IOP5

5-Nov 1200 UTC

-700-hPa temp KSLC -9.5C-lake-700hPa diff = 19.7C-layer mean 850-700 hPa RH above 80%-Saturated, moist-adiabatic conditions below 650 hPa

KSLC 1200 UTC Antelope Island 1200 UTC

IOP6: 12-13 Nov 1400-0400 UTC

12-Nov 1500 UTC

-Frontal passage occurred at 1240 UTC 12 Nov.-Post-frontal orographic enhancement

12-Nov 1500 UTC 12-Nov 1800 UTC

12-Nov 2030 UTC 12-Nov 2200 UTC

IOP 7: 13-Nov 0700 – 1730 UTC- Second shortwave trough; orographic precipitation

13-Nov 1200 UTC 13-Nov 1500 UTC

IOP 8: 18-19 Nov 2300 – 1030 UTC

19-Nov 0300 UTC

19-Nov 0000 UTC 19-Nov 0300 UTC

19- Nov 0500 UTC 19-Nov 0700 UTC

NEXRAD SPECS-Promontory Point, 2004msl-radar located 500m above the DOW site in IOPs 6,7, and 8-0.5 degree scan means beam at least 1km over DOW site

DOW - Center for Severe Weather Research and National Science Foundation - 3.2cm wavelength- 0.4 microsecond pulse / 2500Hz Pulse Repetition Frequency- 60 m along radial resolution / 48 km range- 19.6 m/s maximum unambiguous velocity- Dual-polarized Doppler radar- IOP 5: 40.63 N and 112.05 W, 1553msl- IOP 6,7,8: 40.56 N and 112.02 W, 1504msl- Horizontal Reflectivity:

- measure of the fraction of the transmitted signal that is reflected by hydrometeors in a volume of the radar beam.

- Differential Reflectivity (ZDR):-mathematical difference between the horizontally polarized pulse and the vertically polarized pulse-Positive:

-horizontal axis of hydrometeors is bigger than the vertical axis-Negative:

-vertical axis of hydrometeors is bigger than the horizontal axis-hail, graupel

-Zero:-spherical hydrometeors-equal numbers of prolate and oblate hydrometeors-largest hydrometeors are spherical-or just appear spherical

- Doppler Velocity:- Measuring the frequency shift of the returned beam signal compared to the transmitted beam to derive the along radial moving hydrometeor velocity.

- Correlation Coefficient:- The correlation coefficient (ρHV) is literally the statistical correlation of the power, S, from the returning co-polar vertical beam and the returning co-polar horizontal beam.

- Differential Phase Shift: - Differential phase shift (ΦDP) is a measure of the phase shift in the horizontal beam minus the phase shift of the vertical beam. The beam experiences phase shift because the material encountered by the beam will slow the propagation of the wave.

- Specific Differential Phase Shift

- Specific differential phase shift (KDP) is one half of the range derivative of the ΦDP. KDP reveals the along beam gradient of the phase shift. It reveals where the phase shift is occurring along the beam.

-Clutter removal:-Velocities over 40 m/s or between -0.1 and 0.1 m/s-Normalized Coherent Power (NCP) greater than 0.25 removed

MRR- 2785 msl- between 174 and 175 RHI scans for IOP 8- 1.25cm wavelength

HYVIS-2990 msl- just south of 175 RHI