Engine
Transaction Services
Management Information Tree
Tools e.g. Curl,
Poster plugin
Visore UCSM GUI External Management Application
Validation
XM
L
HTT
P
H
TTP
S
Behavior and Orchestration Services
Object Services
XM
L
HTT
P
H
TTP
S
XM
L
HTT
P
H
TTP
S
XM
L
HTT
P
H
TTP
S
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UCS Management Information Tree (MIT)
All physical & logical components that
comprise UCS are represented in a
hierarchical management information
model (MIT)
Each node in the tree represents one
or more managed objects that
contains its configuration and
operational state.
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UCS MIT - Naming
• Data in the MIT is referenced hierarchically
• Relative Name (RN) is typically a combination of object type prefix + naming property value for that object.
• E.g. for blades object type prefix=blade, the naming property is ID, so if the ID of this blade is 1, the RN=blade-1
• chassis-1
• blade-8
• fan-module-8
• Adaptor-1
• Distinguished Names (DN) are built from a combination of RNs.
• sys/chassis-1/blade-6/adaptor-1
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DME: Applying A Change in State
All Modifications Are: • Validated Centrally
• Deployed
Asynchronously
• Success or Failure
Communicated by
asynchronous
Notifications to the
Event Stream.
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UCS: a model-driven framework
• UCSM information model: logical abstraction of hw/sw components in UCS
• The DME modifies objects in the MIT first
• Physical endpoints are modified after by AGs
• This approach separates business logic from platform implementation
• Makes it easy to add components or write code without worrying about hardware idiosyncrasies for example
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Overview of HA in UCS
L1 to L1
L2 to L2
Mgmt Plane: active / standby
Data Plane: active/active
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It’s demo time!
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Live UCS Demonstration (No PPT!)
• UCSM overview
• Templates, pools, policies and SPs
‒ what’s new in 2.1 (incremental allocation, SP renaming, LAN conn policies)
‒ fault management: clearing up any confusion
• Networking refresher
‒ what’s new in 2.1 (VLAN groups, IGMP, etc.)
• Quick overview of XML API
‒ Powershell toolkit, Developer Connection, Platform Emulator
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Annex: new 2.1 features
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Release 2.1: over 15 new features
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Operational Enhancements
• Service Profile Renaming
• FSM Tab Enhancements
• Fault Suppression
• ID Pool Sequential Allocation
• UCSM Upgrade Validation
• UCSM Auto Install
• Scheduled backups
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCOM-2001 Cisco Public
• Users will have the ability to rename a Service Profile in its current place in the org tree
• Old IDs (e.g., UUID, MAC, WWN) are retained
• New audit logs, events, and faults reference the new name
• Existing audit logs, events, and faults from the original Service Profile remain available under the original name
• No server reboot is necessary
• Only Service Profiles can be renamed. Nothing else.
Customers can simplify operations by aligning
Service Profile names with their naming conventions
Customer benefits
Feature details
Service Profile renaming
Operational
Enhancements
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FSM Tab Enhancement: GUI
• GUI now shows all FSM Stage details in additional to overall FSM status details.
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Sequential ID Pool allocation
Much better control over SP to ID pools (MAC, WWN, etc.) allocation!
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UCSM Upgrade Validation
• Starting with Del Mar (2.1) it is possible to do a dry run of system upgrades
• Automatic rollback in case of problem
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Firmware auto-install
• 5 different features actually:
• Host Firmware Package creation using simple mode
• Deprecation of Management Firmware Package
• Removal of ignore compatibility check
• Firmware Monitoring
• Firmware Auto Install
• Install Infrastructure Firmware
• Install Server Firmware
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCOM-2001 Cisco Public
• Administrators can utilize a simple wizard-like interface to specify which version of firmware they would like to upgrade either their infrastructure or servers to
• Sequencing of firmware updates is handled automatically to ensure the least downtime
• Intermediate user acknowledgement during fabric upgrade allows users to verify that elements such as storage are in an appropriate state before continuing the upgrade
Users can utilize a tool to automatically sequence
and apply upgrades to each system endpoint, simplifying the process
Customer benefits
Feature details
Firmware Auto Install
Operational
Enhancements
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• Fault suppression offers the ability to lower severity of designated faults for a maintenance window, preventing Call Home and SNMP traps during that period
• Predefined policies allow a user to easily place a server into a maintenance mode to suppress faults during maintenance operations
Customers can align UCSM fault alerting with their
operational activities
Customer benefits
Feature details
Fault suppression
Operational
Enhancements
User can start or schedule fault suppression on a per SP basis or Org-level!
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Fault Suppression Overview
1. Users can now “Start/Stop Fault Suppression” in order to suppress
transient faults and Call-home/SNMP notifications
2. Supported on both physical (Chassis, Server, IOM, FEX) and logical
entities (Org, Service Profile)
3. Users can specify a time window during which fault suppression will
take into effect
4. A fault suppression status indicator to show different states (Active,
Expired, Pending)
5. Fault Suppression policies that contain a list of faults raised during
maintenance operations will be provided. Users cannot create or
customize policies.
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Fault Suppression behavior
1. When fault suppression is started
Fault is marked with different severity (conditioned) &
lifecycle (suppressed)
Suppressed faults will not be shown to user by default
Call-home/SNMP notifications suppressed
2. When fault suppression is stopped
Any outstanding faults will be..
re-evaluated
Call-home/SNMP notifications sent
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• Org-aware VLANs
• VLAN compression
• VLAN groups
• IGMP Querier
• Flexible networking resources consumption
‒ Exclude network (LAN/SAN) aspects from server admin privilege
‒ LAN & SAN connectivity policies
Networking Features
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• VLANs today are not confined to specific Orgs
• They are available as a free-for-all resource
‒ Any SP vnic can use any VLAN
• 2.1 changes this with Org-aware VLANs
‒ Opt-in feature: by default, an Org has access to all VLANs
‒ If enabled, Org is limited to specific VLANs
Org-aware VLANs
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VLAN Permissions in a Org Hierarchy
org::Org name=“root”
org::Org name=“eng”
org::Org name=“hr”
org::Org name=“dev”
org::Org name=“personnel”
org::Org name=“benefits”
fabric::VlanReq name=“one”
fabric::VlanReq name=“three”
fabric::VlanReq name=“three”
fabric::VlanReq name=“two”
{} * All VLANs
{} * All VLANs
{} * All VLANs
{one,two}
{one,two,three}
{three}
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Org-aware VLANs
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Org-aware VLANs
• We created a VLAN called ORGWARE with Org membership = DEMO
• SPs that are not in Org DEMO do not see the ORGAWARE VLAN
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• Optimizes (P,V) to increase supported limit • Increase Scale from 32K to up to 64K* on the
6248/6296
• *Caveat: -Actual Limit dependent on environment/configuration
• Enable higher scale in logical ports (also called P,V ports) • Important for customers with:
• ESX DVS or Nexus 1kV • Multi-tenant – Service Provider/Enterprise • High # of Servers with high # of VLAN –
GET/Enterprise/Commercial/SLED
Customer benefits
Feature details
Logical Port Count Optimization Networking
User will be able to enable or disable (default) feature in global policies
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VLAN Compression – Use case
• Cloud provider, all virtualized clusters
• vSwitch based deployments
• Larger set of VLANs in each group eg : 1-500 in cluster 1 and 501-1000 in cluster 2
• Dedicated NAS array/VLANs per cluster or customer. No VLAN overlap between clusters.
• Example
‒ 5 clusters of 32 ESX hosts (160 hosts total)
‒ Each ESX host has 4 static vNICs (2 per fabric)
‒ Each cluster has 150 VLANs that do not overlap across clusters
‒ Each vNIC carries 150 VLANs
‒ Number of VIFs: 160 x 4 = 640
‒ 8 Ethernet border ports carrying all the VLANs
‒ Number of VLANS: 5 x 150 = 750
‒ PV count = 160 x 2 x 150 + 8 * 750 = 54,000
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Memory – CPU Trade Offs
• VLAN compression automatically groups VLANs that have the same L2
forwarding rules
• VLAN Compression helps to reduce the CPU load on switching
processes during operational state transitions such as port flap
• Because the CPU load is lower, (P,V) limit increased to 64,000
• Because of memory and CPU requirements, can only be done on the
6200 platform
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VLAN Compression
VLAN Compression
Disabled
VLAN Compression
Enabled
Springfield - 6100 14,000 NA
Mammoth - 6200 32,000 64,000
Support for higher P,V Count Limit on 6200 Platform
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VLAN Groups
• Simplify disjoint VLANs
provisioning
• Support org-based VLAN
ownership
• A VLAN Group has a name
• Defined under LAN Cloud
• Created by the network admin
• Contains zero or more VLAN
name references
VLAN Group G1
Lan Cloud
VLAN Group G2
VLAN a
VLAN b
VLAN c
VLAN d
VLAN a
VLAN b
VLAN c
VLAN d
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VLAN Groups
• VLAN Groups can be applied to Ethernet uplink ports
• VLAN membership can be defined once and the group can then be
applied to multiple Ethernet uplink ports.
• VLAN overlaps between disjoint VLANs can be detected easily
• When VLAN membership changes in a VLAN group, VLANs are uniformly
reconfigured across all applicable uplink ports
• Optionally, VLAN Group has a name reference to a native VLAN
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Disjoint VLANs
• Network admin creates VLAN
Group
• Add VLANs (name references) to
group
• Assign uplink port to Group
• Raise faults if there are VLAN
overlaps
• Existing Capitola 2.0 Disjoint
features are retained for backward
compatibility
VLAN Group G1
Lan Cloud
VLAN Group G2
VLAN a
VLAN b
VLAN c
VLAN d
VLAN a
VLAN b
VLAN c
Eth1/2
Eth1/1
Eth1/4
Eth1/3
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Uplink Port Assignment to VLAN Groups
• The diagram below shows an example with disjoint VLANs
• Instead of assigning each uplink port to each individual VLAN, the user
can assign uplink ports to VLAN groups
VLAN Group 1
VLAN 100-200
VLAN Group 2
VLAN 300-600
BIF 1 BIF 2 BIF 3 BIF 1 BIF 2 BIF 3
UCS A UCS B
SP1
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IGMP Querier
• IGMP sent by hosts to express interest in mcast group
• IGMP snooping lets L2 switches learn location of hosts and send mcast
to those interest (avoid flooding)
• IGMP querier lets switch/router periodically probe hosts for group
membership (avoids potential issues where IGMP snooping entry
disappears because of quiet/silent host)
• Before 2.1, IGMP snooping always on and not user configurable
• Before 2.1, no IGMP querier function natively available on UCS
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IGMP Querier
• With 2.1, several new options (end-host mode and switch mode)
‒ IGMP snooping on, Querier on
Queries generated by FI sent downstream only (not on uplink ports) unless FI in switch mode
‒ IGMP snooping on, Querier off
Standard default behavior. Requires external mcast router or querier.
‒ IGMP snooping off, Querier off
FIs flood mcast traffic
‒ IGMP snooping off, Querier on
Invalid and blocked by UCSM
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IGMP Querier
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New server-admin role
• Goal: limit server-admin role to purely server related tasks. Don’t expose
networking (LAN/SAN)
• Works in tandem with new LAN and SAN Connectivity Policies
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LAN/SAN Connectivity Policies
• Determine how LAN or SAN are configured
• Server-admin can reference LAN/SAN conn. policies when creating SPs
• Policies always in updating mode: changes are immediately reflected
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Miscellaneous
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UCS Manager GUI: front-end to the XML API
• All GUI interactions result
in XML messages
• Useful for crafting XML
messages for integration
to 3rd party tools
Windows XP Pro
C:\Documents and Settings\Username\Application Data\Sun\Java\Deployment\log\.ucsm
Windows 7
C:\Documents & Settings\Username\AppData\LocalLow\Sun\Java\Deployment\log\.ucsm
Mac
\home_directory\Library\Caches\Java\log\.ucsm
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCOM-2001 Cisco Public
UCS Manager GUI
“Copy XML” to capture XML output for individual elements
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Built-In XML Object Browser
http://<ucsm>/visore.html
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developer.cisco.com
• UCS Powershell Library
• UCS Python SDK
• UCSPE: UCS Platform Emulator that fully exports the XML API
• SNMP/MIB
• SCOM
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Call to Action
• Visit the Cisco Campus at the World of Solutions to experience Cisco innovations in action
• Get hands-on experience attending one of the Walk-in Labs
• Schedule face to face meeting with one of Cisco’s engineers
at the Meet the Engineer center
• Discuss your project’s challenges at the Technical Solutions Clinics
63
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