U13 Lesson 2
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Transcript of U13 Lesson 2
Beaker
Bunsen burner
Clamp stand
Test tube
Experiment
Microscope
Tripod
Goggles
Objectives• Identify the difference between animal cells and
plant cells.• Explain the structure and function of the
specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.
Organ
Cell
Organ System
Tissue
Organelle
Organism
Nucleus
Muscle cellMuscle
HeartCirculatory system
Human
As cells have lots of different functions
they are often specialised to do a particular job. This
means that they have special features that
make them well adapted at carrying out these functions.
Examples of Specialised Cells
AnimalMuscle cellNerve cellWhite blood cellRed blood cellOvum (egg cell)Fat cellSpermCiliated epithelial cell
Plant
Leaf palisade cell
Root hair cell
Guard cell
Xylem cell
Type of Cell Function Special features
To carry oxygen Large surface area for haemoglobin to join with O2
To conduct nerve impulses to facilitate action
Can carry electrical signals
To join with sperm and nourish new cells forming
Contains lots of cytoplasm
To reach female cell Long tail for movement
TASK! 5 minutes!
A section through a liver cell (animal cell)
TASK: Draw this and label it from memory
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
DNA
controls what enters and leaves the cell
metabolic (chemical) reactions occur here
contains the DNA and so controls the cell
contains the coded instructions to make proteins
Section through a palisade cell of a leaf (plant cell)
cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
chloroplast
large sap vacuole
cellulose cell wall
Comparing animal and plant cells
Found in both animal and plant cells
Found only in plant cells
cell membrane cellulose cell wall
nucleus large sap vacuole
cytoplasm chloroplast
An organ is a structure made of a group of
tissues working together to perform specific
functions
Plant organs include the stem and the leaves
heart
stomach
lungs liver
brain kidneys
An organ system is a group of organs that coordinate to perform related
functions
TASK – name the systems from left to right!
In plants the shoot is an organ system consisting of leaves and the stem
lymphaticsystem
respiratorysystem
digestivesystem
excretorysystem
reproductivesystem
muscularsystem
skeletalsystem
nervoussystem
endocrinesystem
circulatorysystem
Levels of organisation
nerve cell nervous tissue
brain nervoussystem
Homosapiens
smallest largest
cell tissue organ organsystems
organism
Now you should be able to:
• Identify the difference between animal cells and plant cells.
• Explain the structure and function of the specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.
Practical Time• Please put on a lab coat• Make sure all bags are out of the way• You will need a pen and paper!
Did your cheek cell look like this?
The cells seen are squamous epithelial cells from the outer epithelial layer of the mouth. The small blue dots are bacteria from our teeth and mouth.
Homework!For next week:
• Research the microstructure of the cell, Including all the organelles we have spoken about today.
• Bring a list of organelles and a diagram of each to next weeks lesson.
