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COMBINATION REACTION

1. A metal + non-metala. When a Group A metal and a nonmetal react, the

product is a compound that is a combination of a

metal cation and a nonmetal anion.

Mg + O2 MgO

Mg + Cl2 MgCl2

Complete this combination reaction:

Be + O2 _______

Sr + I2 ______

b. When a transition metal and a nonmetal react,there may be one or more possible products.

Fe + S FeS

Fe + S Fe2S3

2. Nonmetal + nonmetalWhen a nonmetal and nonmetal react by combination, more

than one product is often possible.

2C + O2 2CO

C + O2 CO2

S + O2 SO2

2S + 3O2 2SO3

3. Nonmetal oxide + waterSome NONMETAL OXIDES react with water to produce an ACID.

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

4. Metal oxide + waterSome METALLIC OXIDES react with water to form a BASE.

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

) Which of the following oxides may produce anacid when dissolved in water?

CO2 NO2 Fe2O3

5. Metal oxide + nonmetal oxideMetallic oxide may also react with nonmetal oxides to form a

salt

K2O + SO3 K2SO4

CaO + CO2 CaCO3

) Using the previous examples as yourguidelines, complete the following combination

reactions.

1. Al + O22. Cu + S3. SO3+ H2O

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DECOMPOSITION REACTION

1. OxidesOxides of metals beyond Hg in the electromotive series can be

decomposed by HEATING to produce a metal and oxygen gas.

Ag2O heat

4Ag + O2

Al2O3 heat

no reaction

Fe2O3 heat

no reaction

However, oxides of the metals above Hg in the activity series

may be decomposed by electrolysis, thus,

2Al2O3 yelectricit

4Al + 3O2

2. HydroxidesAll hydroxides except those of Group IA will lose water when

heated forming the metal oxide.

Mg(OH)2 heat

MgO + H2O

NaOH heat

no reaction

2Al(OH)3 heat

Al2O3 + 3H2O

3. SulfatesWith the exception of the Group IA and Group IIA sulfates, the

sulfates of all other metals are decomposed by heated to form

a metal oxide and sulfur trioxide.

Al2(SO4)3 heat

Al2O3 +3SO3

CaSO4 heat no reaction

4. NitratesThe nitrates of Group I metals decompose into nitrites and

oxygen.

2KNO3 heat

2KNO2 + O2

The nitrates of other metals will decompose into nitrogendioxide, oxygen, and metal oxide.

2Pb(NO3)2 heat

2PbO + 4NO2 + O2

5. CarbonatesExcept for Group I carbonates, all carbonates lose carbon

dioxide to form a metallic oxide.

MgCO3 heat

MgO + CO2

Na2CO3 heat

no reaction

6. ChloratesAll chlorates decompose by heating to form the chloride of

the metal and oxygen gas.

KClO3 heat

KCl + O2

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SINGLE-REPLACEMENT REACTIONS

1. A metal + an acidWhen a metal is above the hydrogen in the activity series is

reacted with an acid, hydrogen is liberated and salt is

formed.

Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Cu + H2SO4no reaction

2. A metal + a saltEach metal in the activity series displaces any metal below

it from a salt in a solution.

Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

Cu + FeSO4no reaction

3. A halogen + halide saltA halogen Group VIIA will displace any less active halogen

from a halide salt.

Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2

DOUBLE-REPLACEMENT REACTIONS

1. One product is slightly soluble and precipitates in thesolution.

a. All salts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium are solublein water.

NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 ------ soluble

b. Nitrates, chlorates and acetates of all metals are soluble inwater.

KNO3, Mg(ClO3)2, NaC2H3O2 ----- soluble

c. Chlorides, bromides and iodides of all metals EXCEPT lead,silver, and mercury (I) are soluble in water. (PbCl2, PbBr2

and PbI2 are soluble in hot water)

MgI2--- soluble

AgCl--- insoluble

d. Sulfates of all metals EXCEPT lead, mercury (I), barium andcalcium are soluble in water.

Na2SO4 ----- soluble

CaSO4---- insoluble

e. Carbonates, phosphates, borates, sulfites, chromates andarsenates of all metals except sodium, potassium, and

ammonium are insoluble in water.

Na2CO3 ----- soluble

MgCO3----- insoluble

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f. Sulfides of barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium,potassium and ammonium are soluble in water. All other

sulfides are insoluble.

CaS ---- soluble

FeS---- insoluble

g. The hydroxides of sodium, potassium, ammonium,calcium and barium are soluble in water. Oxides and

hydroxides of all other metals are insoluble.

NaOH --- soluble

MgO--- insoluble

2. One product is a gas that bubbles out in of the mixture.3. One product is a molecular compound such as water.

BaCl2 + K2CO3 BaCO3 + 2KCl

NaCl + HBr no reaction

ACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

Lithium (Li)

Potassium (K)

Barium (Ba)

Strontium (Sr)

Calcium (Ca)

Sodium (Na)

Magnesium (Mg)

Aluminum (Al)

Manganese (Mn)

Zinc (Zn)

Chromium (Cr)

Iron (Fe)

Cadmium (Cd)

Cobalt (Co)

Nickel (Ni)

Tin (Sn)

Lead (Pb)

Antimony (Sb)

Arsenic (As)

Bismuth (Bi)

Copper (Cu)

Mercury I (Hg+)

Silver (Ag)

Palladium (Pd)

Mercury II (Hg2+)

Platinum (Pt)

Gold (Au)

INCREASING

ACTIVITY