Types of Minor Parties in the United States Ideological Parties Bolter or Factional Parties...
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Transcript of Types of Minor Parties in the United States Ideological Parties Bolter or Factional Parties...
Types of Minor Parties in Types of Minor Parties in the United Statesthe United States
Ideological Parties
Bolter or “Factional” Parties
Farm-Labor Protest Parties
One-Issue Parties
1787: United States
Constitution is drafted in
Philadelphia, and makes no
mention of political parties.
1796: Worried that political factions will turn
into political parties, George Washington says "Let me warn you, in the
most solemn manner, against the baneful effects
of the spirit of party."
1854: In the North, anti-slavery activists from all
parties begin meeting. The Republican Party is born in
Ripon, Wisconsin, on March 20th, following a meeting of Whigs, Free Soilers, and Democrats.
1860: Lincoln wins the election with 39.9 percent of the
popular vote, the smallest percentage ever to propel a candidate into the White
House.
1890: Dozens of small parties spring up, each
with a program of change, including the Prohibition
Party, the Greenback Labor Party, the Union Labor Party, and the
Socialist Party.
1892: Farmers angry with the major parties launch
their own party, the People's Party, also called
the Populists. Their presidential candidate,
James B. Weaver, captures 9 percent of the vote.
Farm-Labor Parties Farm-Labor Parties “Economic Protest”“Economic Protest”
Bolter or “Factional” Parties
“Bolt” the Ticket and Bolt” the Ticket and Challenge Former PartyChallenge Former Party
“Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don't know whether you fully
understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose. But fortunately I had my manuscript, so you see I was going to make a long speech, and there is
a bullet - there is where the bullet went through - and it probably saved me from it
going into my heart. The bullet is in me now, so that I cannot make a very long speech, but
I will try my best.”* Address at Milwaukee, Wis., October, 14, 1912.
“Bolt” the Ticket and Bolt” the Ticket and Challenge Former PartyChallenge Former Party
1912: With the Republican and Bull Moose
Party splitting the vote, Democrat Woodrow
Wilson is elected president with 42 percent. A fourth
candidate, Socialist Eugene Debs, gets 6
percent.
Ideological Protest PartiesIdeological Protest Parties
Ideological Parties care less about winning and more about principle! Hence, they tend to endure.
• “As soon as a child is less than half matured he is given a job and thrust out into the world to help make a living for the family, the father of which is not paid enough to support it properly,” Debs said — nay, shouted. “Then, too, child labor is cheapest of the cheap and so the capitalists favor it. We now have 2,000,000 children in our industrial dungeons. Their flesh is fed to Mammon. They are the victims of insatiate monsters, and they are dwarfed, stunted, and deformed.”
-Canton, OH (1910)
During the Great War, Debs was a highly
visible and vocal pacifist. On June 16 of 1918 he delivered a famous antiwar speech in Canton, Ohio. He protested against the
Great War, which was raging in Europe. He was arrested because of the speech and
convicted in a federal court in Cleveland, OH under the wartime Espionage Act. He was sentenced to serve 10 years in prison and
disenfranchised for life.
• “We are fighting a Wall Street war, the master class throughout history has declared wars and the subject class has fought them. When Wall Street cries war, every pulpit in the country cries war; when Wall Street cries peace, every pulpit cries peace.”
-Canton, OH (June 16, 1918)
“While there is a lower class I am in it; while
there is a criminal
element I am of it; while there is a soul in prison,
I am not free”
“Rising Tide of Socialism”
• 1910- Victor Berger, 1st Socialist elected to Congress
• 1911- 73 Socialist Mayors elected
• 1911- 1,200 elections won by Socialists in 340 cities
1948: three presidential candidates with roots in the Democratic Party face just one Republican, Thomas
Dewey. Truman carries the day with 49.6 percent of the
popular vote.
One-Issue PartiesOne-Issue PartiesFormed to promote one principle. The Free-Soil Party for example.
““OOMMM”OOMMM”