Types of Lamps
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TYPES OF LAMPS
Suhail TP MES Collage of Engineering
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Light sources
• Incandescent lamp• Discharge lamp– Florescent lamp– Sodium lamp– High pressure mercury vapour lamp
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OLD TYPES OF KEROSEN LAMPS
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INCANDESCENT LAMP
• HOT WIRE – FILAMENT SEALED IN A GLASS JAR (BULB)
• ELECTRIC CURRENT PASS THROUGH THE WIRE HEATS IT TO INCADESCENCE, AND THE WIRE EMITS LIGHT. USE STANDARD VOLTAGE CIRCUIT.
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• Inside gas is argon with nitrogen.
• At the center of the lamp is a tungsten filament.
• Electricity heats this filament up to about 2,500 degrees Celsius.
• Light output is 15 lumens/watt• Operating life 1000 hour• Efficency increased by using– Coiled filament– Coiled coil filament
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Parts
1. GLASS BULB
2. VACUUM OR GAS FILLED
3. WIRE/FILAMENT
4. 5. LEAD-IN WIRES
6. SUPPORT WIRES
7. NECK
8. 11. ELECTRIC FUSE
9. BASE
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Pros and Cons
ADVANTAGES:
1. LESS EXPENSIVE
2. EASIER TO DIM WITH RHEOSTATS
3. WARMER COLOR THAN FLUORESCENT AND THUNGSTEN-HALOGEN LAMPS
4. LIGHT OUTPUT IS RELATIVELY HIGH
5. CAN BE DIMMED
DISADVANTAGES:
1. ENERGY INEFFICIENT
2. SHORT LAMP LIFE TIME
3. WARM SOURCE
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Discharge lamps
• Light is produced by passage of an electric current through a vapor or gas, rather than through a tungsten wire as in incandescent lamp.
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FLUORESCENT LAMP
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FLUORESCENT LAMP
• Inside bulb is coated with florescent powder• Oxide coated tungsten filament is used as
electrodes• Light output is 70 lumen/watt• Average life is 7500 hours
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• ADVANTAGES:
•Heat is relatively low
•Energy efficient
•Range from low grade to high grade
•Long lamp life
•Usually Cool source
• DISADVANTAGE:
•Color temperature
•Require ballast: preheat, instant-start, rapid-start
•Requires controlling elements for glare control
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Sodium Lamp
• gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light
• Efficency is 75 lumens/watt• Average life 60000 hours
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Cont..
• Discharge will not start at low voltage
• Leak transformer produce starting voltage of about 400V
• First neon gas will discharge after sodium vaporises and discharge continues
• Pf is too low(0.3) to correct capacitor is used
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High pressure mercury vapour lamp
• Inner gas used is Argon and mercury
• Efficiency 40 lumen/watt• Inner tube have two main
electrodes and an auxiliary electrode
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Artificial Light Sources• Incandescent Lamps• Fluorescent Lamps• High – Intensity Discharge Lamps• Mercury Lamps• Metal Halide Lamps• High Pressure Sodium Lamps• Low Pressure Sodium Lamps• Electrodeless Lamps• Compact arc xenon &Mercury Lamps• Electroluminescent Lamps• Light Emitting Diodes (LED)• Carbon arc Lamps• Gaslights
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Lamp efficiency & efficacy
• Efficacy for a light source is how well it turns input power into the desired output, which is lumens
• Efficiency is the actual percentage of power in which comes out as photons.