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ABDOMEN STUDY GUIDE – INTRO TO PERITONEUM
Abdominal Regions- 4 quadrants:
- Tic-Tac-Toe (9 sections):
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Abdominal Wall - layers of skin, fascia, muscles, etc.- muscles – know general function and innervation- fasciae: Camper’s (fatty), Scarpa’s (membranous), Colles’ (continues off Scarpa’s), etc.
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What are the contents of the Rectus Sheath?Rectus AbdominisIliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal are NOT contents
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What is the origin of the inguinal ligament and what is the clinical significance?
Inguinal Canal- Deep ring = hole in- Superficial ring = hole in- Contentsmale (contents of this?):
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female:
Cremaster Reflex-afferent : stroke medial thigh - __________ branch of __________ n. and/or _______________ n.
- efferent: lift testes - ________ branch of ____________________ n.
Cryptorchidism and Inguinal Canal (CP)- cryptorchidism = failure of testis descent
- testes = immigrants from abdominal cavity -make their way into “evagination of peritoneum” - know important events of the journey (i.e., when it testes being descent, when they finish)
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- tunica vaginalis = double-layered sac of peritoneum that covers testes; also content of sperm. cord - abnormal closure of processus vaginalis - excess fluid in tunica vaginalis
- Females - similar process for ovaries - What leads to formation of ovarian ligament and round (teres) ligament of the uterus?
Umbilical Folds (Ligaments) – remnants of fetal life(CP)- median umbilical fold- medial umbilical fold- lateral umbilical folds form around
Regional Vessels of Abdominal Wall- know origins of blood vessels (i.e., femoral a. superifical circumflex iliac a.)- caput medusae = swollen (varicosed) _______________veins;
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potential cause: liver cirrhosis portal hypertenstion caput medusa
Hernias (CP)- know causes, complications, and possible treatments- umbilical, incisional, epigastric, femoral
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Peritoneumo Look up diagram:
- intraperitoneal organs (surrounded by peritoneum):
- retroperitoneal organs (lie behind peritoneum):
- subperitoneal (infraperitoneal) organs (lie under peritoneum):
* I would study the peritoneum section by constantly referring to an image so that you get a better understanding of where the structure is. Use the name of structure to your advantage i.e., gatrocolic ligament connects stomach (gastro) to transverse colon (colic)
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Important names- epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) -location: - significance?
- Douglas pouch (aka rectouterine pouch aka cul-de-sac) - significance?
- Morison pouch (aka hepatorenal pouch) - significance?
Blood supply and organs of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut:
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What are the function and parts of the nephron? What is the importance of the Juxtaglomerular Complex? What is the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
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What is the Clinical significance of the following: gastric ulcers, vagotomy, and hemigastrectomy? How are all three connected?
What are the four parts of the male urethra? What are the unique characteristics of each?
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