Ubuntu and Linux Terminal Server Project

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Ubuntu and Linux Terminal Server Project Dr. Sameer Verma, Ph.D. Associate Professor Information Systems Department College of Business San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA 94132 USA Ubuntu Community Day, LinuxWorld 2008

Transcript of Ubuntu and Linux Terminal Server Project

Page 1: Ubuntu and Linux Terminal Server Project

Ubuntu and Linux Terminal Server Project

Dr. Sameer Verma, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorInformation Systems DepartmentCollege of BusinessSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CA 94132 USA

Ubuntu Community Day, LinuxWorld 2008

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About

teach: information systems strategy and governanceresearch: diffusion and adoption (open source, mobility)fun: ubuntu, olpc, mythtv, etc.

Me

SF State University

Open Source at SF State http://opensource.sfsu.eduOLPC-SF list http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/olpc-sfOne of the largest live environments of MoodleSoftware Freedom Day 2006, 2007 (and 2008)

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Courses I Teach

Managing Open Source Information Systems elective

Free and Open Source Software in general

Collaborative software development

Licensing Business models Software maturity models

Multimedia App Development Information Systems elective

Use of multimedia applications Graphics, Animation, Desktop 

Publishing, Audio, Video, Web Content creation and licensing Business models

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Managing Open Source

Introduction to FOSS on Windows The Open CD/The Open Disc

Introduction to Ubuntu  Live CDs + voluntary installs Linux Lab with Ubuntu

Introduction to the Open Source “community” Field study: Attend a LUG meeting Guest Speakers

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Multimedia Business Application Development

The experiment Software needed for the class: Approx. $200 Will a student at a public university spend $200 on software for a 

semester? Can FOSS tools adequately fill the need?

Important constraint Choice of tool should be based on the curriculum and not the other 

way around.

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Applications

•GIMP – Bitmapped graphics

• Blender – 3D rendering

• Inkscape – Scalable Vector Graphics

• Audacity – Audio editing and manipulation

• Scribus – Desktop Publishing

• Tux paint – Fun for kids...and grown ups!

• Kino – Non­linear Digital Video Editor

•Drupal* – Web 2.0 CMS

*Server-side

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Examples

• Elephant's Dream

•CG animation made entirely with FOSS

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Assignment

ccmixter.org•Audio assignment based on 

ccmixter.org samples and loops

•Students download vocals, drum loops, effects, etc. and use Audacity to mix and recreate tracks.

•Learn audio tools and legal aspects via Creative Commons licenses

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Our “Linux” Lab

Communication and Advanced Computing Lab Limited/specialty software lab

Dual­boot Windows XP and Linux Windows XP

Simulation Statistical Analysis

Linux GIMP Inkscape Audacity ...

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Lab

Dual boot Ubuntu Dapper and Edgy and Windows XP. Installation and upgrades are labor­intensive. Actively explored LTSP on Edubuntu platform (Feisty and 

Gutsy) Multiboot environment: PXE boot for Linux with Windows XP on 

local disk

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Medusa Project

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Thank you!

Bo Kim – taking up the challenge Jack Tse and Don Strickler – loaning us a switch Tony Chan and Karl Schackne (BUS computing) – for letting 

us use the lab. Edubuntu team – making an excellent LTSP distro!

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What is LTSP?

Linux Terminal Server Project Allows “thin” clients to connect to a Linux Terminal Server.

All programs run on the server  Clients run a thin Linux base with network and X session capabilities.

LTSP allows for a single point of configuration and control Great for lab environments

LTSP until 4.x LTSP 5

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A “thin” client performs a Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) boot and retrieves an IP from the LTSP server via DHCP. /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf points to a bootable img file Note location of the dhcpd.conf file

DHCP response

PXE DHCP request

How it works

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How it works

A small footprint Linux image is sent to the thin client computer via TFTP.

The client loads the Linux image and starts the X window system via secure shell (ssh) client images and server have ssh keys

X session forwarded over ssh

DHCP response + TFTP Linux image

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How it works

All programs execute in a X session on the server, but are forwarded via ssh and displayed on the thin client.

Feedback from the user (keyboard & mouse) are sent back to the server over ssh as well.

X session forwarded over ssh

mouse+keyboard

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What Does it Look Like?

192.168.0.0/24

eth1 eth0

SFSU130.212.14.0/24

firewall

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Hardware Requirements

Server CPU should be powerful enough to run multiple simultaneous X 

sessions.  Intel Xeon processor(s). 75­150MB of RAM per client. 2 Network Interface Cards Private interface preferably Gigabit

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Hardware Requirements

Client Minimum

Pentium II with 64 MB RAM and a 2MB display card. Recommended

Pentium II and above with 64MB RAM and 4MB display card. Identical hardware for each client preferred

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Networking Requirements

Network Avoid

Hubs 10­BaseT cards

Preferred: 100 Mbps switch 100­BaseT cards 

Ideal: Gigabit switch. 100 Mbps switch with 1 Gbps uplink to the LTSP server.

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Software Requirements

A Linux distribution with or without LTSP included. LTSP (if not installed natively)OR

LTSP 5  LTSP 5 is significantly different Builds thin­client environment off of the server environment.

sudo apt-get install... sudo chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/

sudo apt-get update...

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Software Requirements

Four services running on the LTSP server: DHCP for IP address leases TFTP for initial netboot kernel NBD for filesystems SSH for all communication on the LAN

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.0.20 192.168.0.250; option domain-name "sfsu.edu"; option domain-name-servers 130.212.10.163; option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; option routers 192.168.0.254; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; if substring( option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9 ) = "PXEClient" { filename "/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.0"; } else{ filename "/ltsp/i386/nbi.img"; } option root-path "/opt/ltsp/i386";

}

/etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf

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Advantages 

Diskless clients

Highly centralized

patches firewalling

Cost effective

Customized profiles

LDAP auth Change lab footprint as needs grow

Invest in powerful server

Need a fast network

Documentation is weak

Many references to LTSP 4.x Latency sensitive apps will not work 

well, especially multimedia

Disadvantages 

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Thin Client Scenario

Client Server

Pentium II128 MB RAM

Pentium 44 GB RAM

Distribution of “crunch”

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Fat Client Scenario

Client Server

Pentium III512 MB RAM

Pentium III512 MB RAM

Distribution of “crunch”

Individual installs

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Lowfat Client Scenario

Client Server

Pentium 42 GB RAM

Pentium III1 GB RAM

Distribution of “crunch”

PXE Boot images

LDAP + NFS

•Authentication•Storage •Configuration•Backup

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Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)

Alternate CD At boot screen, hit F4 and select LTSP server If your server has two NICs, the installation is seamless You will be ready to boot into a thin client after the install

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LTSP 5

Many more options for building images Default image is a thin client based on what's running on the server Custom images (lowfat, kiosk, mythbuntu...)

sudo ltsp-build-client --workstation --Kubuntusudo ltsp-build-client --workstation --Ubuntusudo ltsp-build-client --kiosksudo ltsp-build-client --mythbuntu...

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LTSP and Sugar

sudo apt-get install sugar*

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Ten steps for fun and profit!

1)Get the alternate CD http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/8.04/ 

2)Get a machine (PIII will do) with two NICs

3)Boot from CD

4)Hit F4 at the boot screen

5)Select LTSP Server

6)Install

7)Plug in a crossover CAT5 into eth1

8)Plug in a PXE Bootable client into the other end

9)Boot

10)Profit!

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Links to check out

http://ltsp.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPQuickInstall 

http://edubuntu.org/Documentation

http://doc.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/edubuntu/handbook/C/customizing­thin­client.html

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPFatClients

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Contact