UNIT 3 TEST REVIEW

CELLULAR FUNCTIONSCell Wall

gives the cell structure and support

Plasma (Cell) Membranemaintains homeostasis within the cell by

allowing some substances to enter and others to leave

Vacuolesstores water and some nutrients as well as maintains turgor pressure within plant

cells; in animal cells it is used to store waste products and to transport proteins

packaged by the Golgi body.

CELLULAR FUNCTIONSLysosomes

Chloroplastsmakes glucose through the process of

photosynthesis

Centriolesorganelle used in mitosis

Ribosomessynthesizes proteins

digests and breaks down worn out cellular parts and foreign objects

CELLULAR FUNCTIONS

Nucleus

structures that hold DNA

Plasmid

sorts, packages and distributes materials produced by the ER

Golgi body(apparatus)

produces ATP through the process of cellular respiration

Mitochondria

controls the cell

CELLULAR FUNCTIONSDNA (genetic material)

used by the cells for movement

Cilia/Flagella

fluid part of the cell that suspends organelles and where most metabolic activity takes place

Cytoplasm

produces materials for the cell and transports them to the Golgi body; rough is an attachment point for

ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum smooth & rough

contains the genetic code for making proteins

What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

*prokaryotic cells are small, eukaryotic cells are bigger

*prokaryotic cells are simple, eukaryotic cells are more complex

* Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?

*all living things are composed of one or more cells

*cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things

*all cells arise from other cells

What three organelles do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

*cell wall

*chloroplast

*central vacuole

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS, DESCRIBE THE MOVEMENT OF WATER AND WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELL:

Isotonic SolutionDefine: equal movement of water in/out of the cell   Water movement: both in and out     What happens to the cell?: stays the same

Hypotonic SolutionDefine: a hypotonic solution refers to a solution that contains less solute (more water) compared to the cytoplasm of the cell Water movement: water moves into the cell  What happens to the cell?:Cell swells

Hypertonic SolutionDefine: A solution that has higher osmotic pressure (or has more solutes) than another solution to which it is compared Water movement: water moves out of the cell  What happens to the cell?:Cell shrivels

EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT.

Passive transport does not require energy.

Active transport requires energy.

DEFINE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF TRANSPORT AND INDICATE WHETHER IT IS PASSIVE OR ACTIVE.

simple diffusion: small molecules moving across the cell membrane from high to low concentrations: passive facilitated diffusion: large molecules using a protein channel to move across the cell membrane from high to low concentrations: passive

endocytosis: A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane, active

WHAT PART OF THE CELL DOES THIS PICTURE REPRESENT AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

Cell membrane, allows certain things in/out of the cell

WHAT TYPES OF CELLS DO PHOTOSYNTHESIS? PLANTS, ANIMALS OR BOTH?

Plants

What types of cells do cellular respiration? Plants, animals or both?

BothWhat types of cells contain plasmids? Prokaryote, Eukaryote or both?

Both

HOW ARE THE EQUATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED?

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration. They are opposites.

DRAW A MITOCHONDRIA.

The mitochondria has a folded interior membrane. Why?

cell processes can be more efficient, the membranes provide a large surface area, and the membranes form interconnected compartments

What process occurs in the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration

DRAW A CHLOROPLAST.

What process occurs in the chloroplast?

photosynthesis

HUMANS GET ABOUT ½ OF THEIR NEEDED PROTEINS FROM THEIR DAILY DIET. WHERE DO WE GET THE OTHER ½ FROM?

Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell

OTHER VOCAB: ALSO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE FOLLOWING WORDS/DEFINITIONS.

ATP, microbes, contractile, diffusion, synthesis, regulation, excretion, osmosis, incapable

  ATP – energy Microbes – small organisms Contractile – the ability to contract Diffusion – movement of a substance from an area

of high to low concentration Synthesis – to make Regulation – to control what happens Excretion – to get rid of Osmosis – movement of water Incapable – not able