U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat...
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Endocrine System
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Consists of three components:
❶
❷
❸
Glands
Transport system
Signal molecules
specialized cells - produce and secrete chemical signal molecules (hormones)
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primarily bloodstream - signal molecules can travel throughout body
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chemicals that can be used to transmit a message-
Endocrine System
- molecules released within body are called hormones- - molecules released outside are pheromones (there is
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Endocrine System
❶ Steroid hormones- type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings
- affect receptors within cytoplasm of target cell
affect receptors on membrane of target cells
specific sequence of amino acids
❷ Protein hormones-
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Hormone - produced in a gland and moves to all parts of body through bloodstreamOnly affects target organ2 classes of hormones:- Differ in chemical structure and action
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progesteroneestrogen
testosterone
Steroid Hormones
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The hormone-receptor complex moves into the nucleus.
Protein synthesis is initiated.
Steroid HormonesSteroid hormones are fat soluble - can move through cell membraneAttach to receptor molecules within cytoplasmHormone-receptor complex then moves into nucleusAffect protein synthesis of target cell
receptor
steroid hormone
protein
nucleus
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Protein Hormones
Insulin
Adrenaline
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Protein Hormones
protein hormone
receptor
ATP
cyclic AMP
activates enzymes
Activates enzymes in cytoplasm - alters target cell
Protein hormones attach to receptors on membrane of target cellStimulated receptors cause conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP
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Glands of Endocrine System
pineal
We will
discuss these
glands later
on!!!
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The Pituitary Gland
Anterior and posterior pituitary secrete specific hormones
Pituitary called “master gland” - hormones that it secretes have an affect on other glands of body
Pituitary gland - pea-sized structure in brain that hangs from hypothalamus
Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to secrete hormones
Anterior pituitary - secretes six hormones, some of which drive hormone secretion from other glands
Posterior pituitary - stores and releases two hormones
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posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
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Glands of Endocrine SystemGland Function of Hormone(s)
ThyroidControl metabolism and regulates growth and
development
Parathyroid Regulate concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in blood
AdrenalMedulla
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine - control body’s response to stress
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol - regulates blood glucose levelAldosterone - regulates salt-water balance
Pineal Melatonin - regulate biological rhythms
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Anterior Pituitary ProblemsGrowth hormone (GH)stimulates cell division, protein synthesis, and bone growth - allows for body growth
Pituitary Dwarfs - caused by deficiencies in GH during childhood
Pituitary Giants - caused by overproduction in GH during childhood or adolescents usually caused by a tumour