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1. What is likely to reflect more heat: snow or water? Why?

2. What is likely to absorb more heat: snow or water? Why?

3. Based on #1 and #2 above – Besides rising water levels, what effect does a melting ice shelf have on global climate?

April 28, 2008

DRILL

Snow. Lighter colors reflects more light than darker colors.

Water. Darker colors absorb more heat than lighter colors.

Reflective ice shelves become water that absorbs heat; this absorbed heat will heat up global climate.

UNIT 3 – Engineering Design

Engineering, the systematic application of mathematical, scientific, and technical principles, produces tangible end products that meet our needs and desires.

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UNIT 3 – Engineering Design

a. Getting familiar with the Big Idea

b. The Design Process

c. Core Technologies

d. Mechanical Technology

e. Electrical Technology

f. Fluid Technology

g. Thermal Technology

h. Optical Technology

i. Materials Technology

j. (Biotechnology)

Fluid Technology

PURPOSE OF SUB-UNIT

• To familiarize students with the functioning and applications of optical, material, and bio- technology systems.

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Technology

What is technology?

The application of knowledge, tools, and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities.

What is a technology system?

A Technology System is a group of subsystems working together to solve problems and extend human capabilities.

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• The “building blocks” of all technology systems

CORE TECHNOLOGIES

Fluid Technology

Core Technologies

Mechanical

Structural Electrical

Electronic Thermal

Fluid Optical

Bio-Tech Material

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• The technology of producing light; using light for information collecting, storing, retrieving, processing and communicating; and using light to do work.

Example applications: •Lightbulb, •Light-emitting diode, •Lenses to magnify or reduce, •Laser speed detector, •Laser compact disk, •Fiber-optic telephone communication, •Laser cutting tools, •Laser surgical instruments.

Optical Technology

Optical Technology

How is controlling light useful

to humans?

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Optical Technology

Are these examples of optical technology? Why?

1. Eyeglasses and contact lenses2. Lenses for TV, movie, and photographic camera3. Photocopiers and fax machines4. Binoculars and telescopes5. Microscopes and magnifiers6. Projectors (overhead, movie, slide, TV)7. CD players8. Supermarket product-code laser scanners 9. Weather and spy satellites10. Medical systems (to look inside the body)11. Solar energy systems

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Optical Technology

There are 3 basic ways to control light:

1. Block it

2. Reflect it

3. Bend it

What happens to the blocked light?

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Optical Technology

There are 3 basic ways to create light:

1. Heat

2. Electrical Reaction

3. Chemical Reaction

The Sun, a light bulb, fire

FireflyLight-emitting Diode (LED)

10% Energy converted to

Light

90% Energy converted to

Light

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Optical Technology

What is white light?

White light is regular light from the sun or from a light bulb.

White light contains all the colors of the rainbow, but you have to split it up to see this.

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Optical Technology

How do you “split up” white light?

You can split up white light by using a prism.

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•The light released is monochromatic. It contains one specific wavelength of light (monochromatic = one color).

•The wavelength of light is determined by the amount of energy released when the photon is emitted.

•The light is very directional. A laser light has a very tight beam and is very strong and concentrated.

Optical Technology

What is a laser?

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•Lasers can be focused on a very small spot and can shine for long distances without spreading out very much, unlike a flashlight, which spreads out a lot.

•The spot contains a lot of energy—so much energy that some lasers can cut through thick metal, and smaller ones are used as scalpels.

•Lasers can also send information through long threads of glass called optical fibers. A single laser can send thousands of phone conversations through a fiber at the same time.

Optical Technology

What is a laser?

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• The technology of using, adapting, and altering organisms and biological processes for a desired outcome.

Example applications •“Stain-eating” enzymes in detergent, •Bacteria “leaching” metals from ore, •Altering plant genes to produce better crops (Genetically Modified agriculture)•Oil-eating microbes used in oil spill remediation

Biotechnology

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Biotechnology

Application in 4 major industrial areas:

1. Health care (medical)

2. Food processing and agriculture

3. Non-food uses of crops and other products

4. Environmental uses

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Biotechnology

1. Health care (medical)1. Tailor-made medicines – drugs based on molecules

associated with specific genes and diseasesMaximum therapeutic effects, minimum damage to nearby cells

2. Better vaccines – safer vaccines can be designed an produced by organisms transformed by means of genetic engineering

3. Cheaper medication – less expensive, more stable, easier to store medication

4. Biomedical engineering – medical imaging, signal processing, biomechanics, biomaterials, prostheses, medical devices, MRIs, EEGs…

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Biotechnology

2. Food processing and agriculture1. Improved yield from crops – one or two genes may be

transferred to a highly developed crop variety to increase yield (product)

2. Reduced vulnerability of crops to stress – withstand drought, cold, heat, insects, etc.

3. Increased nutritional qualities

4. Improved taste, texture, or appearance of food – stay fresh longer

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Biotechnology

3. Non-food uses of crops and other products1. Bio-degradable plastics – plastics that will decompose

in the natural environment

2. Biofuel – solid, liquid, or gas fuel derived from biological material

Biomass, Vegetable Oil, Bio-diesel, Bio-alcohol, etc.

3. Bacteria “leaching” metals from ore – extracting specific metals from ores using bacteria

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Biotechnology

4. Environmental Uses

1. Bioremediation – for example, oil-eating microbes used in oil spill remediation

2. Phytoremediation – de-polluting contaminated soils, water, or air with plants

3. Mycoremediation – de-polluting contaminated soils, water, or air with mushrooms (decompose)

1. Identify 3 optical technologies and 2 biotechnologies not mentioned in class today

2. Identify the problem that the technology system solves

3. List the technological subsystems that are used in the technology

4. Identify the technology that preceded it (i.e. what was used before the technology was invented?)

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