I

AD

CCL REPORT NO. 254

0 PROGRESS REPORT

RELIABILITY OF THE TEMPERATURE-FLOW-CORROSION UNIT

IN ANTIFREEZE STUDIES

BY DDCJAMES H. CONLEY DEC 3 1 7168

AND r6 ;CAPT. AUTHUR B. KREWINGHAUS 8

NOVEMBER 1968

.&..f *," . : F *W,-,

DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

U. S. ARMY CGAfING & CHEMICAL LABORATORYAberdeen Proving Ground

Maryland

CLEARINGHOUSE

ll at(n ',Lrr f, !;,,' I

II -I i i i i , I I i

U °

UNCLASS IF lED ,

CCL REPORT NO. 254

PROGRESS REPORT

REL lAB IL ITY OF THE TEMPERATURE-FLOW-CORROS ION UNIT

IN ANTIFREEZE STUDIES

BY

JAMES H. CONLEY

AND

CAPT. AUTHUR B. KREWINGHAUS

NOVEMBER 1968

AMCMS CODE NO. 5025.11.80300

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PROJECT NUMBER

IG02440 IA 109

U. S. ARMY COATING AND CHEMICAL LABORATORYABERDEEN PROVING GROUND

MARYLAND

DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

U 1LASS IF lED

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the reliabilityof the Tamporature-Fow-Corroslon Unit (TFCU) In obtaining heat transferdate and corrosion data on antifreeze compounds.

Tests conducted In tiIs study employed antifreeze meeting FederalSpecification O-A-54a with added Federal Specification 0-1-490ainhibitor. Quantitative metal ion concentration was determined by anatomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Oscillographic scanning of the wave forms produced by the elecztronicpower unit under load indicate a fallacy in the volt meter and ammeterscale readings.

The results show that the use of the TFCU for heat transferproperties of antifreeze compounds is not feasible due to the fact thatthey do not necessarily correlate with results produced in an automotivecolIng system.

The results also Indicate that a loss in thermal conductivityresulting from corrosion product deposition on a metal surface can beovershadowed by the effect of Increased surface rouqhness on fluidturbulence. Resultant heat transfer rates can Increase as the corrosionproducts are deposited.

ti

9| ,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

TITLE PAGE..............................................

ABSTRACT................................................... ii

INTRODUCTION................................................

DETAWLS OF TEST............................................. - 2

RESULTS OF TEST............................................2 - 3

DISCUSSION.................................................3 - 6

CONCLUSIONS................................................6

RECOMMENDATION.............................................6

REFERENCES.................................................6 - 7

DISTRIBUTION LIST..........................................8 - 9

APPENDIX A............................................... 10

Tables I - IV............................................10-- 13

APPENDIX B.............................................. 1

GRAPHS I - VI............................................14 - 19

APPENDIX C.................................................20

FIGURE 1.................................................20

DO FORM 1473...............................................21

I. INTRODUCTION

The U. S. Army Coating and Chemical Laboratory was directed by AMCProgram Directive, AIICHS Code 5025.11.80300 dated 22 September 1967 toconduct research on automotive coolants.

In the past, evaluation of coolants involved three phases ofqualification: glassware bench corrosion tests, simulated servicetests, and vehicle field tests. The Temperature-Flow-Corrosion Unitwas designed as a single unit which would rapidly produce resultscorrelating with results received in the three phase testing presentlypracticed. If correlation is received the number of tests, which atpresent are essentil& to properly evaluate an automotive coolant, couldbe substantially reduced.

After Installing the unit a program of study was initiated todetermine the capabilities, mechanical variables, and test limits ofthe machine. The preliminary results were reported in CCL Report No.205. This report covers the tests conducted in the interim.

II. DETAILS OF TEST

A. Apparatus - In its simplest configuration the heat transferchamber of the TFCU consists of a vertical 10.6 inch long annulus. Theouter wall is glass and has a diameter of 2.25 inches. In the centeris a heat rejecting rod, 0.25 inch in diameter, made of a special alloysteel which exhibits corrosion properties similar to the cast iron usedin an automotive engine block. The heat rejecting rod is electricallyheated to maintain a constant temperature at a chosen spot along Itslength. The rod has a 1/8 inch diameter axial hole in which thermocouplesare placed. The position of these thermocouples can be varied at will.The coolant Is continuously recirculated at a controlled flow rate, Inlettemperature, pressure, and Is aerated at a constant rate.

B. Procedure - All metal specimens are cleaned and weighed to thenearest 0.1 mg. The specimens are mounted in the test chamber and thethermocouples Inserted Into the heat rejecting specimen at the top andbottom. Nine liters of coolant are used to fill the unit. The powerIs turned on, the instruments activated and the pump started. On thisseries of tests the controls were set so that the followir0 conditionswere recorded!

Solution Temperature - 180OF (800C)System Pressure - 7.6 lbsFlow Rate - 5 to 8 gallons/min.Aeration - 0.75 Standard cubic feet per hour.

After the solution temperature reaches 180*F the specimen heat isturned on and gradually Increased until a maximum temperature of 257"F(125C) is reached. The heat exchanger valve is partially opened so

I

that the auxiliary heater Is in operation approximately 30 seconds everyminute. Thermocouple readings of solution temperature and heat rejectirgspecimen temperatures are recorded continously on an electronic recorder.Periodic readings of these temperatures are taken for calculation ofheat data. Flow rates are varied from 5 gallon/minute to 8 gallon/minuteand tmerature profiles are recorded. Readings of the voltage are alsotaken per:odically for the calculation of heat transfer data (see TableI). Periodic solution samples are also taken for analysis of metal Ions.The test Is continued for a total of 500 hours.

After the test period the chamber is opened, the strips are removed,scrubbed clean with a soft bristle brush and soap, rinsed with water,rinsed with acetone, and dried. Afterthey reach equalibrium in adesiccator they are again weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg.

Ill. RESULTS OF TESTS

Results of the preliminary tests gave Indications that the voltageand amperage readings taken from the A.C. meter may have been incorrect.An oscilloscope was used to check the wave forms. It was found that thecurves were not true sine waves. Portions of the waves were flattenedout due to the stepless silicon rectifier control device. The wave formswere photographed with a Polaroid camera and retraced onto graph paper.Areas under the curves were calculated and the true root mean square (rms)or effective voltage and amperage values obtained for calculation of theheat transfer data (see Graphs ii and III).

Results in Graph I show curves of metal ion concentration in tworuns with O-A-548a antifreeze and 0-1-490a inhibitor. The graph showsthat the metal Ion concentration Increased In the beginning of the runand then decreased to values even lower than the initial sample. Analyseswere made utilizing the Perkin-Elmer Model 303 Atomic Absorption Spectro-photometer.

Results in Graphs IVa thru Vib and Fables iH, ill, and IV show that eventhough the temperature profiles for each test at any given time were asexrected, the change of heat transfer coefficient (h) with time andcorrosion is contrary to results received in automotive cooling systemsand conflicts with the results obtained by the designers of the Temperature-Flow-Corrosion Unit on their own apparatus.

The heat transfer coefficients were calculated based on the assumptionthat the heat flux rate Is the same for all points along the length of therod. However, on the two specimens used boiling occurred at the top onethird of the rod and progressed down until about one half of the rodexhibited boiling at the surface and the heat flux rates were most probablynot the same.

Tables II, Ill, and IV show measurements made on identical liquidmixtures under similar conditions of heat rejecting specimens of differing

2

degrees of surface rougnness. Sample S was polished with crocus clothuntil It was shiny and smooth. The surface of sample R was sandblastedand was extremely rough. At the entrance where no boiling is occurring,with the thermocouples placed at distances D - .075 and D - .200 theratio of hR/hS - 1.47. Thus the roughness Increases h by 47%.

At the other end of the rods where nucleate boiling is occurring,under conditions of equal degree of superheat and equal positions onthe rods the ratio of hR/h s - 1.64. Here the roughness increases h by64%.

This roughness effect could also be caused on the heating rod bycorrosion and a subsequent Increase in boiling sites causing an apparentrise in heat transfer rate, w!th the Insulating effect of the corrosionproducts being overshadowed by the roughness.

IV. DISCUSSION

Boiling is defined as the formation of the vapor phase within aliquid. The TFCU demonstrates three different regions or types of boiling.An examination of a typical boiling curve, Figure 1, coearly shows thelocations of the regions and transition points where the type of boilingchanges. (see ref. 7).

in the region, AB, heat Is transferred from the heater to the liquidby natural convection only. At B however, bubbles first start to appearin the liquid Immediately adjacent to the heater surface, and the slopeof the boiling curve sharply Increases. The overall heat transfercoefficient in boiling is defined by:

h = Q/A (Tw - Tsat.)

Where Tw is the heater surface temperature and Tsat is the saturationtemperature of the liquid. As soon as the bubbles form, the heat transferrate begins to Increase rapidly with no change in the wall or fluidtemperatures, thereby resulting In similar increases in h. There aretwo possible explanations as to what happens to cause this Increase. Asthe bubbles form and leave the surface cooler liquid continuously replacesthem causing better liquid circulation and thus an increase in h; or as thebubbles break cooler liquid Is drawn Into the areas where the bubbles werecausing the Increase in h.

In the region, BC, bubbles form continuously at the heat surfaceat increasing frequency and over a larger area. The two-phase boundarylayer adjacent to the heating surface is stable. This region is calledthe nucleate boiling region. In this region the surface heat transfercoefficient Increases continously with heater temperature.

At point C, the two-phase boundary layer becomes unstalble due tolarge relative velocities between the bubbles, or columns of vapor rising

3

Ifrom the surface, and the columns of liquid approaching the surface.This phase begins at point C and continues to point D where a stablevapor blanket covers the whole surface. The region, CD, is called thet'"Si[ bollina relon. In this region an Increasing percentage ofthe heiter surface Is Insulated from the liquid and the surface heattransfer coefficient drops rapidly with Increasing heater temperature.At point D, the surface is completely Insulated, and boiling takes placeat the geseou.' liquid Interface.

In the region, DE, the stable vapor blanket persists and the solidsurface heat transfer coefficient Increases only very slowly from itsminimum value at D, due to slightly higher convection rates inside thevapor blanket and an Increasing radiation component. This type of boil-Ing Is called film boiling.

In most engineering applications, the boiling curve will follow thebroken line CCS, shown in Figure 1. For boiling water under normalconditjons, thi value of the heat flux (Q/A) at point C is approximatelyI X 100 BTU/ft hr. and the surface superheat is 1000C. If the heat fluxis Increased beyond this value, the boiling curve follows the broken lineto point C' where the surface superheat under film boiling conditions maybe 5000OF and the heating surface may burn out. For this reason, C isreferred to as the burn out point. In actual boiling processes, a valueof 50% of the burn out flux may be considered to be the maximum safeoperating flux.

Therefore, the area bounded by the incipient boiling point, B, andthe burn out point, C, is the area where very high and very stable heattransfer coefficlents are obtained.

When heating or cooling a fluid by a forced convection such as wefind in an automotive engine and part of the TFCU, it has been foundby dimensional analysis and experiment that the following relationshipshold (see reference 4):

NNU M C(NRe)m (Npr) n (I)

where C, m and n are experimentally determlned empirical constatts andNWJ. 0, and Npr" are dimensfonlois numbers known as NussIltis,ftaynold's,

rndtils n.ers respectively. These numbers are obtained by thefollowing ratios:

VDp and N(2)%u mNfte - and Pr (2

K u Kwhere h Is the coefficient of heat transfer, D Is a diameter or length

'v characteristics of the flow cross section, k is tne thermal conductivityof the fluid, V is the velocity of flow of the fluid, P is the densityof the fluid, u Is the dynamic viscosity at the mean tenperature, and CpIs the specific heat of the fluid at constant temperature. By dimensional

4

I I Im I

analysis for forced convection we obtain,

hD - V m ucpf (3)Ku k

When the Reynold's number exceeds 2300, turbulent flow is obtained.In engine cooling systems this situtation prevails in both the heatingphase and the cooling phase. This also exists in the TFCU, and NRe ofabout 7500 are prevalent at the entrance region. It has been foundexperimentally that the value of C is 0.023, and for m it is 0.8. Thevalue for n is 0.4 for heating and 0.3 for cooling. Substituting theseconstants in equation (3) we obtain,

h - 0.023 NO) 0.8 k 06 Cp 0.4

u u.+ Ou-z

The above correlations applies only for force convection and doesnot hold for the heat transfer mechanism occurring on the top of ther od, name!y nucleate boiling.

Various correlations have been proposed for nucleate boiling heattransfer coefficients, among thenm those of Rohsenow (8) and Forster (9).These models are quite complicated and will not be included bere forsake of brevity. However, it should be noted that many other additionalproperties are relevant In nucleate boiling aside from those incorporatedinto the conventional Reynold's and Prandtl number. For example, thesurface tension, latent heat of vaporization, liquid and vapor censities,saturation temperature, and other properties of both liquid and vaporphase must be introduced to adequately describe the heat transferoccurring.

The heat transfer coefficient for a liquid flowing past a surfaceis often a function of the surface roughness. fhis roughness can beviewed as protrusions above the surface or as cavitlei in the surface.In cases where the liquid is not boiling, the Increase in h due toroughness Is the result of the local turbulence that the protrusions cause.Previous Investigators have found that the heat transfer coefficientIncreased in the early stages of depositJon and then decreased as expected(see ref. 10). This effect Is expected to be a function of the distancethat the turface roughness protrudes above the surface. Initially theheat transfer coefficient tends to rise because the deposit roughnessdisturbs the laminar sublayer of the fluid, causing turbulence near thetube wall. This effect opposes any decrease in h due to the low thermalconductivity of the deposit. When the thickness of the deposit approachesand exceeds that sf the laninar sublayer, however, the effect of the lowthermal conductivity becomes predominant and the heat transfer coeffic-ient will decrease.

5

in the case of a liquid undergoing nucleate boiling, the roughnessplays an additional role. At any given degree of superheating, theamount of boiling that takes place Is dependent on the number ofnucleation sites and the radius of curvature of these sites. An increaseIn ro..hness starting from a smooth surface probably results in a largernumber of sites and a smaller radius of curvature for these sites. Bothof these factors would tend to Increase the amount of nucleate boilingand thus Increase the heat transfer coefficient.

As to whether or not the heat transfer coefficients did actuallyincrease with corrosion deposits can not be unequivocably confirmed atthis time. As mentioned earlier, all calculations were based on theassumption that the heat transfer rates were equal at all points alongthe rod. This Is a questionable asst.-ntion Since two types of heattransfer mechanisms were observed on the heating element. Thus, asdeposits accumulated on the rod and boi'ing progressed down the lengthof the rod, the effect of the higher rates due to nucleate boiling couldmask a drop in the forced convection transfer rates at the rod's bottom.Thus, further analysis should be made on existing data to clarify thissituation.

V. CONCLUS IONS

A. The temperature profiles curves at any given time, set pointtemperature, and flow rate on either a smooth or rough rod follows theexpected pattern.

B. The chief cause for concern In the use of the TFCU for heattransfer data of automotive coolants lies in the fact that the data doesnot correlate with results produced in automotive coolingsystems.

C. Corrosion data, as evidenced by the analytical determination ofmetal Ion concentration in the coolant after test, does not correlatewith results received in glassware or simulated service tests.

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended that further analysis of the data be performed.

VII. REFERENCES

I. C Program Directive AMCMS Code 5025.11.80300 dated 22 September1967.

2. Federal Specification O-A-548ap Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited,

Type I, dated 30 Dec 1958.

6

3. Federal Specification 0-I-490a, Inhibitor, Corrosion. Liquid CoolingSystem, dated 26 April 1965.

4. Max Jacob and G. A. Hawking, Elements of Heat Transfer and Insulation,1950, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

5. CCL Report No. 90, Heat Transfer Efficiency of Automotive EngineCoolants, 17 March 1960.

6. CCL Report No. 205, Preliminary Investigation of the Temperature-Flow-Corrosion Unit as a Tool for Coolant Evaluation, June 1966.

7. Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Note No. Mech. Eng. 391,Comments of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer, Correlations and Suggestionsfor Evaluating the Number of Boiling Sites, October 1963.

8. Rohsenow, U. M. Trans. A.S.M.E. 14, 969 (1952).

9. Foster, H.K. and Greif, R.J., Heat Transfer 81, 43 (1959).

10. SmithJ.D., The Effects of Deposits on Heat Transter to AviationGasoline, to be puolished in I&EC Product Research and Development.

7

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9

APPENDIX A

TABLE I

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS USED TO CALCULATE HEAT DATA

Q - Volts Amperes - Power in Wattsrms rms

A - Surface Area In sq. feet - 0.06545 ft2

3.41304 - Conversion factor to convert to BTU

T2 - Temperature drop at Metal Surface - 0.008191 Q.'

Ts = T1 - T2 - Temp. reading at a given point - Temp. drop in *F

Q - 3.41304 V x I - Heat Flux Rate in BTU/ft 2 hr.

A

h - 3.41304 V x I - Heat Flux RateA (T, - T8) Ts - Liquid Bulk Temp heat transfer

coefficient In BTU/ft 2 hr. *F

10

-4

www-w r- r- r-I r

4t I LL. -G - r 0 Dc0 f Lf F.LAl UN .4 UoN Cl eI'% -n L^U%%L LA '.D

C4 04. C4 C4 C4 C4 riV "C4 4 1

M 0t.

Lii 0.U. 0 U.: A 0aNr 4UI

cc C4 Cq 010 4 4"V'I- a 01 I

ac~JIC .0cc

o Z D7 7 0ZZ - 0 o

IC

1-- 0 0200000 O-Qw wOWOW'280

Q ---- ---- - -

.0

qt A j -I Uf% Lf U, UL\. L Ln Ln. V Ln . LIn ULL Ln -

0.ZC

ui

TABLE I I I

VARIATION OF POWER WITH TIME AND FLOW RATE

Smooth Specimen

Time (hrs) G.P.M. Flow Rate Vrms AmpSrms (0) Poer (watts;)

23 5 1.17 298 34872 5 1.20 306 367169 5 1.27 322 409215 5 1.36 354 481238 5 1.43 370 52924 8 1.40 372 52173 8 1.37 350 480170 8 1.50 396 594216 8 1.57 420 659238 8 1.70 456 773

Power increase at 5 GPM - 348 to 529 watts.Power increase at 8 GPM - 521 to 773 watts.

VARIATION OF H WITH TIME AND FLOW RATE

Smooth Specimen

h. (high twnp end) h. (low temp end) T2 Flow G.P.M. Q

23 248 BTU/ft 2 hr*F 582 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 2.8 5 18,148.372 262 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 580 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 3.0 5 19,138.1169 294 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 525 BTU/ft2 hr°F 3.4 5 21,328.2215 348 BTU/ft2 hr'F 658 BTU/ft2 hr°F 3.9 5 25,082.624 366 BTU/ft2 hr°F 913 BTU/ft2 hrOF 4.3 8 26,228.773 362 BTU/ft2 hr°F 832 BTU/ft 2 hr*F 3.9 8 25,030.7170 430 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 858 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 4.9 8 30,975.4216 494 BTU/ft2 hr°F 913 BTU/ft 2 hr0 F 5.4 8 34,365.1

12

TABLE IV

VARIATION OF POWER WITH TIME AND FLOW RATE

Rough Speclmen

Time (hrs) G.P.M. Flow Rate Vrms Amps rms (Q')Power (watts)

170 5 1.50 490 735214 5 1.50 494 741263 5 1.67 436 728335 5 1.75 460 805431 5 1.82 476 866506 5 1.90 514 977217 8 .95 544 1061265 8 2.00 560 1120337 8 2.02 576 1164432 8 '.10 602 1264

Power increase at 5 GPM - 735 to 977 watts.Power increase at 8 GPM - 1061 to 1264 watts.

VARIATION OF H WITH TIME AND FLOW RATE

Rough Specimen

Heat FluxTime h.(high temp end) h.(Iow temp end) T2 Flow G.P.M. Q

170 555 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 935 BTU/ft 2 hr0 F 6 5 38,328214 553 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 968 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 6.1 5 38.641263 542 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 791 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 6.0 5 37,93335 582 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 830 BTU/ft 2 hr-F 6.6 5 40,9b3431 655 BTU/ft 2 hr*F 923 BTU/ft 2 hr0 F 7.1 5 45,160506 728 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 999 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 8.0 5 50,948217 903 BTU/ft2 hr°F 1278 BTU/ft 2 hr0 F 8.7 8 55,328265 874 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 1304 BTU/ft 2 hr°F 9.2 8 58,405337 899 BTU/ft2 hr-F 1303 BTU/ft 2 hr'F 9.5 8 60,699432 961 BTU/ft2 hr°F 1478 BTU/ft2 hr°F 10.4 8 65,914

13

APPENDIX Il

w0-0

00

I.-0

z0

00cr 0

zo 00

00

zo0 0

0 0

0-

0OE 0 00CL -

GRAPH 1I

VOLTAGE CALIBRATION CURVE

METER READINGv S.

TRUE VOLTAGE

5-

4-

TRUERMS

VOLTS

3

21

i 2 3 4 5VOLT METER READING

GRAPH M

AMPERAGE CALIBRATION CURVE

METER READINGVs.

3. TRUE AMPERAGE

2-

TRUERMS

AMPS

0l0 I 2

AMMETER READING

GRAPH 71

SMOOTH SPECIMEN TEMPERATURE PROFILESAT 5GPM. FLOW RATE

24 hrs.72 hr

10- 215 twa.

U)w

0

0,0

0

a 6 ,

5.

41200 210 220 230 240 250 260

METAL TEMPERATURE *F

GRAPH X b

ROUGH SPECIMEN TEMPERATURE PROFILES

AT 5 G.PM. FLOW RATE

w

28I--

w 170 hr

5- 00hrs.

200 210 220 230 240 250 260METAL TEMPERATURE *F

GRAPH Vo

SMOOTH SPECIMEN TEMPERATURE PROFILES

AT 8 G.PM. FLOW RATE

lII

24Irs

169 h

6 1 hs

52

4

20 20 2O 2O 4 i 6MEA0EPEAUEO

GRAPH 3L b

ROUGH SPECIMEN TEMPERATURE PROFILESAT 8 G.PM. FLOW RATE

10.

9.

zz

N 214 hrs

a~4 31 hre.w

335-

41200o 21*0 220 230 240 250 260

METAL TEMPERATURE OF

GRAPH M: a

VARIATION OF HEAT FLUX RATE WITH TIME

SMOOTH SPECIMEN

8 G.PM.

30-

~25-

0.

-20

10-

-

04

0 50 100 150 200 250TIME IN HOURS

GRAPH M: b

VARIATION OF HEAT FLUX RATE WITH TIMEROUGH SPECIMEN

65'

x 55-

050,

-45-

35-

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500TIME IN HOURS

APPENDIX C

00

z a

00 0-J

0

0z __ __

Z >-

z o ol

Unclassi fied'-,ecunty Classification

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R&D(S00a~tIY CI4..itIC.IAi of title bodY of absur-1 oid ,nIox-f -n It,,, iM-1 0., en ed .. t~ehI i

I O I CIN AT IN0G A C T I.V fCotpo,.i. *urho,, 2.A FR t E P . 1 - C *5IT.T - 1 ' 0'.

U. S. Army Coat ing and Chemi calI Laboratory G~~oUnclassi fied

Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

3 REPORT TITLE

RELIABILITY OF THE TEMPERATURE-FLOW-CORROSION UNIT IN ANTIFREEZE STUDIES

4 DESCRIPTIVE MOVES (TY of ,.pot -ed iyo dotes)

ProgIress Report5 AUTHOR(S) (LooI net. ,t no.. -,t-iii

CONLEY, James i., KRLWINGHAUS, ra3pt. Authur B.

4 REPORT DATE T OTAL NO OF PAGF5 7h No0 CF RE FS

November 1968 Igo CONTRACT ON GRANT No 98 ORIGINATOR S R'PORT -~MSE'-

AMCMS Code No. 5025.21.80300 CCL #254b PROj9CT No

thi s Mepo'I

d

10 AVAIL ABILITY LIMITATION NOTICES

Qualified requestors may obtain copies of this report from Defense* Documentation Center. Distribution of this document is unlim-ited.

fSUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12 SPONSORING MILITARY ACT 'VI'V

U. S. Army Materiel Command

Washington, D. C.

3 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this invest igat ion was to determine the i-eliaoilitv of the

Tempe rat ure- FlIow- Co rros ion Un it (T FCU) in ohtaining heat transfer data andcorrosion data on antifreeze compounds.

Tests conducted in this study employed ant i freeze fneet inq Federal Spec: ficai-tion 0-A-548a with added Federal Specification 0-1- 4 90a *Inhibitor. Ouantitattvemetal ion concentration was determined by an atomic absorption sopectronhotomeler.

Osci liographic scanning of the wave forms pi-oduced by the electronic pnw.e-

unit under load indicate a fallacy in the volt mePr and ammeter scale readinqs.

The results show that the use of the TFCU for heat t ransfer propert ies of

anti ifreeze compounds is not feasible due to the fact that they do not necess'ar, i,correlate with results produced in an automot ive cool ino systemr.

The results also indicate that a loss in thern'al conduct i v;y reult inq f ro"corrosion product deposition on a metal surface can he overshadowed ht. the effectof increased surface roughness on fluid turbulence. Resultant heat t ransfer ratescan increase as the corrosion products are deposited.

DD 1473 Un c I iss

Unc lass ifled

Teprtr-lo-orso UnitHeat TransferAnti freezeSurface Roughness EffectTurbulenceHeat Flux

IN ST RLi CT I 10iN

I10 OR I GINATING, A ( TIIY Ente 1he nYme and add ress, 1. AVAILABILITY LIMITATION NOTICES Ente any Iif he , ntrat i r sub, ''nrrai tot grantfee Department of li. rtosi are dseirr no h rpr te hnr'stel-se i. r iit rhergdozi.., -thr-rar authr isuin g impos by sfcurte lssifit atin.o therg~r othedrd staeirtse

he reoth.such asIa RPORT SECt MT Y C LASSIFICA lION Enter the "5' "' "Qualified re~questers may obtain copies of thisa:'; o r,r,, ,asiliaitf the re.rt -J, di e whet he'r1

- s n'lier Marki,,* is th, in atccr- report from D.''mrwith aporaesturi~v n-r.O'*t 2) ''-Freignl an-nouceoetrt and dissemination f this

RO-L'P A..r ' at ( ~ ngai'i is 1 spi ld in Doi) Do report try DDC is nor authorized.4200fr. Ii'1 anti A-ed F- L, eo nasia M-anul Fnter ft ''1 S Government agencies may obtain opie, i

-te-op mh' A!,'. aWn aippjl at-Ic oh,, 'ha' 'Pri )nat this report dire, -t v front DDC. Other qual ified DDC.rc ~ ~ - '1g ha.1 e-'s ust ftfIAt r.p 4 as aurhyr- users shall request through

REPORT TITLLEnFiter the -mtplet r report title in all 4 ' iiayaece a bancpe ftiapril ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , letr.Tte n l rssrlo ie ant asitied. report direi tIN from DDC.'Ot her qualifiedusrIt -,Ieaigf. 'te -nnot be s!,e ted withorur lassifit a-%hl cos trugs ,, ho,. t: iLt -laif-ica iin in all iatasin parenthesisshlreuttrog

.".r'eiatelv r 1: 'I inf, 'he 'itle,

4. rIESCRIPTIiFE NOTES If appropriate, enter the T pm -J ir ''All di stribution of t his repor' s controllIed. Q aI -re r: .g. inoterinm pr-grys summary annual, it final. ified DDC users shall reque , thragh

Giethe in( lit l ates when a specific reporting period i,er ed.

AtTlIOR.Si Enter Ithe namer, s ii thutbo -sashow' n If the report has been furrsbed to the Office of Tec hoit, at't~nherpp i. Eterant amefastnam, mddleiniial Servic en. Department of Commerce. f'rr sale to the pabl ii , indi-- h ' r . E trIs n m .f-s a e ideiiil are this fact and enter the price, if kn' nIf " 0l:ar shwrank and branch of see, ie. The name of'he p-, n~Ir l authot is an absolute minimum, requirement. 1 1, SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Use for adlditional expl and-

r.REPORT DATE. Enter the date of the report as day. tury notes.orI-. ye.r *r month, year. If mote than 'ne date appears 12. SPONSORIN', MILITARY ACTIVITY Enter the nam ofhe report - e date of puhl, at t. the departmental projei t offi( e or laboratory sponsoring'p-

MT AL. IMBE OFPAGS Th toal pg -I ing fir) the research and development. Inc lode address.ill I fii a normal pagination prot eduren, i.e.. enter the I ' ,yfroi RA( I foe- at -,ra I it 'aftit an-- -it.,.

r-tpagjes tnaining inf-rmat,'s <' ot hr l-I~tr -n .attic !thrr't1-.r'ir'ri''i'ih'a ,a' .I~'ar Is ,, I, "to iv 'h '' I f !-. t tI-i,r-'NI OF RP 1-FRENCES. Enter the total number ,~I i a"ffi_'n1 s'a -tnri~i~i ~-nisr' tr'rfe 9 ,.- tett -'herep'rr. w'.tl a'a t''-t

ha ( ONTRA( I ORP GRANT NI 'Mi It appropriat, enter .- i gi''.ii. I' .5 0 Tort- . .sift'>rr'1--e , appiti Irnmbr-f the 'Intract 'i grant under whit h .. 1.'.. .sf''1"tsrothts.inr.'sal

V & 8di PROJECT NtUMBER Enter the approprna' '' e".'. .'ta.crr' ''r ''-to T"n'thdepartment identii at 'n sot h as It' test numbt

itr'. ii number %ssr- numbers 'ask numfie er' '''...A I'' h r ~t, the"s, a Ift"~ORIGINATOR'S REPORT NIIMBfERgI Enter the iffi, h.r' ry''" t " -' l' 'f

report numbe, by whit h the iltruert will be dentlitte I I KI A0i,1's K, -v'U~r e f't l eanrf dt'rAnd strolled by the oriisfting at,~ry This nu'r'tmut "r 'ftt 't.0'i:om'tt "tv f-,s abe nuiue to this rep'-t. ' o''..' o''pr'K' irIn "','

i 'OTHIER REPORT N t 'M~jfFR- Sr It the repro has been ''c th ii 0i t t' it tn

ti h pn t.. alo" enterthis suter s, 'h '' '' ".' a

Lot c IA'-I f ied