FOUNDATION - I• R.C.C. column footings,

• Foundations for workshops and machines.

• Formwork of foundation with column.

Footing

Footings are structural members used to support columns and walls and to transmit and distribute their loads to the soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded, excessive settlement, differential settlement,or rotation are prevented and adequate safety against overturning or sliding is maintained.

TYPES OF FOOTING

WALL FOOTING ISOLATED OR SINGLE FOOTINGCOMBINED FOOTINGCANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTINGCONTINUOUS FOOTINGMAT FOOTING

Wall footings are used to support structural walls that carry

loads for other floors or to support nonstructural walls.

All structural load-bearing walls must bear on footings. These footings in turn distribute the loads to the soil. If the loading on the soil exceeds the soil bearing capacity, undesirable settlement will occur, resulting in cracked walls, uneven floors, or potentially structural failure in extreme overloading

WALL FOOTING

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FORMWORK FOR WALL FOOTING

Isolated or single footings are used to support single columns.

This is one of the most economical types of footings and is

used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances.

ISOLATED FOOTING

LAYING OF FOOTING

DETAILED SECTION

Combined footings usually

support two columns, or

three columns not in a row.

Combined footings are used

when tow columns are so

close that single footings

cannot be used or when one

column is located at or near

a property line.

COMBINED FOOTING

REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

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Cantilever or strap footings

consist of two single

footings connected with a

beam or a strap and support

two single columns. This

type replaces a combined

footing and is more

economical.

STRAP FOOTING

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Continuous footings support a row of three or more columns.

They have limited width and continue under all columns.

CONTINUOUS FOOTING

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This foundation extends below the entire building and distributes the load from multiple columns and walls of the structure to the soil below. May be used for an entire building or a portion of the building. They are sometimes used to resist water pressures when groundwater extends above the level of the floor of the lowest basement of a building

MAT FOOTING

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The analysis and design of structure or foundation subjected to vibratory loading is a complex problem

In majority of the cases the machines are supported on a simple concrete block.

TYPES

• BLOCK TYPE

• FRAME TYPE

MACHINE FOUNDATION

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The Analysis of the Machine foundation is done in two stages:

•Dynamic Analysis : Includes determination of the natural frequencies of the Machine foundation system and calculation of amplitudes of displacements and rotations of the foundation under dynamic loading.

•Static Analysis: Includes check for strength of the foundation, stability of the foundation and check for soil bearing capacity

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