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&#39; hem-wk 1. ma; to Bureau mm Of Iereh a, 1955� 1-quuuugunntm�ou of the Imigre�on em Iehu�iee�on service records _ _concerning ERNEST EGMAIIN. DI thin connection Iaehixgton Heldieleqrpe mm larch 10,1910 in the nee ummolm seam:-r; Iee ! " " Battle 1.00-34623!, �u-niehed the Ilmigretiea end. lletureliseiio e Aintonation on ERIE!� ERIBILHN. Iith reference to the euhmiealm ct --_ - -photogrephe ct E8103! ERQIARN the Bureau letter 01&#39; llreh 8, 19$ -re�ected that photographs %eea torn-rded to the Boeton Ot�ee in �-

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- - netennce 1| nude to Bllttelc letter dated larch 3 199 __~ ,5-;;..»-;.__..Iherein on page 2 1: 1» mum out um 1: night-.1» pceeibie en obtaine photograph oi 01711110103 I�. IIIEB from the Illnig-etioa el� &#39;-~ -. -- . -�_:*�~; "Ietm-eJ.1l-et.1on service, Iasbinginl, D. 0." The tilee oi the 1Jn1gretie1&#39; &#39;-IN;end lle&#39;|:u~e1.i.ze1:I.cn Be:-vice Iere reviewed concerning WEB, at which _f,_&#39;__&#39;.,,_-the it Iee determined the on]; photograph available wee one at the ege jg... W-;or 13- the to�nwing 1n.t&#39;orlnti.on van taken tron the ]!I_II.gretd.on end _�;__ »le1:ureJ.1:et.1.on service tilee eonceming 2-- " - mm. 9051/ &#39;5 4� 7A oammol _ &#39; �Janina seat.� t.p=m¢ . J";~&#39;j_:__.;§_-3 »

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"-,~ _ that Specislllgent STANTQI� - H133, while conducting an ingcstigationi �espsmug mam: E, ms, at the own. Berries Oomniesion, i�<.¢:__ q;-_&#39;_;L3� mde the i&#39;ollsei.n¢ &#39;ohs&#39;erv ionmhile uvieeing 1-see;-<__i&#39;s,»_:f."l_,-l;",�i;;._�_&#39;j � __,_>.

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15.31" TIKYIEK had lmbenall� FUIHS in Germany in 1933. hérl�r� the? -33-}. -,1-&#39;__»,_; mncx ma, upon occg em} used_ths alias "1�ETEIR us-1 nun m�¢ppm,nt___._ ;-

explanation tor the a ction of the partic-nlaz_&#39; _ ies !I.l¥_IS_sltho1g.g!:/_{&#39;i=?i». &#39; Z" � &#39;?°�°�� "�" "*7 £9 tn� �_�f_&#39;.._�lte__",�_&#39;15~1&#39;-""=1�i&#39;£/" --�"1?�-�-"l�i�&#39;-�-."-?3&#39;,~&#39;_&#39;-&#39;@"="c� 1-T-P�-7� F �-&#39;;&#39;._.: 1-,;-3"-&#39; &#39; In orclst to elaliorate on FB.LHG!&#39;s knoling IR. F5138, the _&#39;_ ; V" 1.; &#39; &#39;- _?-1�"&#39;~ following i: euhaitted tor the information ct the Bureau.~ 1,-&#39; i*£;~1.~&#39;-"7 -,f . &#39;~- ~<" 51; ; .,- . 4!.:-1,1-">11;i??_1"<=i?-:f?;§%�_<-1__ -~&#39; » mm ooswm mum: was given 1 hcaring&#39;hy the Division of -�- §9292

Central Administrative Services, OER, on September 1, 1943; in mom VA_ ;&#39; ot 499 Pennsylvania Avenue,� I. 1., Iashington, D. 6. The Governme .iv ;;3Z-i;~:_; representatives present were GIDRBI. J. GOULD, Assistant Director at &#39; ~ A _. _&#39;=5 =F~�_-" Q, Investigations, and I. H. IULLIGAII, Investigator, Central Administrative� _;..� �92§� "-E . _ " Sos&#39;vioes.&#39; FB.LR6K&#39;s hearing was in connection with his unployment es A_&#39;-1"� &#39;-""~-7 en alien by the OPA FRANCX was naturalised in June, 1944. -1 : -� . 1--_ .".§ . -1- "�-:__--I" &#39;1 _ ~_ -."&#39;. &#39; " &#39; DEF.� H r I , &#39; I h _ &#39;- . During the course ct the hearing, PRAKCK in answer to i5�--i� � question "Did Jon ever" engage in political activities in sither_.;-I-;&#39;%_T1£:&#39;f;�_&#39;w. 7-; -&#39; ;_.-.3� underground student&#39;s organization in Berlin, Germany, while he was __ ;._=~_ * -.&#39;_;: stuclent at the University of Berlin. Further that he vie arrested &#39;->-.3» July 19, 1933, and interned tor about six nonths. I_hu~ther t-_- - __;�"&#39; associated with various political "groups including every gro _ce�e he named as indi nals associated with e HR. _ __j nss nnmrm and ARNOLD Um. .�7T";.".�2T.�I�?"_T1_,_;_ 11� =� "�&#39; �-� �1.-,_. � -._. -_.~r� n . . -r-�3_§.;i._&#39;____~:&#39; 92_.-&#39;§_~&#39;;5&#39; 1- ~- i-,-5-:&#39;.» 9- 4 " n &#39; ~-"� - -If

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or three or more instance: wherein, during the var, this Government permitted ii3:-i tioh un� Cane�iene to conduct interrogations oi� pereo�e �in U. S. custody &#39; 4/ &#39;that they, the British or Canadians, were interested in, such instance: ooul N}be ueeo to a very gooai edvantage in putting preesure on tho Britieh. Ho ventedto know if the Bureau co"1d liippli ouch information. _:

It ie recomnemied that thin memorandum be referred to the EopionngeSection for informationhnd that if the Bureau can supply the instances aboverequested, that it would be to our Advantage to eo inform the State Department-The Liaison Section should be informed 0! the reply to be given to Mr. Nicholson.

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- 1!: Doonbo;-, 1941, than Io:-o 1-opor-bod to ho two tactical in �lolibrary of �0:51-coo, on or Ihiah no ado: tho hodorolup or livid �lolluxi which roportodly iauludod Bil �orioh oo o labor. Io.h1 no I oubJoot&#39;in tho Iothoa Bingo:-1 l�voraootor Gun _. _ - - &#39;&#39;, ~1 92 1 1 -&#39; ~ �

-� It April, 1944, luioh no liotod no o nonbor� of tho 012:1�Party, mm: uu-my� mm-at, Qnoono haw, ho fork, and 1n_Io.1-oh, ,.1948,. ho no rope:-tad to to tho argonisor or tho Gordon Bay Branch at thoGmamiot Porky. 92 _ .4 �

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80:13: All-oniog nowoi from tho Bop Hots Banning P;o,1oot_ot an»,California, on Io-umber 27, 1948, and at that time govo tho foundingoddrool o1&#39;,h11 Borloh, 2144 - 78th Btroot, Joubon Boigkto, IlllllloBho no of�liotod with tho &#39;- 92» 92- =»-a- - -;_ .1� 1 &#39;92, ._|_o 1 92 -

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/92¢-J»a»1£P&#39;-,§Gk&#39;�� Q Fobrnif 11; 1949,� Boo-1oh"no|_n&#39;o ulonao Iorovoontoinni�u odd:-ooo hook at Paulina 5hv1n, iodio Intonation 5poo1o_11.ot, Ot�eo of

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Iollan wee another ot the erigimi partner: in L. Brothnan andAeeoeiatee Ihieh nae organised in August, 1944- Prior thereto, hon ,February 8, to Luguet B, 1944, Iellan had beennployed an ieeietant PlantSuperintendent by the Regal Ghmieal 901-poretien, er Ihieh Theodore Eeiligcu President, and fer which Bx-othnen did eaae work ae&#39; mentioned P1&#39;I&#39;l�1OlI.l1�eIt appears probable thatiollan II-I ltill aeeoeinted with Brethren inDeeuber, 3.845, end that he my have rnained with L. Brotlnan and-Associatesuntil. October, 1946, when he became an auooiate preteeeor at Senplen _Qellege, lenpeon, In York. . . , A - - _ , . -_ .

By jqgprgndug �tea Iebruary 15, 1950, enclosing a blind nuaorenduasummary on Fallen, authority wee reqmeted and obtained to interview Iollanat the cane time that Brethaan night be interviewed» Leeordingli, .e letter &#39;dated February 16, 1950, was directed to Atlanta inetz-noting that Iollan beinterviewed when the Brothnen interview took piece. Brie�y, Iollan nu _ -�born June 27, 1910, at Glenwood, _linnee0te- In -M10, 1931, he obtained anin Degree tree Luther cellege, Deeorah, Ices. me mi-me be In ,uployed ae a teacher and athletic oeeeb at the Bee Eiehland High Behoel, <In Riehland, linneeotg. Prq Ue�ptenbex-, 1935, to July, 1938, be attended &#39;Ion State Unite:-lity, Ina City, Ion, and received a Iaeter at Beienee _ .Degree, having majored in nathnutiee. hen July� 1, 1936, until. Deeeabor 12,1940, he no -played in aetu a1 work for the Home Lite Iuwame Mayan!,266 Broadway, In York Gity. E11a£_o:-nation aleo ie available that he wee ,requeeted to lenje hie -pleyaent with the Heme Lite Ineeranee Gnpuq in1941 beeauae be had attan ed unsueeeeetull to unioniae the ole:-ieel e

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&#39; Berieh wee born In 8, 1916, et Seattle; Ieehington. Hie tether, -Sen]. I�. Barleh, no born in Baeeie end bee been e eccial worker. Hie nether,eheee name is not known, wee eleo born in meeie. The whereabouts or hie .parents is not known. Berieh attended Garfield High School in Seattle,Ieehington, from 1929 to 1933, the University of Washington at Seattle true1933 to 1935 and the University of Gelitcrnie at Berkeley tree 193? to i939ehen he graduated with e B. 8. degree in mechanical engineering. In November,1935, Bu-lgh resided et 3889 Sacramento Street, Sen Francisco, Celifomiei iiiFebruary, 1936, he resided et 2629 Heete.St1-eet, Berkeley; in February, 1937et we Bancroft Icy, Berkeley end Ln February, 1938 at 1.21.9 �hettuck Lveme,Berkeley, Galiiornie. After graduating from the Univereity of Cel�omie, &#39;he was employed for 1} yiare by the General �xgineering Goapard end ElectricalSteel Foundry Compaq in Portland, 0:-egm; for l year by the United Stetee .Hnbber Ocmpamv at Bengatuck, Connecticut end tor 6 months by the ll. II. KelloggGoupeny in New Jereey. ; l0&#39;O-1333935! _ . :_. l W ___, ;__3j,_; t »

e Imil&#39;e brother, mgene Barieh, when queeticned by the Office ofheel Intelligence emitted membership in the Cemnmiet Party in Sen Frenciecoin 1937 end 1938. Bxgene is a seamen and hie last known� employment wee with

Alaska Steanehip Uomp�w in 1947. .&:gene&#39;e Irlte Pauline ie reported tothe eieter of the mite of Welter Stack end mother eieter of Pauline Beriehlaid to be nrfied to 8-evele Clayton both of Ihom ere described ee well

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0:; Iovuber _22, 1948, Q31; Aelenian loved tram the Bays Vieta HoueingProject at Rodeo, California, Leaving a Io:-warding eddreea at E11. Bariah, 21.5478th Street, Jackeen Heights, Long Inland, New York. Egg, Aelanien referred toabove ne affiliated with the Petrero Branch at the 8en Francisco �enmniet Party

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aboard the 8.3. Sobieeld. from New Iork bound for the USSR via Naples. Fred �Aelanian and �re,� Qggn Le1en_i.a_n were among thcee Ljated. $1.00-3§09l.0-3!

A W, a list of alleged American citizens who departed without an American

._ Lllanien and hie rite at-oppeduith Barieh inllew Iork City endebaut January,-15, 1949, ea§.1ed for Du-ope for pemenent reeideuoe abroad. _ .

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at 2274 79th Btreet, Jackeon Heights, Long Ieland, New Iork. Serial: ia &#39;eaid to be about 6 feet tall, weighs about 1.80 poundl, bu brmm eyee,heavy build and dark hair with a regeding heir line. �.00-333935!

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92

e rs-cor s ow e was orn ugust L4, 1913, k »YED at Chicago, Illinois. At San Pedro, . &#39; DUI a, v92_> 92!,�iJ �3 DESTBO on December 10, 1945, he received a _ _ _ W - toovm .

, 4* ,_____

ADMINISTRATIVE

Zlmas JEROME RoBBm_,Esn seo-13-63, entered

military se ce Los Angcles, California,1/26/44, scharged Sen Pedro, Gal-ifornia, . Background information setrm-tr� Four copies of ppnto of ROBBDI forwand-ed to Bureau, Boat-on_.Q!13 Indianapolia§_,

: F �T-9-Q£&#39;e3&#39;_�J JERO nggxgpl, ka James T bin, James *J &#39; ames v. bbins, J e� obb1n""""&#39;e, -Jerr bbins ;"Jer llins , � l j

At Garden �t!� N.Y.Q

The records of Navel Records Mandgement Center,Garden Sit , New York, reflect that JALES JEROME �ROBBII~f,&#39;§_¥ial No. sao-13-63, entered the mi1i~tary ser ce at Lcs Angeles, California an Jen- _uary 26, 1944, in the rank of Apprentice Seaman. _ -�Th <1 sh n b A V 3&#39;

dlscharge, at which time his rank was meman, .", &#39; 92�gs cla� / > 1� 92

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- - The following physical description was contained in the /"*-Naval Service records of JAMES JEROME ROBBIN: li-

./Name J? £5�: Jena, sen: _ -"V" Signature: l es"J. eoasm! -4"

HEN 880-13-63 � &#39; 92i . Sex Male . &#39; >Race White �

/Birth Data Born August 14, 1913, at Uhicago, Ill../Height 5&#39;6" as of 1,/26/44!_ Weight > 138 lbs. as of 1/26/1,1�!; Build Average

- Jiair Black _ �, Eyes Brown

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Arrest Record &#39; Claimed none as of l/26/44 »Local Board Data Local Board No. &#39;75, 6459 North Qheridan -

Road, Chicago, Ill. Order #87._/ Education B.S. degree, De Paul University,

Chicago, Ill., �1-s,jor�Education, also "4 yrs. infantry training, lviilitary School name not given! -

-. P£isc.- �o language qualifications except English.�Leisure time activities: reading, bas- Aketball, track. Talent: debating A

,/mari tal Status Married &#39;

Family Wif

Mother

- SUSAN ROBBIN

- 2 - up /

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Fhmily Brother

Father - Ti BT11 B VB!!

Residences

1/,Photograph

maintained in this Navy Service Record.Four copies are being forwarded toBureau, Boston and Indianapolis, andfour copies retained by New York Office-

Other background inibrmation concerning ROBBIN�S-activitieswhile in the U.S. Navy, as contained in his �avy Service Records, is setforth below: &#39; �__,. 1-q�

I ~ SUMMARY OF SERVICE A

VESSEL OR STATION FROM IQ RATE

NTS Farragut, Idaho 2/2/iiAmes, Iowa 3/1/44S/M Base, New London 7/8/44 12/11/41 F 2/ccan 112. &#39; 2/17/45 1o/1/45 F 1/ccan 12 10/1/45 12/1/45 F 1/c

Received Victory Medal, American Area, and Asiat1c~Pacific ~Ribbons!

4/1/4:. is»7/8/44 s 2/c

11 - AUTHORIZED LEAVE

VESSEL NO. DAYS FROM TO

4/8/44 4/23/41._ 4 4/23/44 4/2?/44

S/M Base, New London, CQnn_ 5 7/Q/Z4 7/13/44

REMARKSII

Recruit

ExtensionDelay

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2 "Hydraulics, New London

IV - OCCUPATION & EMPLOYZ-&#39;ENT_-_______ _ ____ &#39;I��

Un report of physical examination l/26/44, ROBBIN stated he ,had been a shipping clerk for an Aluminu Extrusion �ill. Also, as of �l/26/44, ROBBIN listed his occupation on Navy Service Records as "GORE MAKER,FOUNDRY. On his Personnel Qualification Card dated 2/21/A4, ROBBIN stated 1his main occupation had been as a carpenter foreman � Years in field!.His employer had en the LANSING HOUSING 00., Chicago, 111., until 5/i5/ ,where he earned &#39; &#39; �

42� H15 duties were listed as supervision of »entire construction o sma oes, ordering of necessary&#39;materials, arrang-ning for delivery, hiring and firing employees, distributing pay checks, and ~keeping records of construction costs. On this same form, ROBSIN listedas his second best occupation, Manager, Retail Auto Service, where he managedhis own service station. , .

r .. ,., _ ¥@ ?��NAU92 .As of 12/10/45, ROBBIN stated his main civilian occupation

mes Manager, Retail Automotive Service, and he was last employed in own &#39;service station. His job preference was listed as Building Contracting, pChicago, Illinois. �

_ls requested in Indianapolis letter to Bureau, A/8/50, twocopies of this report are being forwarded to Indianapolis, since ROBBIN isthe subject of a security investigation in that office Indianapolis file�lOO-8829!

_ ENCLOSURES � - .

BUREAU � A photos of JAMES JEROME ROBBIN.

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activitioa eta ible link to Canadian espionage 5- -F.�ring, and � in particular, cited. Possible 5 U;suspeota, from HALPERI1i&#39;s�notabook, listed and &#39;leads set out to secure descri tiv data. and photographs» _

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5� Numerous additional possible auspqcts obtained from �__ .

FUCHS� known movements obtained J5&#39;

,_ _ rolls of U.S. male citizezgs employed by-Amtorg, NYC, ,,_._ _" ~ &#39; 1944-1946; leads not forth to obtain descriptions, _

x Q1-M3 photos. Names of additional Russian students at , _ l�"1; Columbia Universi. NYC, 1942-1944 obtained; otol I &#39;&#39; &#39; � viewed OSCAR JO AGO,- -.- :1 forwarded. I- mama am, 4/11, 12/so; no 1 ntification �

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vole Jasmléoo��l�, =~kav~?¬=»<=r=*=1eConfidential Informant T-5, of known reliability, reports that

BOORST1N was born Ootober 1, 1914 at Atlanta, Georgia. He received an ABdegree from Harvard in 1934 and thereafter attended Oxford University, England,receiving a BA degree in 1936. He became a member of the staff at HarvardUniversity and Radcliff ad from 1939 to 1942 he taught law and history atHarvard. Later, aooordig to T-5, in 1944, BOORSTIN became Assistant Professorof Law and tutor to the Comittee on Social Thought at the University ofChicago, Chicago, Illinois, where he was still teaching in 1947, BOORSTINwas rejected from military service at Chicago in April 1945 due to severeneurotic symptoms-

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Confidential Informant T:§, an informant of the Boston Office,

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that

mg, §w~./OP/M.On February 12, 1941 BREGMAN was hired by General Electric, Lynn,

Massachusetts, as a civil engineer-

Confidential Informant T-7, of known reliability, advises thatin 1945 BREGMAN was employed by the Polaroid Corporation, Boston, and had alsoworked for the Holtzer Cabot Electrical Corporation, Boston, and the BethlehemSteel Company, Quincy, Massachusetts. An of 1947 BREBMAN"was living at 4 NazingCourt, Roxbury, Massachusetts.

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&#39; In connection with the investigation of FUCHS, who is a brother-in-law of ISRAEL HALPERIN the following individuals are believed worthy ofconsideration and will be identified hn&#39;t-her: &#39;

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- Conf entisl Informant &#39;1�-l2, of known reliabili ed in _194: that Dr. IMW oi� the nsu project wrote » New [9York, suggesti� at a small group of physicists oonnec ed w uraniumresearch confer periodical ng those listed for invitation to this ofconference was � SZ1I.ARD&#39;s employment with the nsu project Bf,terminated in m e o June 1946. s &#39; 9 &#39;

An unspecified informant of the Boston Office vised on January8, 194�! that WENDELL H. FURRY, in a conference with HENRY ALLMAN, s scientist

GUNDHEILER ph!. According to FURRY, GUNDHEIIER is a good friend of _LEVINSON and could be the source of i.ni&#39;orms.tion regarding the progre s onguided� missile projects. WALL-MAN stated that LEVINSON had been assignedseveral complex mathematical problems by GUNDHEILER for solution. Theproblems related to the work of the Naval Office of Scientific Research andInvention. &#39;

funny-ed by the United States Navy Research Bureau, mentioned the name

- Leads are being set forth to identify these two individuals further.

HAROL2�&§SI�NO&#39;W�I&#39;1�Z - &#39;T-3 advised that GERSHINOWITZ was horn at Brooklyn, New York on

August 31, 1910 and his home address was listed as 1419 Avenue I, Brooklyn,New York. He attended Harvard University Graduate School, majoring inChemistry from 1931 to 1934. He was employed at Harvard as a research assistantin the Chemistry Department starting July 1, 1936- �I&#39;-3 stated that previouslyhe had attended City College of New York from I927 to 1931 receiving a BBdegree.

, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, From _l 2 to 1945 he resided at 40 East 10th Street, New York City, during which -period he was a chemist for the Shell Oil Company, 50 West 50th Street, NewYork City. Sometime in 1945 he returned to Houston, Texas where he continuedhis employment with the Shell Oil Company. V ~

E é -From July 1, 1935 to June 30, l936 he was employed by Professor

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Confidential Informant T-18, an informant of the Newark Office,has advised that KORR was born August 24, 1909 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,and attended the University of Pennsylvania from 1926 to 1932 when he receivedhis BA and MA degrees. He attended Princeton University from 1&2 to 1935,receiving a Ph.D. From 1936 to April 1943 he taught at New York UniversityCollege oi� Medicine, New York City.

His father, SAMUEL Ex��li, and his mother, BEG, bothnatives of Russia, reside in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As oi� February 1944,KORR was residing at 175 Pinkney Road, Little Silver, New Jrsey. He is aregistrant oi� Local Board 19, New York City, where he is described as 5&#39;6",145 pounds, dark brown hair, dark brown eyes, dark complexion. In February1944 KORE was employed as a physiologist in the Cl imatio Research Division,Signal Corps, General Development Laboratory, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey.

Confidential Informant &#39;1�-19, cf known reliability, advised theNew York Office that KORR&#39;s employment with the Signal Corps was terminated onDecember 23, 1944 and that KORE was to commence employment with the OrdnanceDepartment, Princeton, New Jersey, as a psychologist in the Office ofScientific Research and Development. He terminated this employment June 23,l945 and on July 16, 1946 KORR intended to assume a position with the SquibbInstitute for Medical Research at New Brunswick, New Jersey, under anotherOSRJJ contract.

01-:n!@m, wizsél iasee,Ale an, Ale and an ,

A» we» §a�1!§I1@~e°*-*~ Q1.�-=2Confidential Informant &#39;1�-20, an informant oi� the Boston Office,

advised that ELAN was born July 29, 1908 at Vilna, Poland. From 1936 to 1.941he was employed as e. Senior Computer, United States Engineers Depariznent, WarDepartment, Boston District. From February to April 193C he was with the M� _Federal Cczmnunioations Commission, 195 Broadway, New York City. He attended fa}; Q;City College of New York from 1927 to 1932 and was awarded the degrees of BS KN �rin Engineering and BS in Electrical Engineering. 92 we�:

W ��rH-on June 1941 to July 1944 ELAN was employed by Stone I: WebsterCorporation, Boston. *~

Confidential Informant T-21, another informant of the BostonOffice, advised that on July l7, 1944 ELAN was employed by the Federal Telephone

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have been obtained by the Washington Field Office and are being forwarded tothe Bureau and Boston. All of these photographs reveal DEUTSCH has a fullmustache.

ERHS %ERGMANConfidential Informant T-26, of known rel iabi , advised on�Ecember 5, 1945 that ABRAHAM BROTI~EsQ§92!�s secretary, M1RI KOV�TZ, contacted

one Dr. BEQGMAN, who agreed to see BROTHMAN on December 6 or 9, 1945. BERGMANalso asked that BROTHMAN meet with him and an engineer from Palestine. BERG}-ULNindicated he would be in New York City only during the week-end; that hislaboratory is in Philadelphia. A definite appointment was by MOSKOWITZfor BROTHMAN to see BELZGMAN at 4:30 p.m. on December 8, l K

The same informant advised thaFOTI£MAN had an appointment tosee Dr. BERGMAN on December 28, 1945 at 10: pun. in the Russian Tea Room,New York City%_! ur

The same informant advised thaig20TI-QLQN agreed to meet with Dr.BERGMAN in BERGMJ92.N&#39;s suite in the Hotel Salis u , 123 West 57th Street, NewYork City, on the evening of December 27, l94 A

Confidential Informant T-29, of" known reliability, advised thatone Dr. ERNST BERGMAN, address London, England, a scie ist, frequently stayedat the Hotel Salisbury and occupied the suite of CM I�MMI, now Presidentof Israel. T-29 believed that BEHGMAN was possibly c nnected with thePalestine Red Cross.

Confidential Informant T~30, of known reliability, advised thatERNST BERGMANN, a Palestinian, then residing at 25 Grosvenor Crescent News,London, England, executed a visa application on July 10, 1942- He was bornOctober 18, 1903 at Karlsruhe, Germany and, according to his application,was Coming to the United States for a temporary visit on business. Hisprofessional field to be followed in the United States, according to T-30,was "chemical research". BERGAN obtained a Ph.D. degree as a researchchemist from Berlin University and prior to the application, had resided inBerlin from 1908 to 1933, in London from July to September 1933, and in &#39;Palestine from January 1954 to April 1940. His previous employment was �shown as follows: x 2

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TOP 81° -- 92921924 - 1933 -~ Assistant and lecture:-,, Department of Chemistry, Berlin 92 rg� University� &#39; &#39; �

July to September� 1933 �- Assistant to Dr. CHAIN WEIZMNN, Featherstone -Labor stories, London� &#39;

1934 - 1940 - Daniel Sieff Researoh.Institute, Rehovoth, Palestine, ta

1940 - July 1942 - Assistant to Dr. WEIZMANN, Grosvanor Laboratory, London

BERGMAN actually arrived in the United Staten on August 12,. 1942.As of December 9, 1943 BERGN-�LN furnished his address as 123 West 57th Street,New York City, stating he was a registrant of Local Board 31, New York. Heindicated he desired to make a trip to London, England to do some scientificresearch for Dr. CHAIM �NEIZMANN. He indicated he would leave the United F;States about December 15,1943. At that time he held Palestine passport#147736 dated December 4,1939, valid until August 22, 1944. He indicatedthan that he was a member of the American Chemical Society. -

BERGMAN actually left the United States January 12, 1944 and 92apparently did not return until March 3, 1945, travelling on a passport issued §§in London, England,.dated January 18, 1945, due to expire January 18, 1947. - QBERGMAN indicated to the lmigration and Naturalization Servioe,.Hew York, &#39;that the purpose of this visit to the United States was to complete his Jassignment in connection with the production of synthetic rubber on the 7invitation of the WPB,_Washington, D. C. BERGMAN again departed from the , ,United States on January 5, 1946 and was re-admitted at New York on October 9, f�,1947. He again departed from the United States on January 15, 1948.. There &#39; �is a further reoord of BERGMAN&#39;a entry into the United States on April 13, 1949on Plane F-Bazo, and his departure on May 5,_1949 on Diplomatic pass #il9issued by the Foreign Office, Government of Israel, March 27,,1949, as specialadviser to the President of Israel.

The following is a physical description of BERGMAN obtained fromImmigration records: �

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Age 46 born 10/18/O3 Karlsruhe, Germany!Height 5&#39;1" ~;Weight 11s 11»- < � rEyes Brown ,5.;&#39;lHair Brown " =�Y�&#39;

Citizenship PalestineIn connection with BERGMAN it is to be noted that actually he left

the United States on January 12,, 1944 and apparently, acoording to Immigration

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GERALDINE MARTIN, Regiatrex-&#39;0 Office, New YorkUniversity .

ELIZABETH CARWIG, College of Engineering, New YorkUniversity

JOHN MoCAUSLAND, Realtor, 16 Court Street, Brooklyn

STANLEY JULIUS HOWUKE, superintendent at 5501 14thAvenue, Brooklyn

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LILLIAN KURNICH, paymaster at Jakobaon J: Company,22&#39;! East 44th Street, New York City

BEATRICE STANLEY, Personnel Officer, Jekobson andCompany

SHORTRIDGE HA1-&#39;lDES�I&#39;Y, partner, Hardeaty A: Hanover,101 Park Avenue, New York City

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I . _. _ f.~3_= &#39;_ JGUJAH %___._,__;{, L;¢;_&#39;. .~" I �""&#39;~&#39;* also known as �-ff" *1�, " �*" " " &#39;

, IT-Y1 IKF&#39;Jr.a:.~.!!09 coamaeo &#39; &#39; J Carson Hark, Carson BarkB£?.£!N!s1m:1A!23t?I£bEXC§"1�i_ _. .- - I ,,~ _ _. ~ ermmmsxomomawxsz. _,.;1;�- &#39; &#39; - >5 : &#39;1

. _ _ ~ 1|-, . *. &#39;. K bl llark was born on July 6, 1913, at Lindsay, Ontario, Canada. Hie_ _ ather Ina Dr. c.� n. Mark, and his mother, Pearl u. Hark. �16-101.19-;,3!.. 9

�L - From 1932 until 1935, he resided at -139 Richmond Street, Londdn, " -.anada. From 1932 to 1935, he attended the University of Western Chat-arid in

A London, Canada, where he received e B. A. Degree in Mathematics andfhyeies. I. �3-6"&#39;1o1o19-&#39;1!~ _ I - &#39;-if--3&#39; ~: _ »j:--=&#39;- l . -,-- ,_,, 3:.--. ,~_- 1.?--&#39;_�. &#39; -&#39;

Ha is considered to be one of the ablest nan ever to graduate from - Ythis school. �16-10419-3! __ Q A. - - _ - q-- 9

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From 1935 to 1938, he attended the University of Toronto at TorontoCanada, where he received a Ph. D. Degree in Vathematics. During this periodhe was employed as e teaching fellow at the University of Toronto. Whileattending the University, he resided at the St. Edmonds Apartments from 1935to 1936; at 289 Foman Avenue from 1936 to 193&#39;? and in an apartment located 9at the northeast corner of Isabella and Church gtreets, Toronto, from 1937 to� .1938. From 1938 to 1943, he was employed ae a lecturer at the University of

4 Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. During the Summers of 1940 and 1941; he attended &#39;

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Ihile at the University of Manitoba from 1938 to 191,0, he resided at &#39;o Aynerby Street; from 1940 to 191.1, =1». 452 1-way Street; and from 191,1 to: 1� &#39;T

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.-. 3-»92 u6_1O4l§r:§1;| 19.4.3 to 1945, he resided at 936 Pratt Avenue, Montreal, Canada. _From Bay, 191,3, to May, 191,5, he iraa employed as an associate research "Xphyeioist, National Research Gonncil, Montreal, Canada. �16-104.19-1; and 100-- _

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_&#39;_-.i- Bengt Carlson, a ecientiet who worked with Hark in Montreal and &#39; "{K later at Ins Llamos, has described Hark as conservative, loyal, and patriotic. 1*_ He advised that Hark was active in forming the Canadian Association of _ 1 f. Scientific Workers and that he&#39;wae intimate with Dr. Raymond Boyer and Norman i. . �-> goal, thelatter or ifhon was outspoken in his Sonmrunistic leaningm �15-10419-3_f% <.�j

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A On March 21, 191.5. Dr. Carson Hark was master of ceremonies at aSpring Social oi� the Canadian Association of Scientific Workers. Entertainment _ ~

U� consisted of recorded songs by Paul Robeson and the ilmanac Singers. The - 3 &#39;-Association of Scientific Workers in Montreal is said to" be dominated by the . __Communist element. �16-101,19-11; 100-359496-1, p.2!. - . . . . >

~ - _ &#39; llarkhas listed membership in the Canadian Association of Scientific �l

e Workers mm 191.1. to 191.6. no-10419-1!. . &#39; &#39; e ,. L >4> Q � - _ ___ . .. . u

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~&#39; From Hay, l9l.5, to April, 1946, Hark was employed by the National$ Research council of Canada as an associate research physicist at Santa Fe, _§M New Hexioo, He entered the United States at Detroit, Michigan, on lay 29, -

191.9. no-_1o/.19-i!._ 4 ___.__ t , » *1�L

A newspaper clipping from the Montreal, Canada, Gazette of e *3September 20, 1945, stated that the Montreal Branch of the Canadian Associationof Scienti�c Workers had adopted a resolution that the secret of the atomicbomb should be turned over to the United Nations Security Council. it thattime there were 211 members in the Montreal Branch. �00-354211-l, p.3!.

From December 21, 1945, to October 6, 191.7, Mark resided at 1347 n - A �23rd Street, Loc Llama, New Mexico. �16-10419-8!. g . - �

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In April, 1947, Mark no employed by the University of California atLos Llamos. �1.6-10419-1!. . l - _ �

Pursuant to our u t on July 20, 191,6, the Manhattan EngineerDistrict advised zm .e one of the individuals who ma access to ,_information not cont no e nth Report. _ lOO-190625-2l,09I,p.l9!. � . .e

&#39; 92=. PM D 95 -~ On October 1, 191.6, Mark declared his intention of becozrlgng a �United iStates citizen, Petition #249, filed at Santa Fe, New Hezico. �16-10419-11!. "

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attended a meeting of the _ .

Federation-31, pp._2_ and 5; -~16;__-l-_3 - - � "

l. recorded by bminutes &#39;

an ticlto ar s former Assistant � &#39;s Statementof War John J.

andalthough the HcO1oy article, and the bomb as dio-

cussed by Mccloy, was mentioned at the PAS meeting, that the term tritiumwas not associated with the bomb. This was confirmed by J.Bobert Oppenheimer "_ _and others present. The Atomic Energy Commission has said that while it innot objectionable to refer to Tritium, it is objectionable from curitstandpoint as tritium is associated with AEO weapon research. �nsone of the individuals present at this meeting who might have ha e ormationdivul d 100- 67 7 - - ~ewiv -»-e>- so D°5

On May 27, 1947, information was received that Robert Remix: Davis wasa close associate of Carson Hark and that Davis lived adjacent to Mark at Lon ._ ~Llamas. �16-3793-32!. » &#39; - � - -

Robert Raymond Davis was born in Idaho in 1917. He mrrisd Charlotte, anee Heeske. He was employed by the University of California on April 1, 191,3,and was assigned to the D Division at Los Alsmos. He was a group leader andwas editor oi� the Technical Series Publications being prepared at the Project.Davie has stated that he believes that security measures should be relaxed andthat he also believes that Bussia is further advanced in atomic research thanthe United States. He was a member of the Association of Los 5-lance Scientistsand concurred with the policy of that organization in the total dissemination &#39;

the discontinusnc manu-the ABC in e oncsmim _Ihioh time a d that bothAs e result s admission, he was

» eluded areas. Hie

�16-2:793-12,63!. 176 Ebl; s.u.D9E .- _

Lt Los Alanos, Dr. and Mrs. Jordan Carson Mark were also close friendsand associates of Robert Harshak. �16-966945!. , .7r

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of all information regardingacture oi� atomic bombs. On

his co with thehe md joined the Party Lnsuspend e enied access toemployment was terminated by the AEC on

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T@¬ECR£T §&#39; Y &#39; &#39; &#39;* Iarehak was one of the leaders at the Theoretical Physics

�Division at Les Llamoa while Fuchs was there. He is presently a physicist j &#39; _e at the University of Rochester in New Iark. lsrshah was born_in New York _.. 1

Oity.ct Russian-born parents. Hie wife is the daughter or Russian-horn &#39; ;A . parents. in aunt, Ella llarehak oi�- �ew York City, and an uncle, David" iiarshek ct Kev York City, have been and may still he members of the Communist - -

Party. llarshak&#39;s parents, Barry and Rose, and his sister, Ruth Earahak,have been affiliated with the National Council for American-Boviet Friendship. &#39; �His aunt, Edith Marshals, has �been active in Russian Iar Relief. His first cousin,Marsha Best Sohulman, is s-former member of the Young Communist League, whose ~ -�husband, Bernard, resigned from the Communist Party in order tode more VIeffective work on the putside. Marshal: has been very active in the Federation � *oi� American Scientists and in 1947 was National Chairman oi� that organization V &#39;_;which has advocated dissemination of atomic information. He has criticizedthe Atomic Energy Commission and the FBI for unduly prolonged clearance pro-

closely associated with Dr. Bernard Peters who accerd- -_ *ormant in San Fr &#39;,

In Jane, 19./,7,&#39;l!ark was interviewed regarding Marshals. At that time, _Hark stated that he was a close personal friend oi� Llarshak and that he hadknown him while working in Canada. Hark stated that Marshal: favored inter-national dissemination of atomic information, that Hsrshak had recently beenChairman of the Federation of American Scientists, and that he, Mark, had &#39; -1attended all the FAS meetings. Hark said that the F48 was concerned re- .

4

�gs:-ding the urgent necessity of some control or cooperative arrangement whichmight he devised among the various nations for international control and &#39; gdissemination oi� atomic information. �.16-9669-7!. , &#39; _ <

In October, 191.7, Mark&#39;s reference, Victor F. Weisskopf oi� the _Massachusetts Institute of Technolog, highly recommended Hark as to loyalty. .-�16-1o:.19-4!. _-~~ :_. e- _-_ V ~ 92 . DOE

associa with � from �is said to he bin

and to have es friends who are oi� theParty. �00-355926-2,p.£.!._

Weisskopf has corresponded with scientists and scientific organi-� .~zations in Russia. He is said to be hitter about the secrecy relative to_ &#39;

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._ . _ -&#39;.,;__.,¢!g-,~;-1-», * &#39; ToP¢cREr. iduration to Russia leaving the children with Rudolph, and that during this .time Rudolph and Ursula were living in 8ni_t:crlmd- �e stated that R_uiolph_~nod Ursula were ultimately divorced and that they were cousin�: although the -exact degree of relationship is unknown. According to lire.� Qettner etter tho.divorce Rudolph went to �teheren end dieappeaz-ed._ �00-210002-171155 ;-&#39; T�

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. L . ."�§�."� � &#39; - I-_~.�._-_&#39;.He is also said to have been employed as an archifact in Berlin,

Germany, from 1930 to -1932. �00-210002-17:9! A5 I n -- = - i . ",_ . . 1 _ _ -; 4,. - .- -" r. c c .. .. - . - .. ~ --1* $5-&#39; -&#39; 92 &#39;"-&#39;. &#39; -- n. . I ., _- ___ 1 _ - �_ - &#39;1 .~ - �_. -- . -1:. f�� �V � &#39; .~_ . . . .A - A. , . . � . -,; ,_,,_ o_ > .92 -* :, .� � I _ 4 -._ 92- _ ;

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was employad by the Public Works Department of the Shanghai Municipal /*1�council and that in September, 1935, his wife, U. Hamburger, was involvedin a matter with the Shanghai Municipal Police in connection with 1 -_ ~ �meinmettal typewriter, number 165227.� -This typewriter was round in�, _-April, 1935, in Apartment No. 5 _at 1986 Avenua Joffra in Shanghai, the "~ 7&#39; -residence of Joseph �Holden, alias Dr. Maxim Rivosh, an egent of the �miniInternational who was arrested in Shanghai on Hey 5, 1935, by �ag shanghaiMunicipal Police and was sentenced to 15 yeera imprisonment on August 2&#39;7 &#39; 4. W

1935, by the Hid�: Court of Hupeh onchergoa of espionage. On January�V1Q�~�

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;nCl�Bt received in October, l9l.9, mfleots that in 1935 Rudolph Hamburger &#39;ch/�A

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�.1 &#39; - H�mburi�r-had informed Weder that she was -oo&#39;nnacte&#39; &#39; with a&#39;0erman named I: I� "¢.;,,§W ._

- _ _ .-._at, upgzmqjoz payment wasin Peking; China; and me he.&#39;hs&#39;d mode the psy-

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|§_�, -� 1- , 1935} Ir.» £11311-it Vader, �mnghai represents" ve for Rheimeybal typewriters; . 1 -.-Z__.-,-haa�=i1pp1_1aa;&#39;ur¢._u.in;mbm-g¢={ 111.1; three Rheinnetagll� typswi_1ués.&#39;. �nu-strm-a whet was -af/.the�_time -ma� ;&#39;epi~�esentative&#39;"for Rheirnnettal iipm-inks Pm - &#39; _;:A92lu_k<ien, _92!a�n¢huria." < Shehad-agI&#39;eed ta t.ake�t192eAtyp6w!:iters,&#39;to"llu1cden end I-&#39; A-do_liv_e1"},them -to. Patra, ex1&#39;.$1ainin&#39;g"tha1_:_ this ~would_l1:.&#39;1hyiate H j izhei danger of ~ -

� breakage en route, Weder had received_, &#39;a cable &#39;1;-oi Patra �¬i-Hung um-.�zm�, ¢f,l&#39;A",&#39;?"5-typewriters wena~�§o_bo_supp1iod to_ll1_&#39;s; glgznblirgera 1_�!1e._f.ypgw1&#39;1fa:_&#39; in question, ;&#39;§+,- ii

_ &#39;92I_mber 16$_22�7,"was one of the t.hree_type&#39;wr_1te4rs delivered byweder to Hrs, " _ _ J,. _ . A &#39;b_urger_. >Paymén1_; for these typewriters was made by check signed Rudolph &#39;1�

. A.._Ham_burg&#39;er, whose explanation to Shanghai authorities-was that his wife

> men�; to accamnodate -hsr_ and as Va favor to Patra with whqnhe -was not - ~&#39; &#39;.i , aoquainted but who was a triena -of his wife. Rudolph gave this explanation _

to_S1anghai authorities on Septe&#39;mber>20} 1935, and added&#39;that he was leaving" . Shanghai on the following day 1,0 join his wife in __Pekin&#39;g.froin whence they__ � I-.~

� I Lwene going.to Germany via S_ibe"ria.; Mrs. Hamburger was reported. _to operate � &#39; a Bookstore in_llu1<de&#39;n,_llanchuria,:whi1e hexf husband resided in&#39;$hanghai_.?® @

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orking at Princeton University on a leave of absence from Les Alamos. 3 _ �Richtqer and the Security Qffice of the Atomic Energy Commission at &#39;1Los ilamos were in several controversies in which Richtmyer insisted thatcertain security measures delayed the work in which he was engaged. Hetook the attitude that it would be advisable to relax security regulationsand put trust in the integrity oi� the individual employees who have access toclassified information. �00-359496-5!. N,j_p_U_92_q_ Q,� �ova - q

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Hark received a letter postmarked February 14,, 191.9, from Evans at &#39;Princeton, New Jersey. &#39; This probably refers to George Foster i�.vans, _an employee in the Theoretical Division at Los Alanos, who was in Princeton &#39;st that time on �business. �00-3591.96-5!. ._ ._ .- _ _. _ -- v- . .

Hark received a letter postmarked February 16, 191,9, from Hullaney, ,&#39;mailed at Princeton, New Jersey. This probably refers to Joseph F. llullaney,&#39;an employee in the Theoretical Div�on st Les ilamos, then on leave of _-absence at Princeton University. �00-359/.96-5!. _< _ _

Stark received a letter postmarked February 16, 191.9, from R. L. -Petritz, mailed at Evanston, Illinois. This letter indicated that the writer,Richard Louis Petritz, a graduate student in the Department of Physics atNorthwestern University, wanted summer employment at Loe Alamos and didnot know Mark personally. �00-3594.96-5!. »- . ._ 1

Mark received a letter postmarked February 1&#39;7, 1949, from Jacksonmailed at Cambridge, Massachusetts. John David Jackson, MIT, has been &#39;in correspondence with Mark for employment at Los Alamos. Jackson was born inLondon, Canada, on January 17, 1925. He ca.me.to the United States in .June, 1946. He is studying at HIT under Ileisskopi�, whom he lited as sreference. �00-359/+96-5"!. _ _ _ __. 4- j 92

Mark received a letter dated February 1&#39;7, 1949, from Dorothy S. - &#39;Hc�ibbin, 1220 II�. sets Street, Kansas City, Missouri. Dorothy Lnn Scan-ittticliibbin, an employee of the University of California at Los Llamas, has &#39;

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associated with the artitic set at Santa Fe, many of whom have poor moral 1-s;§at;.i&#39;tions and several of whom are said to be sympathetic towards Communism. She issaid to be l . She has had social contact with David and Frances Hawhns. .�00-259496-$1 92 . - _ . » - ~ _e �

° left an envelop» an = was atin Yieshi on T s material was reviewed by th itomi E C, . . e c ner ion ,

�and was determined to be neither secret nor classified. The name 1was listed among the material. The envelope also contained a let rom *

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material from the Atcmi ner ssion. This was not con- ,e n The documents consisted of speeches and

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Harlow Shapley has been Director of the Harvard Observatory since . - " I�- .33e1921. His wife, Martha Bets, another astronomer, is of German extraction. " - " -1Shapley reportedly speaks, reads, and writes fluently in Russian, French, _�-~_$and German._ He is said to regard scientists as above the law of the land &#39; - -in all matters, tohelieve in complete freedom for scientists in research, _._. - 4. -, 4to be sincerely interested in promoti human welfare eve here in the *118 17" . -world, and to be an atheist, anti-British, pa-c-Russian, and pro-German. AHe is a member of the following Communist Party front or pro-Soviet groups: "American Youth for Democracy, National Committee to Win the Peace, Rational mCouncil for American-Soviet Friendship, Lmerican~Russian Institute, Joint * 1� - &#39;Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, Committee of One Thousand, and the WorldFederation of Scientific Workers. �00-31,8125-206!. 1 - ,&#39;,- &#39;1 <1 &#39;_; &#39;

On December 9, .1949, it was determined that Jordan Carson Hark wasone of the scientists presently employed in the Theoretical Physics Divisionof the Les ilamos Scientific Laboratory who was there at the tine that Fuchs Hand Peierls were there from 191$ to 1945 �5-58805-40!. " &#39; &#39; * &#39;

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Hark is described as follows:e . .

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Ju1y6,1913 - ._Lindsay, Ontario, Canada &#39; f . -_�,Canadian; entered U. S. -may 29, 1945, at Detroit, Michigan; "�=&#39;Alien Registration Number 7-522733Ph.D- Degree in Mathematics �University of California at Lee Alamos,as group leader, Group &#39;1�-4. -- � -

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._ _ I 5; is also said to have gone� from china to Persia in 19l§O and- have been employed by Persian llinistry of Industry and Arts as an &#39; &#39; � "

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. A .. _ &#39;5,-1;; 15 191.3,&#39;ba is said to nus left me eepieyuent with the &#39; &#39; .. Persian Ministry of Industry ami l 21,0002-1&#39;7!1! P91»* From June 23, 1941 to 1lay_%Z;.§9 Rudolph Hamburger was employed by &#39;&#39; the Iranian Oovermsnt as an architect in Teheran. �00-21000?-1719; 100-344753-384,

- enclosure, pages 104 to, 106! > < > _ _ V _&#39; 92 _

-_ - on ;-eh 9, 1943, Rudelph Hamburger contacted a Persian eaployee of _ _&#39; the American Railway Service in Iran, said that he was a Russian spy and that &#39; &#39;

he wished to buy military and political information. Ttudolph I-lemburger Ian then put- under a- physical and microphone surveillance by tne counter Intelligence Corps,Military Intelligence Department, Persian Gulf command-&#39; On April 19, 1943, hewas arrested. He admitted that no bed been caught redhanded but refused to talk. &#39;on tne following day, April 20, 1943, he was released by the American authorities

A to the 3;-lush security suthori 25, 1943 Abe was questioned by �<&#39; the British but refused to talk. u_ /,m,§i;u.»:.:z, P�-5-A- J~./u~n-92

&#39;?Xl;l00-pages to106! _ .t __

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� on Ilay 23, 1943, Rudolph Baburger eashsd the following American ExpressI Conpew trsvelere Checks at the Imperial Bed: of Iran: " . _ - &#39; _

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r r TONECRET. aPrim Aug-.nst.r; 9, Wilmerederf, &rli y. He was destined to an uncle,,Herman �ettner, 47 East &Fth Street, New York �ity. This was rerorted to hehis furnt United States -.-r-try. The pin-pose of his visit was not indicated outhe proposed to stay 60 days. His last foreign residence was listed an Zakopany,

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It has been reported&#39;that on October 31, 1939, Rudolph receivedHonduran nassport 3012 issued in the name of Rodolfo xlberto Hamburger hearingvisa stamps penmitiing trnvel.to the Netherlands, East Indies and India. After&#39;obtaining this passport Rudolph left Switzerland and went to Shanghai, China,where he remained until the Japanese occupation. Thereafter he proceeded tothe Netherlands, East Indies and then_to Chungking, where he arrived in March, V1940, and found a Job as an architect. He egain left China and proceeden bya Dutch boat tcnatavia where he arrived April 24, 1940. subaequently he passedthrough Colanbo and thereafter he secured_employment as an architectural _engineer io the Persian Ministry of Industry and Arts. �00-210002-1727!

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* I Dr. Viktor Hamburger, of �Washington University in st. Louis, Missouri, ~ &#39;5and a brother of Rudolph Hamburger, receivod lotto:-a written by Rudolph Hamburger � �

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in the Spring of 191.5 at his r » .-&#39;residence, �K770 Ihshington Boulevard, Uni;-Ers_:_g1:»y City, I_:Lasour.l.,&#39; and he admitted " . 1um. both he and his father ma maintains correspondence um Ursula. �5-30136-es!

- . � 4H � " � I On Apr-11 12, 1945, Viktor ilnmburger was interviewed ind tux-niahedl� � &#39; 1 -

Rudolph�: letter of Decembar 10, 1912- Thia letter indicate: that Rudolph in -in touch with Ursula as lam as December, 1942- "She referring to a letter

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u� " ibte. this intonation is somewhat obscure, bot this reference A -, .-states that Otto Hamb married -En llarie Kunfi in September, 1948 and " &#39;that sheias formerly ma d&#39;to Otto", having been divoreedin ShanghaiOctober &#39;31, 1944- The rs es states that she has also been married to- &#39;1 - ~.

~ - � - . 92tto lhmburgsr is known to have used the alias Han &#39; " HPei Chim�� u . . L ; A " _ &#39; 92 &#39;- �00-210002-1913! &#39;_ . _ In the summer of 949 Henry I. steinfeld was interviewed in - . .

New York City and advised at he visited Otto Hamburger in December, 1948.Otto told Steinfeld at tmt time that some one in Shanghai had received e _postcard from Rimdolph Irouraomswhere in Russia. » - _ �00-210002-31!

, A In November, , Viktor ikunburger advised that during the summer &#39;Of 1949 hi! father, I81, had gone 140116!-Orl, England and visited With ottefiamburgerand Ursula Beurton. &#39; - _> -_ ~ s- �00-210002-41! _

On December 20, -1949, lire. Robert B. Eve lIaria!.E:ira1l, 6525&#39; A ALakewood Boulevard, Tacoma, �Iaahington, advised that she was married in_Bhanghai, China to Otto Hamburger and lived with him there from July, 1943 �until February, 1944. She said that there were rumors that one _o£ Otto&#39;s� &#39;brothers lived in Shanghai with a Chinese landlady until shortly after PearlHarbor. She has heard that this brother and the landlady traveled togetherthrough the Japanese lines and went to Chungking, Chins, wheresometime &#39; &#39; _�later e radio, possibly a transmitter, was found in this brother&#39;s possession.She hesrdene rumor that this brother was shot as e spy and another rumor thathe escaped and went to Russia. . - P &#39; � �00-210002-U»! _ " &#39;

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Captaisnobert Dwell, or the ted states Lam? It will su seqam ,_ _ _,;,,_appear that elm is apparently presently married to Ewell.! !! ~- J - -"*4. .1 _ It 100- - &#39; &#39;4;

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d he h�£3."�Id.ne. This firm is not lietggl in the 193+�? directory, but , &#39;-&#39;R°l 3 H8 i ..� O; Hamburger 1e listed in the 19-�+7 and the 194l$&#39;¬_lirector&ea, it _ _ . &#39; a

228 Rue Delaetre, shanghai. In 1945 Of-to Hnmburger_wae hated ea one 0!� , � .the Europeans in Chine who had taken out Partugueee citizenship aubeequent to >-December 7, 19:51. H6 ma been married to Eva Marie Kunfi, I stateless mmgari.ar92__;_born in 1923. rm; women went to Chine 1n_193 . She attended. school an mulled, x �Prom December, 1941» until October, 1945 BM 0 United S*MA!- Fmm &#39; "

� � &#39; I - �QB U0 Se k in I1� _- . ,October,1 5t.o.o<: bea,19/.6, nhsneenp_ ry _ [my _smgm.%_<gjtf_!w r_ � _~ _ _- .&#39; Ql�ra

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DR. DEL JULIUS ILAUS FUCHS

FEBHUARI 6, 1950

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a numerous on &#39;7&#39;7th Street,es am ms Streets, has tailed to locate new toner b Iapartment.

Upon his arrival in the United States �che advised that he Iasemployed by the British Government at the Department oi� Scientific andIndustrial Research, and stated that his business address in the Unitedstates Iould be A3 Exchange Place, New York City. Shortly thereafter hisbusiness address was changed to Care oi� of Supply Mission,Room 2500, 37 Iall Street, New York City

kit Ohrlstme, 1943, according to mobs, he paid his s � t

to his sister, Kristel Heinemn, at Cambridge, Massachusetts &#39; u_

on my 29 and 30, 194-4, �che is reported to have visited Montreal,_ cenada, fo onference with members of the National Research Council 92oi&#39;~ ms. Q. u.

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The records of the Atomic me:-g7 Commission contiin e ltatement�, that Fuchs was supposed to leave for Lee Alamo: on August 11, 1944.

The recorde of the Atomic berg Cmmiseion at Ipe Llama, �ewMexico, reflect that Fuchs arrived there on Autlwt 11,, 191,4. � At InaAlemos he worked in the Theoretical Phyeicsjlivieion of the Inboratcryand resided in R001! 17, Dormitory &#39;1�-102.

me records at Los Llano: also reflect that on February ll, 1945,Fuchs left there for e vacation with Kristel I-leineman at 141, Lakev-Lew Avenue,cambridge, Massachusetts. Prior to leaving he advised that he would be atCambridge from February 13th to 22nd. He remrned to L08 Demos onFebruary 25, 1.945, and stated that there had been no deviation tron theitinerary he had furnished.

1&#39;he Ipa Llamas records .fD.rtl_1er reflect that on liovenber 21,1945, �che departed for Montreal, Canada, vie. Chicago, for a tro-dayconference with nipresentatives of the British Organization, and for 0.vacation in llexico. Umierqtinenrylhe ehowed that he would be in llontreel,cans-da, November 2, 1945 - November 23, 19b5, Llbuquermle November 24,1945, _glbuquerque to Mexico City and beck November 24, 1945, to December 8, 1945.mere was no� indication that 1-��che had reported his return to Los Alemos orIhether there had been em deviations from hie itinemry $5 V» Mfrjip. _-,-_ Dpé

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Immigration and naturalization service records at Ipredo, lens,reflect that Rudolph and Eugenia Psierls entered the United St?-tee atIaredo enronts to England by Icy or Santa Fe, Hell Mexico, on December 8,1945

�me records at Los

Pocbs departed permanently from Los Lhmos,traveling to D.G., according to the records at Los Ahmos.

On June 17, 1946, Fuchs Ils at the Hotel Sheraton, Iashing-ton,D.c.The records reflect that he either checked in on that date for a one-night&#39;sstay, or checked out on that date after e one-nightls stay, probably thelltt�ra

Immigration and Iaturalization Service records reflect that onHovmber 11, 1947, Fuchs Ias schitted into this country at He&#39;ll York Cityand that he dope:-ted from the country on November 3!, 1947, it t e eof this visit he showed his employment es the Britidl Gofernmenfnxa

The records of the Atomic Energ Commission refile ct that huh:was in this country in November, 1947, for the purpose of attending edeclnssiricstion conference in Iaahington, 11.6., Ind also for the purposeof discussing unclassified and declassified aspects of neutron spectroscopywith Dr. H. L. Anderson at the Argonne National Lsbontory, Ohice.go,I1Jinois.

scheduled to attend another declassificstion conference at the Camdimgtomic Energy Research establishment at Chalk River, mt-srio, Canada, from

lr.1.According to the Atomic Energy Gomission records, Dr. Fuchs Ias /V;/Liv�

Dr. Fuchs Dogseptmber 26 to September 28, 1949. It appears, however,was not able �w attend this conference because of illness

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Dr. hil Inch: tirat arrived in the United. Btatee en Decanter 3, 19b3,at Ievjpert Ien, Virginia, at which tine he indicated he raa an employee ei� thelritiah Oovernmnt in the Depu-tent of Scientific and Industrial Research, Retaa then elpleyed in In lurk City� vhere he conducted. reeearch on atcnic energnattere ea a am»: ct we Britiah lliaeien, collaborating vith the mmzm �Engineering District. A reviev oi� the Bureau indieei retlecta no interlatienindicating mt the llnhattan Rngineering Dietriet auhaitted. nr. mu� naefor a check against our recerda. According to the recarda of the Atoaic lnergcuaieeicn, lir. Iuehe vaa peraitted. to he elployed-on the Atcnie Energy Prcgectin the united. Btatea inaanuch ea General Groves hat been eaeured by the BritiehSupply Council in Io:-th Alerica that eJ.1 British eliene in the Uhited. ltateaengaged in the Inrk of intereet to the Manhattan lngineering Diatrict had. �beencleared by Britieh Security prior to their departure for the United Staten fro!the United King�nl. lvidence er thia clearance, ecceriingto Ateuic tnergyCuniaeian recerda, 1| contained in a 1am-� to General Grovee, dateibecenherll, 19113, tron U. L. Yehater, of the British Supply Council in lorth Alerica.Ie�beter&#39;a letter attached a letter Ira U. A. Akerl, at the Britieh llinietryof Supply lliaaion, dated Decelber 10, 195}, Ihich etated the a apecialclearance had. been carried out in the caae of Dr. Kari PMl�er�hibit 2 7

Ibllaving Dr. �che� elplognent in Iev York, fnnha, in Augnat 19%, vanaaeigned to atomic energ York in �Lea Alanoe, Kev ilexico, and. with the exceptionof ahort tripe within the United. ltatee, to Canada on official atclio energhueineea, and to llexico city far a vacation, Puche remained at Lea Alema Int�,he um in June 19x6 for the mama {,192

�92 - 92/�.Dr. Inch: reentered the United State at Iew Iort city an lovenber ll,19b7. nu viait vaa mde in eapm; nu nr. I. w. 3. Skinner to vieit theChicago operation! Office or the Atmic merg Oaiaaien fer: a diecnaaien cfthe enbject of neutron apectroeccpy. According to the record! oi� the Atmiclnerg Ceuliaaien, it ie noted that by letter dated October 22, l9k7, 1,, 5,Ralfe, B:-itiah Cunnonvealth Scientific nffiee, Ieahingtun, ID. C., wrote CarrollL. Iileon, General Manager, Atmie merg Connieeien, for rernal clearance ofum vi _ , &#39;92, [see nuns 3 I

By etter dated November 7, 19107, Carroll 1., Uileon adviaed L, 0, Raltethat the Oaiaeicn had no ch_1ect1on to the vieita and diecuuicne guy

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Atonio lnerg Gomission records reflect that Dr. hohs, on Iovsiher 28,1937, visited the diieeao Operations Office or the Atcaic Inarg Oonissim,ha techs, according to s Visitor&#39;s Iora executed at that tine, indicated thathe vas a representative of the British Oo�onvealth Scientific Office. Dr.Fuchs also attended a Declsssitieaticn Conference betveen the mited States,beat Britain, and canada, held Iovelher 16-17, l9l7, at the Atomic glnergOolnission Ieadqusrters Building, Uashingtcn, D. 6. A review of the Bureau&#39;sindices tails to re�ect that the Atmio Inerg Gosnission submitted Ur.Fuchs� naae to the Bureau in 19107 for a check oi� the Bureau&#39;s records.

no records of the Atcaic Inerg Oomission reflect a nemrandua datedAugust 6, 19147, shich requested a security check on Ilr. Fuchs and tvo otherscientists in connection with an invitation to he extended to those individuals

for the Joint conference on declassitication to he held in Washington, D. C.This nenorandua re�ects the folloving intcu-nation which is pertinent to theclearance by the Ianhatten Engineering District of Dr. II�uchs&#39; entrance intothe United States in 19105, end or the clearance hy the Atonic Ilnerg Connie-sion regarding Dr. Fuchs� entrance into the United States in l9i»7:

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�A check of the Washington Records indicates:

&#39;12:-. R. I. Peierls I; Dr. K. 1&#39;1-lchs - were both aenbers

of the original British Mission that cane overin 19143. Both are German �born but �became Britishcitizens, The asnhere Of this [lesion Vere @191-

investigated by the U. 8. governnent, their specialinvestigation as conducted by the British govemaentwas accepted by General Groves as Mn clearance.�

The above record clearly indicates that no investigation oi� Dr. Puohsvaa nsde �h; the"U!nited B Govemmnt" at the tins of his entrance intothe United Btates in Mljzéj uh. - /§,, mibit 5 7�Rota: The c"&#39;*&#39;°u L. Wilson letter oi� November 7, 1947, cleared Dr. Fuchs

for the vieit to the Chicago Operations Office at the Universityof Chicago, but did not cover the clearance tor Dr. �che� visitto the Declassitication Conference.

I&#39;ll-I AEC records reflect also that an agenda for the Declassitication Conferenceehich Fuchs attended contained the following statement: "Ho classified

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~ It of course is not possible to describe Fuchs� complete lmolledgeor stonic snerg matters. Bonner, certain statements rning utters knownto Fuchs have been made by the Atomic Energy Comenonj : thisinformation was d by the Atomic Energy C-onmieaion r a Secretclassification!

ht the outset it should he noted that Fuchs is reported to hats! UL,confessed that he has betrayed "the full bomb know-hol tron Ins Alamo.

According in intonation from the Atomic berg Commission, Dr.hicks we one oi� the group of British scientists who developed d1f.�181Oll1separation processes. In this regard, the British group undertook analysisor the following theorei:icaJ. problems, the results of which were summarizedin e series of reports which have been helptnl in anticipating problems ofplant design -

1. Cascade or cascades flow sheets.2. Bnct calculation or equilibrium tine.3. Lose oi� separation due to surges.1.. Control of main cascade e.g., frequency of nee oi�

M &#39; � automatic control valves!. i 92j,,5. Control of purge cascades.According to the Atomic Energy Comisslon, a document entitled �

"Reports Prepared At Les Alamo: By liembere of the British ltiesioni re�ectsthat Dr. Fuchs is said to have prepared the reports listed below. The reportmmber, classification and date are also set forth, The above nentioneddocument pointed out that this list of reports was not necessarily conplete,but nerelg intended to show �.! the extent of British participation in theatomic bomb project, b! the nature oi� the Iork done by the Brritieh, Ind c! the general knowledge which these individuals my yet have about weapo .?!Title of Reg:-t

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According to the Ltonic berg Gonmiesion, Dr. Poul Icbeniola, aphysicist assigned to the Atomic merg Commission Building, Iaehington, D. 6.,ns asked whether any of the above»-listed reports dealt with detonation oraesanhly of the weapon atomic bomb!. Dr. llonaniols replied in the ef�mativosaying that "Dr. Fuchs participated considerably in the design anc�. developmentof the etmic 1roepon." McDaniel: aiso stated that Fuchs had knowledge of themethod of dotonatio . According to llcbaniels, none or thoae reports applied toan. Hanford r1.nz.é,! u�,

Dr. lcDanie1s advised that a report prepared by Dr. Fuchs entitled�Fluctuations and Efficiency of a Diltueion Plant, Part III, �nae Effect ofFluctuations in the Flor oi� I2" was a skilled technical theoretical discussionwhich covered a refinement oi� plant operations. Be said that this document,along with others; such es barrier production, operating characteristics,seal development and e, would be helpful in determining oven-all plant92 operating techniques.� &>u~__,

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Ir. Bal�z 0. smth, Assistant Director for Classification andSecurity, Lbs Alanos Scientific laboratory, has advised that Fuchs workedin the Theoretical Ptu&#39;sics Division of the Laboratory at Loo Llasos. Hestated that Ihile at Ios Alsace Fuchs had almost unlimited access to highlZ_c According to sn1tn,T=i=ha had written Cg;-est *number of reports st Ins Alamos and had, along Iith other nqnbers of theBritish Mission, contributed heavily to the technical series. Fuchs wasx_1o_t,,og1z_1§miJ,iar Iithgall phs§_es_o§_the atomic bomb project while he wasat yes Llamas, but he also 1ra�_s_fami};|.9-If with the *plai1necI"lEt&#39;Tg range researchpro . Smith said that Fiichs contributed heatr�y to aI1�phase3"b&#39;f"tt!s"�""&#39;s��c Ieapon developaent, including implosion and super the future longrange program of research!. He said that Fuchs and two other scientistsheaded the teen Ihich did the hydro-cbnandos work which nsde the plutoniumimplosion method possible. This team did considerable work on theefficiency of the design of the Eniwetok model of the atoldc bomb. Accordingto Smith, the nenbers of the British Mission probably had complete infom-ation concerning all phases of atomic energy research in this country, upthrough the latter part of 1946, with the possibletgception of the details Iof the design of the oak Ridge and Hanford plants 92-L.

Smith further stated he believed that Fuchs was on JointBritish, canadian, United States Declassification Committee-6:3�-lvRecords of the atomic mergy Commission reflect that as of

January 12, 1949, there was nade a compilation of the Canadian Staff,scientific and technical, and United Kingdom Staff, scientzific and technical,who participated in the atomic energy program under the former llsnhattsnmgineering District from 1943 to 1946. This compilation included,insofar as is possible, a statement as to the installations visited anddegree of access a�forded to this group. II? is stated that recordsavailable in the security files of the A c Energ Commission give ageneral pdcture as to �me fields of activity in which the British Missionparticipated, but that the available records do not provide detailed in-fomation as to their particular specialties, nor do the records clearlyindicate Ihat familiarization the British group may have had Iith otherprograms in ehich tlwy did not actually participate, but undoubtedlybecame acquainted with by reading technical reports available to them. hefollolring statement appears in the records of the Atomic Energy Oomissionconcerning the British group at ms

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g _ - A, _ p _TOPS92C2;§ET",_Inasmuch as it vas the policy of the laboratory to nske ell informationavailable to this group at Los Alsmos, and as the British personnel hadgeneral access to the Document Boom, various local sites, and the organisedmeetings of the local project, it is believed that tbe group had substantiallycomplete knowledge of the gun assembly and implosion assembly of fissilemterial, the actual design of the aerial bombs employing these principles,the possible future devslopmnts, including the &#39;Super&#39; or !l�hermo,!§p5lea_rReactions, the auxiliary equipment at the-&#39;va.r1ous local uses includingthe Water Boiler. The British Group probably did not obtain detailedinformation concerning the final chemical work at Los Alamos, however,the general aspects were lcnovn to them because they would be discussedin eolloquinms or staff matings. The exact extent of the technicalknowledge about sites other than the Los Alamos project by.Brit ishpersonnel at Les Llamos cannot readily be determined since work directlyrelating to Les Llamos activities such as basic physics as well aspile design which members of the Mission would use in their daily workis undoubtedly known to them. Such items as Hanford chemistry wouldhave reached the group by inference only since the laboratory as suchdid not have detailed access to such information. During their stayat Los Alamos, they also bad access to the general physics and chemistryprinciples involved in the operation of the Chicago and Hanford piles,the physical construction of these piles, but only a minimum of theengineering details. They had, however, complete access to all generaltheoretical work on pile design. It is assumed that they had rathercomplete knowledge oi� the mass spectrometer application used in theOalutron and gaseous diffusion process for separating uranium isotopes."

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Re: JULIUS BOBBIE OPPENHEIIEH, aloeJ. Robert Oppenheimer, JeromeRobert Oppenheimer, "Oppie" �

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Julius Robert oppsnheimsr was born April 22, l904, at New York City,Few York, the son of Julius Oppenheimer, a German born naturalised Americancitizen, and Ella Friedman Oppenheimer, s. native born United States cit izenof German ancestry. Oppenheimer attended the Ethical Culture School at NewYork City from 1910 to 1921; Harvard College from 1922 to 1925: CambridgeUniversity, Cambridge, England, from 1925 to 1926; and Goettingcn University,Goettingen, Germany, from 1926 to 1927 where no received. his Ph.D. degree inphysics. he was first employed at the University of California on July 1, 1929,

A i t f f I 193 has an ss stan Pro essor o Physics. n 2 e was promoted to the position ofAssociate Professor of Physics and in 1936 was made s. Professor of Physics. Hewas granted leave of absence on uly 1, 1942, and from this date until!jg,y_,_1_9gi§,he w e e 92 Cas Dir ctor of th 28,3 Project aggncelij; Q�lyifornigl a_;{1:_lTos,Ale.frsos.On this latter ate he was restored to active status as e. Professor of Physicsat the University of California. On September 1, l9§l1,_he became Director forthe Institute of Advanced Studies gt Princeton, T53; Jersey?� IF§oTar as is Hornh o�e@TEyéd. �J{1lius Robert q fourth husband ofKatherine Puening, who was formerly married to one Joseph ballet who was killed fi@ti% for the spasms Repuflcan Army. ""_ �_"_&#39;

II. Eureau Investigation

The first investigation coniucted. by the Bureau concerning J. Robertoppenheimer was s_tarted in Marchklihil, and was based on an allegation receivedthat J. Robert ojppenheiner was ailg�edl resent at a meeting inmthe fall of 1940vhiclfvas sftsnegpa; b*;1s::_e_e Folkoff and�!-2-T-92vil_ 1@* ���srt �"�F1F5£T¢n51-*1es in San Francisco. Y�iii�iyest�rjtion was continued until Marcg18: I§§3¢ghenimJ eorg,e V. StLr_on5_re nested tne_IBureau t_o discontinueany active investiga¬ion"?;&#39;!&#39;OppenEe i-mer. On A,&#39;pr?.&#39;l C5, I513, CeneraTStr55,g�aH.vi&#39;se5.that the Army was taking over the investigations of scientists at the RadiationLaboratory, University of California.

On iigrch 13* l94§,_the,i1n__~;es,u reinstitnted,inve_stigatigg of Oppenheimerfor the purpose of ascertaining his activities and contacts. This investigationconsisted of a technical and physical surveillance until his departure from theUniversity of California for the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, NewJersey. Since this time no active investigation has been conducted other thantne development of a confidential informant. At the Present time this investi-gation is in a pending inactive status.

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Imresti ation _ed_hy l£i_l;._te.g 1ntel1ig_en5_e_Pivieion agenteE"�_§E£&#39; " D&#39;z&#39;tit�_IEitdthatand tux-his ed to s Bureau by the Manhattan ear 18 r c n ca eOppenheimer had_pr-eviously been th the activities Zof�thg _ gJ,1o_yiQg_al:le edCEajmunifste__Zj;-out oi:-g�L;§.nii§¥j._;on.eJ in the Bey Area prior to He Employment withthe Zoe Alamoe Project:

The Consumers Union, the Committee to Aid China, �U;the American Committee tor Democracy and Internal Freedom; I� -"A Vthe National Emergency Comittee for Democratic Rights, the P�Spanieh Aid Committee, the Berkeley Conference for Civic &/92ji�I�=*7Betterment, and the American Federation of Teachers. F"

During an interview with J. 9-obert Oppenheimer by Bureau Agents onSeptember 5 19 6, O ge�heiier stated that he was no naive regardi oliticalmatters ug until ;§&#39;_E§ [that he wouldn&#39;t even votefbut tlit Eetueezi &#39;tEeAperioE1_..:-om to 1939, he engaged in political mattere in an amateurish way; thatalso during thie period between 1936 and 1939 he h_ad identified hiiinself with

_o1� the so-called "leftist" Trent groups and had zhggglgggtrik�lt one toleome%em and colafd con&#39;s�i§er ifs? least }:osei&#39;5le that some £_art of Eie ::rc[nfI"1_-Lj-ETt1_one had eventlz�&#39;g�one*Th¥TolU?i~11i:nu4Eiet ?§fe,§em&#39;>�&=.* he etited thgtlhe never"t agggtimé vjglgeldues payij! Congiziniei, but indicated that he had at leaet an� &#39; * hicademic interest in the org zatlon.

During Jtpri_l_l91¢7{ J . Robert Qgpenlr1e;1._ne1;wae_ir_92te§&#39;_1rie1[e_n:_l_ by thisBureau. At that time QQQ§nhe:§n_§;_§g_!1§_e_Q ,r;i1;,z§,Mene time ;;i1<&#39;>*r�r.q Lune gar hehad an intellectual interest in ¢°"!*1�=?i,_¥-§ m§_QeiQ§b :l£mt i§ �JYW re � eat Elie aenasea._£ea.zav22ne@eteL.iLLaaIt e UI11 a es. e n ned that hie activitiel were intended an a supportfor a group claiming to be working towards some desirable purposes, however, he

aid h o solved the olic and the falsity or the platform of theee fronte e e on p y

oremizatiow and thaty;gu� Sen Francisco report dated June 9, 19147,100-17828-l5h;IDOql7828-1&#39;75 .

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ihe following information was furnished to this Bu;-&#39;eau byrepreaentativesof tin Manhattan Engineer District.

Cm Aggt 26, 195}, Dz, ,1, R. gpgnheimer, mentioned previously,was inte we on t e campus of the versity of California by Lt. ColonelBoris T. Pash and Lt. Lyell Johnson, U.S. Arm, Manhattan Engineer District.In answer to questions of the Arny officers, Oppenheimer furnished tinfollowing inforuation: -

approximately six months prior to the date of the interview, _0PP9nheimr had learned from three different employees of the atomic bombproject, known as the D.S.lI. Project, that they had been solicited to �zrnishinfonnation, ultimately to be delivered to the USSR, concerning the project.All of these employees had been bewildered by the proposition and had askedOppenheimer for advice. Because none of the three employees had cooperatedin the scheme and because all three of them had talked to Oppenheimer inconfidence, he refused to identif these individuals. He did state, however,that two of the men were s c ose ssoc a es a s New c andthe e er one was ass gne to the Radiation b rater BerkeleCalifornia but was expec o rans erred to another experimental

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Oppenheimer stated that George Eltenton vas the person who, accord-ing to the three employees, had attempted to obtain the informtion for anunidentified Soviet official attached to the Russian Consulate in San Francisco.Oppenheimer said that Eltenton requested a mn, whom Oppenheimer refused toname, to act as intermediary in soliciting project employees to furnish1�fO1�1I£U.O�¢ Thereafter, the intermediary, Q1 three separate occasions,contacted the three above-mentioned employees and explained to them that theUnited States was failing to discharge its obligation to its ally, Russia, byits failure to furnish scientific data to that country. ibis failure was saidto be due to the action of the United States Government officials who wereunfriendly to Russia. The employees were reminded that Russia was entitledto, and badly needed, the infornntion for its war effort. The intermediarythen volunteered to arrange an interview between each employee and Eltentonmo, in turn, could transfer all infonnation furnished to the unidentifiedSoviet official, who was said to have had a great deal of experience withmicrofilm and the was in a position to transmit the material to Russia withoutdanger of a leak or scandal. According to the intermediary, such method wasbeing utilized in order to correct alleged defect our official communicationstransmitting scientific information to mmsia.@Q:9

gppegmeinaar admitted that j,he_name of the in rmediary ms known tohim, but e reTused_to divB%§le it because 0; econsidere the inte e a .=_ -.- -._ owever, the intermediary wasidentified as a faculty member of the University of California who was notconnected with the D.S.l1. Project.

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On Segember 12, 12$}, Oppenheimer was interviewed by Lt. ColonelJohn Lanadgle, J1-, , . . sq. He restated much of the infonnation setforth above, but Q3117 refused to div&#39;92il.5e the identities of the intermediaror the e e lo g gs or the _g_~_g_1ectwho%?&#39;hesn eo13§act&#39;e§:,&#39; U&#39;�p�&#39;¬:&#39;1f5lm� rbased 11% refusal upon % belief that no �oi1;ia&#39;Eion had passed and that noharm had been done. Also, he demurred on the grows! that all of those prsonshad become involved accidentally and on his belie! that the intermediaryh d d ti it . ime ta cease so v y Qgghe r Q53, s ate that all three of the lo eest�bQ_ classed a @et o to Russ a but that, to _Hs lE&#39;TowI_e_5g_,E I &#39;

s bey were not Comm , gl���ggh gnaw 15 5 gf&#39;_&#39;bg§ lg Q "1�éT.&#39;LFv_t:-avelsr."re erencs o e termsdiary, Oppenheimer called him a "Io all

traveler" who was planning to leave the University faculty about December,1914.2, to take s position elsewhere.

On Deoanber 11+ 19 Oppenheimer was interviewed again by officersof the Manhattan �lifeer �istriot at Loo Alamos, New Mexico, art!Oppenheimer then, for the first time named Haakon Chevalier as the Universityof Calif rnia fEs&#39;s&#39;or E0 Ed acted as 1&#39;-ntermediary Tor Eltentonl &#39;o pro /LU

Julius Robert O nheimer related to Bureau e ts on P//USeptember 5 IWIE, that to the Best of Es recoIIecHon, Haalcon Chevaliered with him at his home in Berkeley, California; thatChevalier indicated to him that "something unpleasant had happened," andrelated that George Eltenton had talked with him and told him that it wasnecessary to provide technical information to the Soviet Union. Oppenheimerstated that in reply to this, he used "strong words" with Chevalier, andtold Chevalier that to do such was "treason" or "close to treason." Onfurther questioning, Oppenheimer said that due to the lapse of time sincethis incident, he was vague in his mind as to the exact words used by himand Chevalier in their conversation, and any present effort on his part toreconstruct their conversation would be pure guesswork, but he did definiteivrecollect having used either the word "treason" or "treasonous" to Chevalier.

Oppenheimer was definite that Chevalier had not asked him forany information concerning the project. Oppenheimer advised that he didnot discuss his work on the project at this time, or at any otter time,with Chevalier, and so far as he 1-cnew, Chevalier had no knowledge of theproject. According to Oppenheimer, Chevalier gave no indication that heknew the nature of the experiments being conducted at the RadiationLaboratozy, and he definitely doubted that Chevalier knew such experimenta-tion had to do with atomic ens:-5&#39;. Oppenheimer stated, however, thatChevalier probably knew that he was engaged on technical experimentationhaving to do Iith the Iar effort.

&#39; George Charles Eltenton, a British national, was at the time of hiscontact with Haakon Chevalier, an employee of the Shell DevelopmentCompany, Emeryville, California. At the present time, he is in England

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1!-ed: Oppenheimer Ies born August 14, 1912, in Um Iorlr GI-*7. Hems educated in this country obtaining e B. I. Ibgree at Johrl�epkin �hi-.VI1"i�67in 1933. He attended for e short period or time Cavendish Isbom-story, mnbridgeUniversity in Iondon, subsequently working in the Physics laboratory or theUmversity of Florence in Itelye He received his Phebe in Physics Ira: theCalifornia Institute of lbehnology in 1939- Subsequent]; he worked at StanfordUniversity as an insistent in the Physics Department» Inter he _

liti n in 1 Ll t �th Ihig o June. 9 , a e varsity oi� mlitornis |t gage ey. e heW IQ1&#39;f____@@�_ e Z _ are Q es e resear e lo! r Iith

the bisio dev_eTFphen{-I of the"T&#39;E&#39;5oretory prior to the existence oi� the 11.5.11.contract Iith that University. Be was considered one g,£_�1g tQp_ten_ meq_g1the Ltmic Dumb ect s nt twono . Be yes:-_s at Insjlemos and eseissts 02212116 Atomii Bomb He Ins censidered one of the¥eiieri%sv1&#39;n&#39;§ e kno�i&#39;.&#39;Ege 01&#39; the Ei�iiqne Q procedure used in producingnuclear �ssion. In the sumer oi 1947 he became associated Iith the Universityor l�nnesota as en assistant Professor or Physics. In Jnne, 1949, he tenderedhis resignation to the University oi� Iinnesote stqting he had been e member orthe Cmsnunist Party in the late 1930&#39;s and that he res going to testify beforethe House Gnnittee on Th-Ameriesn Activities oi� this theta Bis resignationno accepted by the President or the University.

qapenheimer has had an insane tron $10,000 to $15,060 e year basedupon the estate left by his parents. Be is married to the former JaoquenetteIvonne Glenn who Ill born in Oemds. hey have two minor children, a boy and egirl.

lrenk Oppenheimer Iss the subject of an investigation conducted bythe FBI Ihich was instituted on larch 14, 1947, after he had resigned tron theRadiation Inboratory 13.8.11. Project at Berkeley, Olliforniee Prior to thathe had been the subject of en investigation by the llenhatten mgineering Districtwho had responsibility for conducting investigations oi� project enployees at �1&#39;-hit tine.

Ihile investigation developed inJ.�om-nation concerning Columniststtiliations end pest Cm:-mist Party membership on the part of both lrsnkoppenheimer and his wife, no izgoz-nation was de_v=_g1_opg__by egher the mnhettsnhagineeri ct r the FBI 1¬1&#39;1e1=ui�£&#39;5At Rank cppenheilner engagidiieiiionags sothitiee. *_"&#39; &#39;

12: larch, 1949, the FBI interviewed Sylvan Rubin, e former 5,5,9, ofthe Pasadena Professional Section oi� the Ins Angeles County comunist Partyduring the years 1938 and 1939; Iho advised that Frank qapenheiner during theperiod 1937-1939 attended matings oi� this Section oi� the Oomunist Party»

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Q June :1. 1949 11:-am; oppnmmr testified betare the �n<maeOanmittee on Un-[Egan Ictivities, accompanied by hia counsel Clifford J» Burrnot Preaident oi� the lhtional Iavyere Build, at Ihich tine he, qapenheimer, .atated he had ;_]_oined the communist P£92rt]_ear% in 19 in Pasadena Californiarepei� a O6mun1§t&#39; Party ieibe��p car er the nane LE_§ $51 He �33:<f_pped _e menher§E3p_§._ne the iozahunfit Pa:-jg acgg;�n§ Q hig ajétement E£1Te erg e�E_l§ of 1940 or . a life, Jeoquenette, accompanie y rhas e counae , es e ore the Ommittee that aha also Ian a cardcarrying member of the Oommuniat Krty in 1937 until the spring of 1941 atPasadena, California.

Subsequent to hie reeigxation h-on the mivereity oi linneaote,Prank oppenheimer took up residence on a snail ranch near Pagoaa Springs,Colorado. Be vent there tit-h his family;

O1 December 26 intonation �Ill received that a passport applicationhad been received at the Department oi� State Iran Frank qmenheiner indicatinga desire to go to Indie tor one year for "study purposes." Pertinent infor-mation concerning Frank Oppenheimer was nade available to the Department ofState at the request oi� the Passport Division. me application tiled byoppenheimer indicated that he had received an invitation ii-on H. Je Bhebha of _the �rate Inatitute or lnndamental Research in Imdia to spend about one year inIndia Iorking at that Inetitutee It Ina indicated that wpenheiner had beenworking on cosmic rays for the past several years and that ha would enjoy theopportunity to experiment near the equator on cosmic ray: and had accepted theinvitation. It was indicated that he planned to depart £1-om New York City onnab:-nary 15, 1950, leans or tranaportation IIDKDUIDQ

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, Ar February 5, 1950SUGGESTIONS FOR IlZPROVEIEN&#39;I&#39; OF ATOMIC ENERGY COHLZSSIQN SEURITI

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�Director of Security &#39; �One of the principal problems involving security of the Atomic Energy

Commission is that of selecting and retaining a strong qualified career Directorof their Security Division. At present, Frank Hammack, who is actually head oftheir Personnel Security Clearance Section, is the Acting Director of Security,and there has been no Director appointed since the resignation of Admiral JohnGingrich on April 22, 191:9. Since the Atomic Energy Commission took over theManhattan Engineer District in January 19747, there have actually been fiveDirectors or noting Directors of Security; namely, T. 0. Jones, Bernard Menke,W. L. Hanna, Admiral John Gingrich and Frank Hammack. With such rapid changingoi� heads of security, it cannot be expected that an efficient Security Divisioncan be maintained.

The Atomic lmergy Commission is operating all its Iork under a1 _-highly decentralized _procedure and this includes the Security Division.

fhe F&#39;usi.?Ess of the C is actmH ions Hanford, Washington; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Les Llamas, New Mexico; New YorkCity; Chicago, Illinois!, although theoretically policy is made at CommissionHeadquarters. This same system applies to security, and the local SecurityOffices are under the i.�i.na&#39;1. authority of the Manager of Operations at the fivecenters of operations, although security policy ostensibly is formulated inashington- For practical purposes, this means a wide divergence in security

practices.

&#39; In ééril 121:8, the LEO decentralized security clearance, and authoritywas placed in e various installationsJ&#39;to rule bn clearance oT_any individualsto be employed or to have access to restricted data in these installations.The files of the Commission were placed on a decentralized basis and reportsfurnished by the Bureau on investigations are o ed to the local officesand copies not retained in the ��ashington Headquarters. In so far as clearanceis concerned, �Washington Headquarters in most instances has only an index cardon the person involved.

Regardless of the method of conducting the Commission&#39;s business,that is, its buying, its processing, et cetera, it certainl would make 1� r

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&#39; [92".&#39;= H".Accountability 9; Materials and Documents " "

During FBI investigations of numerous cases involving missingmaterials and documents, it has been indicated that there is a lack of ggefficient effective method of accountability and invento� which 3913.5 Egt1% &#39; g g�mesgonsibility an ac E o suc data. _ or stance, numerousmissin documents ve een re or d to the Bureau usually after considerabledela on the �E of the Atomic Bner Commission and it mthe document has 5eE&#39;m&#39;i&#39;s1"iIeH or lost through loose handling. For example,during June 19149 at least four documents were reported missing at the BrookhavenNational Laboratory, Upton, New York. Investigation developed that thedocuments had been carelessly handled by a failure to make proper entries onaccountability records- misfiling; our other breakdown in the accountabilitysystem. In Qune of l9f18, it was ascertained confidentially that there were7 classified documen s missin" and unaccounted for at the Qak Ridge 1;&#39;a&#39;E1&#39;on§léboratog which haH"beén�T:har�g§d*ou�E to&#39;�§§ Eormér emg oyges. These em lo es

had been teminat_edJat the inst atigg since as far back as the middle of 191:7.One official at the Laboratory s�ted that documents� securit both under theLianhattan Dmgineer District and the atomic Elnora Eo§uu_ission had been extremal ed_for accég 5 to restricted data could o&#39;ota:.n&#39; anyBF� �&#39;5&#39;� t""� &#39; &#39; � � I �cumen in e oora or without stating thatLhe_ nggded 1&#39;1 in §§_C_>IlI1§�1&#39;,lOI1 : �Strictly co�"iden"&#39;5i&#39;E �formaftion furnished SA5 Knoxville byGeorge Rathman, AEC Security orrieigezk-22221-667!

varOn iar h 2 l , ABC, Qhicago, advised that 31.739 ems of

E d been ered missin on February IF,� I§U§. H�rextensive investigation by the Bureau, e atomic Energy Commission advisedby letter July 15, 19149, that the missing material had been satisfactorilyaccounted for by finding most of it in waste material. The investigationreflected a lack of definite information as to the movement of this materialat the Laboratory and there 1 I f d, was a ac: o etailed inventog or analysisto establish the handling of this spec ic ma e .

Another instance was revealed by Fulton Lewis, Jr. , a radiocommentator, who disclosed, that a4,�-30 installation Richland, We_1shin_gton,__was able to _rgr_nove _§;;Q_sJ.uga_o.£.uranium from th@j?I&#39;an�@*ui;@_11cut dmHot av-far? _oc1&#39;17&#39;1B. JLQE.-if-111&#39;Fgi1_a ih_el_we re5 mvab;i1_u_w _in_s¬i;§}_e_ry@_-_ H1;11=,1g,i1;ci,g§n#_wasconfidentially confirmed through our �eattle Office._,__ -- c _~ �_�l _-#--i

While the Bureau is not in a position to make specific recommendationsconcerning the immense and complex system of handling accountability of �documents a.nd material, it is obvious from the above that the system does needoverhauling. The Bureau did on January S, 1950, transmit to the Commissionsuggestions regarding identifying �inventory and accountability for uraniumat the Hanford, LEG, installation, Fichland, Washington. These suggestionswere made after an investigation involving missing 8-inch uranium slug andone gram of plutonium. Copies of the suggestions attached!

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