Types of Drug Tests

1. Urine drug screen

Types of Drug Tests

2. Hair drug screen

Types of Drug Tests

3. Blood drug screen

Types of Drug Tests

4. Saliva drug screen

Types of Drug Tests

5. Sweat drug screen

Detection Periods Summary

SUBSTANCE URINE HAIR BLOOD SALIVA

Alcohol 12-24 hrs n/a 12 hours 6-12 hours

Amphetamine (except meth) 2-3 days 90 days 12 hours 3 days

Barbiturates 2-14 days 90 days 1-7 days unknown

Benzodiazepines 1-5 days 90 days 6-48 hours 2-3 days

Cannabis (single use) 2-3 days 90 days 2-3 days 12-24 hrs

Cannabis (habitual use) 2-3 weeks 90 days 2 weeks 12-24 hrs

Cocaine 4-5 days 90 days 1 day 1 day

Codeine/Morphine 2-4 days 90 days 6-12 hours 12-36 hrs

Heroin 2-4 days 90 days 6 hours unknown

LSD 2-24 hours unknown 0-3 hours unknown

Methamphetamine 3-5 days 90 days 24 hours 3 days

PCP 3-7 days 90 days 1-3 days 3 days

Drug Testing Methodologies

• Tamper-evident seal

• Make the sample testable

• Screening test

• Confirmation test

• Test sensitivitySUBSTANCE SCREENING TEST GC / MS

Cannabis 50 ng/mL 15 ng/mL

Cocaine 300 ng/mL 150 ng/mL

Opiates 2000 ng/mlL* 2000 ng/mlL*

Amphetamines 1000 ng/mL 500 ng/mL

PCP 25 ng/mL 25 ng/mL

*raised from 300 ng/ml in 1998

• Ibuprofen

• Decongestants

• Diet pills

• Antibiotics

• Others

• Legal drugs

• Poppy seeds?

False Positives

True Positives

ibuprofen

NH2

N

Selegiline

levoamphetaminen

Breathalyzer

• Measurement of blood alcohol content

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"The Red Deer Advocate", Red Deer, Alberta, Canada

Forensics

• Identification of Unknown Compounds– Patient symptoms– Appearance of tablet/capsule– Microscopy– Organic chemistry

• Physical properties• Functional groups• Chromatography• Spectroscopy

Forensics

• Ninhydrin

• Luminol

O

O

O

H2O

O

O

OH

OH

R NH2

O

N

O

R

NH

NH

NH2 O

O

[O]

O

O

NH2 O

O

+ N2