UNIT:2 LESSON: 4&6GRAMMAR

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

When do we use present perfect?

• General time/ not specific.• The time is unknown (you don’t

know or say when it happened).• We use the p.p (v3).• Examples: • I’ve read the book. General time• I’ve done my project. General time

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

Present perfect form:Noun+ have/has + past participle(V3) + object.

Ahmad has read the books.

The books have been read.

Present perfect passive form:

Object + has/have+ been + past participle(V3).

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

Taking out which, that and whoThe house which is built in 1998 is very bigRule: {S + (who/which/that) +h.v + p.p(V3)}

The house built in 1988 is very big.Rule: { S + p.p(v3)+ the rest of the sentence}

NOTE: When we omit (which, that and who) we should omit the helping verb, and the meaning remain the same .And if the sentence with comma we should omit it.

The house, which is built in 1998, is very big

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

(present perfect) change to passive:

• Some scientists have examined blood.

• The cat has drunk the milk. • My friend has grown a tree in the school garden.

• We have built a new house. • My sister has cooked food today .

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

(present perfect Passive):Blood have been examined.

The milk has been drunk.

A tree has been grown.

A new house has been built.

Food has been cooked.

When do we use present perfect?

• General time/ not specific.• The time is unknown (you don’t

know or say when it happened).• We use the p.p (v3).• Examples: • I’ve read the book. General time• I’ve done my project. General time

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

Shorten the clause with who, which, and that…

1. The students who were sent to England learned to speak excellent English .

2. The quantity of mail that is handled by the postal service has increased .

3. KSU’s new campus ,which was opened in 1984,is very beautiful .

4. The Islamic University ,which is located in Madinah,has about 5,500 students .

5. Riyadh which was captured by King A.Aziz became the capital of Saudi Arabia.

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

The answers are…….

1. The students sent to England learned to speak excellent English .

2. The quantity of mail handled by the postal service has increased .

3. KSU’s new campus opened in 1984is very beautiful .

4. The Islamic University located in Madinah has about 5,500 students .

5. Riyadh captured by King A.Aziz became the capital of Saudi Arabia.

Present perfect form:

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

Noun+ have/has + past participle(V3) + object.

Ahmad has read the books.

The books have been read.

Present perfect passive form:

Object + has/have+ been + past participle(V3).

Taking out which, that and who

this presentation was prepared by Mrs. Kholood Yossof Torjoman

The house which is built in 1998 is very bigRule: {S + (who/which/that) +h.v + p.p(V3)}

The house built in 1988 is very big.Rule: { S + p.p(v3)+ the rest of the sentence}

NOTE: When we omit (which, that and who) we should omit the helping verb, and the meaning remain the same .And if the sentence with comma we should omit it.

The house, which is built in 1998, is very big

Bye bye See you next class