UNIT 3 A FIGHT FOR A CONTINENTSS St. Rose Catholic School

Fifth Grade

BIOGRAPHIES OF IMPORTANT PEOPLE

Junipero Serra Bartholome de Las Casas

Squanto PocahontasJohn Rolfe MetacomTecumseh Chief PowhatanChief Logan Lord DunmoreSequoyah Andrew JacksonChief John Ross John Marshall

JUNIPERO SERRA

Spanish Priest who founded missions in California

Founded the first mission in California, San Diego de Alcala, on July 16, 1769

Remained in California the rest of his life, setting up eight more missions between 1770 and 1982

BARTHOLOME DE LAS CASAS

Spanish missionary who opposed the mistreatment of American Indians

Spoke out against Europeans who were taking land from and enslaving American Indians as early as 1514

Wrote The History of Indies about Spanish conquests

SQUANTO

American Indian who helped the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony

Showed the Pilgrims where to hunt and fish and helped teach them to grow certain crops

Served as an interpreter when Chief Massasoit and Pilgrims were making a peace treaty

POCAHONTAS

Powhatan woman who helped keep the peace between American Indians and

Jamestown settlers Intervened, according to legend, to save the life

of Captain John Smith when her people held him captive

Real name was Matoaka

JOHN ROLFE

Jamestown planter and official who helped show that tobacco could be grown successfully Arrived at Jamestown in 1610 and began growing

tobacco in about 1612 Married Pocahontas in 1614

METACOM

American Indian chief who led the fight against English colonists in King Philip’s War Led several American Indian groups in a war to

push settlers out of New England Defeated in King Philip’s War (1675-1676), which

led to further colonial expansion

TECUMSEH

Shawnee chief who led American Indian resistance in the Ohio River Valley

Believed that land should be shared and urged American Indian groups to form an alliance against settlers

Fought against the United States in the War of 1812

CHIEF POWHATAN

Powhatan chief who eventually made a peace treaty with English settlers As leader of a confederacy of about thirty tribes

that lived near the Jamestown colony Negotiated a peace treaty with the English after

his daughter Pocahontas married a settler

CHIEF LOGAN

Led American Indian raids against settlers during Lord Dunmore’s War Known for good relations with settlers until a

frontier trader killed is family in 1774 Was never actually a chief but gained fame

among many different American Indian groups

LORD DUNMORE

Governor of Virginia during the years before the American Revolution Sent an army that defeated Chief Logan and the

Shawnee in 1774 Forced to leave Virginia in 1776 by Patriots

SEQUOYAH

Cherokee who created a writing system for his group Developed an alphabet and a system of writing

for the Cherokee Served with U.S. troops in the Creek War (1813-

1814)

ANDREW JACKSON

Military Hero and 7th President of the United States Refused to support the U.S. Supreme Court when

it ruled in favor of the Cherokee keeping their land

Became a national hero after a victory in the War of 1812

CHIEF JOHN ROSS

Cherokee chief who resisted the removal of his people from Georgia Led Cherokees when they sued the state of

Georgia to prevent the taking of Cherokee lands Led his people on the “Trail of Tears” to Indian

Territory in 1838

JOHN MARSHALL

Fourth chief Justice of the Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who ruled the

Cherokee had the right to control their land Interpreted the Constitution in ways that still are

important today

EUROPEAN COLONIES IN AMERICA

1565 St. Augustine FL Spanish 1607 Jamestown VA, English 1608 Quebec, Canada, French 1624 New Amsterdam NY, Netherlands 1769 Spanish Missions in CA, Spanish

Protected their land claims and resources by building forts

Traded with Dutch and French for metal items

WARS Powhatan Wars 1610

Occurred in Virginia English wanted the Indian land Pequot massacre 1637

English colonists and Indian allies did this to gain land King Philip’s War 1675

Several American Indian groups and English colonists in New England

French and Indian War 1750 France and England …England gained lands East of the

Mississippi River Last Indian resistance was at Wounded Knee massacre Lakota and Ojibwa

Fought over land in the Great Lakes region English and Dutch fought over New Netherlands and its

ports English and French fought over rich land in Ohio and

Mississippi River Valleys Beaver Wars Iroquois and Huron Indians fought over fur

trade

RAW MATERIALS THAT EUROPEANS VALUED

Spain wanted gold and silver France wanted beaver furs England wanted tobacco

Land areas they wanted were Along rivers Along coast lines EASY FOR TRANSPORTING OUT GOODS

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

Move all Indians in to Oklahoma Andrew Jackson was for this Supreme Court said NO “Chief Justice Marshall” He did it anyway

Trail of Tears Thousands of Indians were Removed and forced to

walk to Oklahoma many died

TREATIES

Cherokee Treaty of 1785 Western lands were left to Indians

Treaty of Doak’s Stand Andrew Jackson wanted Choctaw to give up their

land and move west