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U U A A B B - - E E C C T T C C 2 2 0 0 1 1 4 4 P P R R O O C C E E E E D D I I N N G G S S Proceedings of the 14 th Annual Early Career Technical Conference School of Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, USA November 1-2, 2014 Proceedings - Volume 13

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Proceedings of the 14th Annual Early Career Technical Conference

School of Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, USA November 1-2, 2014

Proceedings - Volume 13

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 ii

D R A F T

UAB – ECTC 2014 EARLY CAREER TECHNICAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Volume 13

Presented at The 14th Annual Early Career Technical Conference

School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)

Birmingham, Alabama November 1-2, 2014

Sponsored by

University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) – School of Engineering The ASME Old Guard

ECTC Professional and Educational T/F

Technical Committee Dr. J. Donnell

Dr. P. Durbetaki

Chair of Coordinating Committee Dr. David L. Littlefield

For more information about ECTC 2014 visit: http://www.uab.edu/engineering/home/departments-research/me/conferences

UAB SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING - DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham AL 35294-4461

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 iii

EDITORIAL BOARD

Pandeli Durbetaki, PhD Jeffrey Donnell, PhD Editor-in-Chief Editor

Co-Editors Associate Editors

Mir M. Atiqullah, PhD Mohammed Ali, PhD, CMS Ram A. Goel, PhD, PE Bryan Eldridge Brian C. Gray, PE Venkat Goli, PhD P. Raju Mantena, PhD Gerald Jones, PhD, PE Hardayal Mehta, PhD, PE Adeel Khalid, PhD

Ramana Pidaparti, PhD William E. Long, Jr., PE Robert W. Pitz, PhD Dale McDonald, PhD

Robert Taylor, PhD Kevin McFall, PhD Brian Munn, PhD Deepak J. Negandhi, PE Rambod Rayegan, PhD

© Copyright 2014 by UAB, School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-4461 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. UAB, School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or printed in its publications. For more information go to:

http://www.uab.edu/engineering/home/departments-research/me/conferences

ISBN 978-1-4951-3251-3

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 iv

FOREWORD “Proceedings” of UAB ECTC 2014 - 14th Annual Early Career Technical Conference

November 01 – 02, 2014

One of the primary objectives of ASME is dissemination of technical information. Pursuant to this goal the ASME Southeastern Region (Region XI) initiated the Graduate Student Technical Conferences (GSTC) in 1991 when Dr. P. Durbetaki was the Vice President of Region XI; it was held in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. The Regional Technical Conference (RTC) was initiated in 2001 by the Regional Vice President Dr. K. R. Rao and with the help of the Region XI Operating Board.

The first RTC was held on April 6, 2002, in Jackson, Mississippi with the participation of students across all five states (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee and Mississippi) of the former ASME Region XI. The quality of the reviewed papers, published in the four volumes of the Regional Technical Journal from 2002 through 2006, called for this Conference to be renamed in 2006 as the Early Career Technical Conference (ECTC) indicating the changing demands of the times. On October 6 and 7, 2006 ECTC was held, in Jackson, MS with a robust support of Entergy Operations, Inc. In 2007, for the first time, ECTC was held in a University, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL. ECTC 2008 was also held at FIU, Miami, Florida with invitations being extended to all of the Universities invited for ECTC 2007. Dr. Yong Tao was the Chair, Technical Committee and Editor for ECTC 2007 and Dr. Sabri Tosunoglu for ECTC 2008. The generous financial support of ASME Old Guard funded the honoraria and the financial support of all the sponsors even offset a part of the travel expenses of the paper presenters attending these conferences.

The success of the preceding ASME District F Early Career Technical Conferences prompted the organizers to look beyond the frontiers of the District F; District F comprises of VA, NC, SC, GA, FL, TN. AL and MS. For the ECTC 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and the current ECTC 2014 invitations were sent to universities within and external to the US boundaries. ECTC 2014 has 38 paper presenters. The Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) hosted the ECTC 2013 and is hosting and sponsoring the current ECTC 2014 conference. Editorial Board of the “ECTC 2014 Proceedings” established an elaborate review process similar to the process used by ASME Technical Divisions. Papers were distributed to Co-Editors and Associate Editors of the Editorial Board based on their areas of expertise, and they obtained reviews for each paper by expert reviewers in the field. The Editorial Board made a significant effort to ensure that the review process for each paper followed the criteria and deadlines. Because of this rigorous requirement, the papers submitted were accepted for presentation only after corrections were made based on reviewers’ comments. “Proceeding of ECTC 2014” is a compilation of thirty six (36) reviewed and accepted technical papers from the US and Asia.

David. L. Littlefield, PhD Chair, ECTC 2014

P. Durbetaki, PhD, Life Fellow ASME Co-Chair, ECTC 2014

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 v

D R A F T

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UAB ECTC 2014 - Early Career Technical Conference Proceedings

November, 2014 Many individuals contributed to the success of this Early Career Technical Conference and this UAB ECTC 2014 Proceedings. The Steering Committee expresses gratitude and appreciation to ……… . .

-- 2014 UAB ECTC 2014 Steering and Conference Committees--

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 vi

The UAB ECTC 2014 (Early Career Technical Conference) Committee and Technical Proceedings Editorial Board Express their Appreciation to the Following Sponsors for Supporting ECTC 2014

Mechanical Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham

ECTC Professional & Educational T/F

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 vii

Table of Contents

INSIDE COVER iii

EDITORIAL BOARD iv

FOREWORD v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi

SPONSORS vii SECTION 1 BIO-MEDICAL / BIOENGINEERING

1. Stephanie B Collins and Ramana M. Pidaparti 3 PAPER-BASED MICROFLUIDIC LOW-COST DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES

2. Mitchell A. Lynn and Ramana M. Pidaparti 7 DESIGN CONCEPTS MIMICKING A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM: NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX

3. Matthew Amrit, Kanji Yamamoto, Ramana M. Pidaparti, Leidong Mao Lisa Feldman and Bruce Mathern 9

A PROTOTYPE MICROPUMP MODEL FOR POTENTIAL HYDROCEPHALUS TREATMENT OPTIONS

SECTION 2

MATERIALS

4. Kiyun Kim, P. Raju Mantena and Veera M. Boddu 14 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF WOVEN FIBER-GLASS COMPOSITES WITH EMBEDDED VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANO TUBES (VACNT)

5. D. Stoddard, Kiyun Kim and P. Raju Mantena 19

LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT CHARACTERIZATION OF ARMORED GLASS

6. R. C. Salter and J. D. Richardson 24 A COUPLE-STRESS FORMULATION FOR SMOOTHLY HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA

7. Ryan C. Knott, Sheldon M. Jeter, Said I. Abdel-Khalik and Dennis L. Sadowski 31 HIGH TEMPERATURE DURABILITY OF METALS FOR USE IN A PARTICLE HEATING RECEIVER FOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER

8. Soheil Daryadel, Damian L. Stoddard and Arunachalam M. Rajendran 36 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF GLASS UNDER HIGH-STRAIN RATE COMPRESSION LOADING

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 viii

9. D. Stoddard, P. Raju Matena, P. G. Allison and R. D. Moser 41 QUASI-STATIC AND HIGH-STRAIN RATE CHARACTERIZATION OF METAKAOLIN AND FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMERS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

SECTION 3

DYNAMIC SYSTEMS & CONTROL 10. Nikhil Ollukaren and Kevin McFall 49

LOW-COST PLATFORM FOR AUTONOMOUS GROUND VEHICLE RESEARCH

11. Hadi Fekrmandi and Ibrahim Nur Tansel 55 LASER SCANNING VIBROMETER FOR REMOTE PROCESS PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS

12. Kevin S. McFall and David J. Tran 61 VISUAL LANE DETECTION ALGORITHM USING THE PERSPECTIVE TRANSFORM

13. Mostafa Salama and Vladimir V. Vantsevich 68 ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF A UGV STOCHASTIC DISTURBANCE LOAD AND WHEEL TORQUE

SECTION 4 ENERGY GENERATION & CONVERSION

14. Gerardo Flores, Justin Rine and Farshid Zabihian 81 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER

15. Jacob D. Bowen and Farshid Zabihian 87 GEOTHERMAL HEATING AND COOLING FROM ABANDONED COAL MINES IN WEST VIRGINIA

16. Matthew Golob, Clayton Nguyen, Robert Gill, Sheldon Jeter and Said Abdel-Khalik 92 SOLAR SIMULATOR TEST OF WIRE MESH PARTICLE HEATING RECEIVER TO MEASURE RECEIVER EFFICIENCY

17. Alex Perry, Tavon Johnson, Andrew Thaxton and Farshid Zabihian 98 APPLICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES IN WEST VIRGINIA

18. Garron Ross, Farshid Zabihian and Asad Davari 103 DESIGN AND COMMISSIONING OF RENEWABLE RESOURCE POWER

GENERATION SYSTEMS AND TESTING PROCEDURES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH CAPABILITIES AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

19. Andrew Lytton, Raúl F. Torres, Greg Hawk and Farshid Zabihian 108 STUDY OF WAVE ENERGY IN THE USA BY DIVIDING AMERICAN COASTS TO SIX REGIONS

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 ix

SECTION 5 NUMERICAL METHODS

20. R. C. Salter, K. J. Webb, A. V. Phan and T. C. Rich 115

A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE SYNTHESIS, DEGRADATION, AND SPATIAL SPREAD OF cAMP

21. David A. Cooper and David L. Littlefield 121

A PROPOSED RETURN ALGORITHM FOR ELASTOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS 22. Gerald Pekmezi, David Littlefield and Bradley Martin 126

IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE RHT CONCRETE MODEL 23. Raghu Arambakam, Ramana M. Pidaparti, Angela M. Reynolds and Rebecca L. Heise 134

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANSLYSIS OF TYPICAL LOWER LUNG BIFURCATIONS UNDER MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND NORMAL BREATHING

24. Dawn A. Dagen, Raghu Arambakam, and Ramana M. Pidaparti 142

PREDICTION OF NATURAL MODE SHAPES AND FREQUENCIES OF LUNG AIRWAYS USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

25. Gerald Pekmezi, David Littlefield, Stephen Akers and Kent Danielson 150 GRAVITATIONAL STABILIZATION METHODS FOR HYDROCODES

SECTION 6 FLUIDS ENGINEERING

26. Clayton Nguyen, Jonathan Roop, Ryan Knott, S.I. Abdel-Khalik, Sheldon Jeter and Hany Al-Ansary 159 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF PARTICLE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN PARTICLE HEATING RECIEVERS

27. Aniket Bhave and Hessam Taherian 165

AERODYNAMICS OF INTERCITY BUS AND ITS IMPACT ON CO2 REDUCTIONS

28. Haylie Ballard, Andrew Brenner, Kaleb Acree and Farshid Zabihian 173 IMPROVING COMPRESSORS’ EFFICIENCY THROUGH MODERNIZATION

SECTION 7

DESIGN & MANUFACTURING

29. Kenzo Repole and Sheldon Jeter 181 PRELIMINARY COMMERCIAL DESIGN FOR TRANSPORTING LOW TEMPERATURE PARTICLES FOR USE IN PARTICLE SOLAR RECEIVERS USING LIFTING SKIPS

30. Daniel Frank, Andrew Gray and Eric Schwartz 185 PROPAGATOR 2: A PLANING AUTONOMOUS SURFACE VEHICLE WITH AZIMUTH RIM-DRIVEN THRUSTERS

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 x

31. Bennett R. Stedwell, Ada A. Odey and Kevin McFall 191

DESIGN RATIONALE FOR SUBZERO

32. Bo Cheng, Xibing Gong, Xiaoqing Wang and Kevin Chou 196 THERMAL ANALYSIS, MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND NANOINDENTATION FOR ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

SECTION 8

HEAT TRANSFER 33. Aniket Bhave, Hessam Taherian and Milad Majdi 207

USE OF CFD FOR VENTILATION AND THERMAL COMFORT OF A MULTI-LEVEL ATRIUM BUILDING (BARBER VINTAGE MOTOR SPORT MUSEUM)

34. Justin Hill, Mary Clark Noble and Hessam Taherian 215 WATER HEATING OPTIONS AT McWANE SCIENCE CENTER - BIRMINGHAM, AL

35. Jonathan Roop, Clayton Nguyen, Said Abdel-Khalik and Sheldon Jeter 220 DEVELOPMENT OF A FLUENT MODEL FOR PARTICLE FLOW THROUGH A POROUS PARTICLE-HEATING RECEIVER

SECTION 9 MISCELLENEOUS 36. Chaudhri Usman and Kendrick Aung 229

INFLUENCE OF FLUID RHEOLOGY ON THE PISTON CYLINDER OIL FILM DEVELOPMENT AND PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION CONSIDERING MEDIUM SPEED EFFECTS IN INITIAL ENGINE START UP

37. Magdalena Krstanoski 236 SOME PROJECT MANEGEMENT CHALLENGES WHEN PLANNING TO CONDUCT VERTICAL TRASPORT STUDY

38. Shalin Shah, Nisarg Patel, Kirtan Khajanchi and Vimal Savsani 241 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AIR POWERED ENGINE

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 xi

UAB School of Engineering - ECTC 2014 Proceedings - Vol. 13 xii