U N I T E D

N A T I O N S

I N D U S T R I A L

D EVELOPMENT

ORGANIZATION

I NTERNATIONAL

C E N T R E FOR

H Y D R O G E N

E N E R G Y

T ECHNOLOG I ES

Hydrogen Islands Initiative

Dr. Frano BarbirSenior Consultant, UNIDO-ICHET, Istanbul, Turkey

Professor, FESB, University of Split, Croatia

STORIES Project Workshop – Side Event at Dubrovnik ConferenceOn Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment SystemsDubrovnik, 2 October 2009

Why hydrogen?Why hydrogen?

Hydrogen complements renewable energy and electricity

• Energy storage• Transportation fuel• Fuel cells

Hydrogen is clean

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1.008

Renewable energy is the only long term sustainable option for providing energy needs

Renewable energy sources are free

However, their utilization is expensive

Transition to RES is imminent

Insisting on present day economics favors status quo

Renewable energy

Utilization of renewable energy sources will always be expensive (Laws of thermodynamics!)

“Status quo” may be even more expensive in the long term

There should be no competition – there should be transition

Transition will require vision and commitment Transition will require fundamental change in our

mind sets, priorities and life style Transition will take a long time

Transition to renewable energy

Transition will take many years

Need to start somewhere

We must concentrate on technologies/applications that do make sense now!

(islands, remote areas/settlements/buildings, developing countries)

Transition to Renewable EnergyTransition to Renewable Energy

Individual hydrogen energy technologies, including fuel cells, do not make much sense if considered outside the context of the entire energy system!

Hydrogen is a long term solution to the long term energy and environment related problems. If we do non start acting now hydrogen will always remain a long term solution. Time for action is now!

Islands – ideal polygons for demonstrationof hydrogen energy technologiesand entire hydrogen economy

Supply and price of conventional energy Renewable energy sources Scale Energy autonomy Pristine environment

Energy Options for the Islands

Renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, biomass, waves …)

• For electricity• For heat

Rational use of energy - energy efficiency Passive solar architecture Integrated systems

Water supply Wastewater treatment Fuel supply Sustainable agriculture

Resulting in self sufficiency

source

load

source

load

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DC Loads

AC Loads

ThermalLoads

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solar-thermalsystem

PV-panel

windturbine

electrolyzer

fuel cellH2 storage

battery

catalyticcombustor

refuelingstation

hydrogenvehicles

Hydrogen Role in Integrated Energy Systems Hydrogen Role in Integrated Energy Systems

reverseosmosis

sea-water

water foragriculture

Township of Kalyves - Crete

Hydrogen as a By-Product from Waste Water Treatment

HH22 role in Islands Energy Supply role in Islands Energy Supply

Energy storage

Transportation

Fuel for households

Islands – ideal polygons for demonstrationof hydrogen energy technologiesand entire hydrogen economy

Supply and price of conventional energy Renewable energy sources Scale Energy autonomy Pristine environment Example of Iceland, Hawaii … Other demonstration projects on islands Thousands of islands worldwide –

thousands of opportunities

Hydrogen Economy on Iceland

Consortium: Shell Hydrogen Norsk Hydro DaimlerChrysler

Hydro & geothermal energy available H2 refueling station Fuel cell buses H2 cars H2 fishing boat fleet

Utsira, Norway

Lolland, Denmark

Bozcaada, Turkey

Faroe Islands

Unst Partnership, Scotland

Canary Islands, Spain

Azores, Portugal

Hellenic Hydrogen Islands Initiative

Small Sicily Islands, Italy

Brac, Croatia, eco-resort

Hawaii, hydrogen activities

Prince Edward Island, Wind hydrogen

Yakushima Island, Japan

Hydrogen projects proposed or considered on islands world wide

Hawaiian Hydrogen ProgramsHawaii Hydrogen Power Park:

• Develop integrated renewable hydrogen system • (electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell) • characterize component & system performance• Develop & validate control protocols• Collect performance and cost data• Conduct outreach to local authorities and the general public

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park• Hydrogen buses for the tourists• H2 Refueling station

Big Island Energy Road Mapping: • Develop strategic energy roadmap to identify economically viable

technologies to transform the Big Island energy infrastructure.• Develop and validate baseline models for electricity and transportation.• Identify scenarios to facilitate acceptance of emerging new energy systems

including hydrogen.

Associated Press - January 28, 2008 8:14 PM ET HONOLULU The federal government wants to make Hawaii an example of how the United States can become energy self-sufficient.The state and federal government signed an agreement making the islands a national model for how power from the sun, wind, waves and earth can light homes and fuel cars.The goal is for Hawaii to produce at least 70% of its own energy by 2030.Hawaii is the perfect place to test the technologies because it has abundant natural resources but suffers the nation's highest gas prices and imports 90% of its energy.

Hawaii is an unbeatable “Living Laboratory” for new energy systems

HawaiiHawaii

Utsira, NorwayDemonstrating the first hydrogen society in the world

• Utsira has enough wind power to be self sufficient

• Excess wind power is used to produce hydrogen in an electrolyser

• When the wind turbine slows or stops electricity is provided using stored hydrogen in a hydrogen engine and a fuel cell

Main components

Wind turbine

H2 storage

Fuel cell

H2 engine

TransformerControl & regulatingsystem

Electrolyser & compressor

Wind turbine 600 kWHydrogen engine 60 kW Fuel cell 10 kWElectrolyser 10 Nm3/h, 48 kWCompressor 5,5 kWHydrogen storage 2400 Nm3, 200 barFlywheel 200 kW, 5 kWhBattery 35 kWhMaster synchronous machine 100 kVA

Hebridean Hydrogen Park Phase 2: Infrastructure - H2seed

Electricity from biogas

H2 production - water electrolysis

Fuelling station

Application

Production: 5Nm3/h

Storage (buffer): ~22Nm3 at 30 bar

Storage (high pressure): ~65Nm3 at 420 bar

Storage

www.pureenergycentre.com

18© Pure EnergyTM Centre 2002-2008

Instituto Tecnológicode Canarias

RES2H2RES2H2Instalaciones en el ITC (Gran Canaria)

Producción de electricidad y agua potable a partir de la energía del viento, utilizando el HIDRÓGENO como vector energético.

Vision: European role model for community testing and implementation of hydrogen technology in full scale

Approach: Production (from renewable energy) storage and distributionOptimising the use of existing resources on Lolland by creating new synergies

Purpose: Develop spin-off potentials in relation to industrial developmentDe-mystify hydrogen for future usersCreate regulatory frameworkDevelop new educational programs

Objective: Have more H2 installations on the islands all over the world

What do we need? Island communities Equipment suppliers Money

- investors (energy service providers, tourism, venture capital, banks)

- governments, and intergovernmental organizatons

Hydrogen Islands Initiative

Benefits of hydrogen on islands

For island communities Solves energy problems Other sustainability related problems Becomes tourist attraction

For equipment/technology suppliers/developers Creates market Polygons for real life testing

For governments Creates success stories

H2 Islands Initiative has been launched Kick-off meeting, Brussels, October 2007

Session at World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Brisbane, Australia, June 2008

First conference Hydrogen on Islands, Bol, Croatia, October 2008

Proposed session at World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Essen, Germany, May 2010

UNIDO-ICHET’s projects Bozcaada Pacific Islands Open call for proposals

SummarySummary

Hydrogen Islands InitiativeHydrogen Islands Initiative

www.unido-ichet.org

Demonstration Projects

Bozcaada H2 island

10 kW Fuel Cell UPS

H2 storage @20 bars

Hospital

25 kW Electrolyzer

20 kW PV panels 25 kW wind turbine

H2OH2

Control Strategy

Local grid 220V

Compressor

Governor’s House

5 kW Fuel Cell Boat5 kW Fuel Cell Boat 5 kW Fuel Cell Golf-cart5 kW Fuel Cell Golf-cart

H2

H2 storage cylinders @220 bar

5 kW Fuel Cell UPS5 kW Fuel Cell UPS

10 kW Fuel Cell UPS10 kW Fuel Cell UPS

Hospital

Bozcaada Hydrogen System Flowchart

Networking Dissemination of success stories Exchange of experience Work with other international organizations Work with government agencies Joint projects Another conference?

Future activitiesFuture activities

Hydrogen Islands InitiativeHydrogen Islands Initiative