Types of Minerals Chapter 4 Section 2.
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Transcript of Types of Minerals Chapter 4 Section 2.
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CHAPTER 4 SECTION 2
TYPES OF MINERALS
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MINERAL GROUPS
Silicates•Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen•Make up 96% of minerals in Earth’s crust•Tetrahedron
• Building block of silicates• Geometric solid having four sides that are equilateral
triangles• Resemble a pyramid• Silica tetrahedra has one silica atom and 4 oxygen atoms• Silica tetrahedron can form in a variety of combinations• Accounts for the large diversity of silicate minerals.
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SILICA TETRAHEDRON
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SILICATES
• Individual tetrahedra are strongly bonded• Sheets• Chains• Complex three-dimensional structures
• Bonds determine the • fracture or cleavage properties• Weak ionic bonds break along sheets- mica
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CARBONATES
• Minerals composed of one or more metallic elements and the carbonate ion CO3
2-.• Examples:• Calcite • Dolomite• Rhodochrosite
• Found mostly in rocks such as limestone and marble• Have distinctive colorations
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CARBONATES
Calcite Dolomite
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RHODOCHRISITE
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OXIDES
• Compounds of oxygen and metals• Hematite and Magnetite common iron oxides• Uranitite- source of uranium
Hematite
Magnetite
Uranitite
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OTHER GROUPS
• Sulfides• Pyrite (fool’s gold)• Sulfur and one or more elements
• Sulfates• Anhydrite• Sulfate ion and other elements
• Halides• Halite• Chloride and fluoride along with calcium
• Native elements• Silver, or copper• Made of one element only
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ECONOMIC MINERALS
• Ore• A mineral is an ore if it has value.• As soon as the value is gone, it is no longer an ore
• Gems• Valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty.• Very hard and scratch resistant• Emeralds, rubies, diamonds• Polished and use for jewelry
Platinum ore