Types of case studies ql
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Types of research and Types of research and theoretical perspective of theoretical perspective of
researchresearch
Zuleima YañezYessica Serna
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According to Kerlinger (1986), research can be conducted as exploratory,
explanatory or descriptive.
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Exploratory researchExploratory research
Exploratory research is about putting one’s self deliberately in a place- again and again- where discovery is possible
and broad, usually (but not always) nonspecialized interest can be pursued’’
Stebbins (2001)
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Explanatory researchExplanatory research
Explanatory research has the aim of finding relationships among variables from
theory based expectations whereas descriptive research aims to describe a situation or context. Malhotra & Grover
(1998).
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Descriptive researchDescriptive research
- According to Best and Kahn (2006), descriptive research is to find general
attributes in the present condition.
It provides systematic information about social phenomena
observing and describing.
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Theoretical perspective
“The philosophical stance informing the methodology
and thus providing a context for the process and
grounding its logic and criteria methods and linking the
choice and use of methods to the desired outcomes”
(Crotty, 1998).
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Although they are related, they are not the same.
Each one is the base for the next one
- Epistemology: theory of knowledge- Theoretical perspective: philosophical
position- Methodology: strategies for conducting a
research
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Some types of theoretical perspectives
- Positivism
- Interpretivism
- Critical inquiry
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Positivism Positivism
- The only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge.- Researcher should be objective.- Quantitative data- Aim: offers explanations using scientific sciences.
Objectivism (epistemology) Positivism (theoretical perspective) Survey research (methodology) Statistical analysis (method)
(taken from
Crotty, 1998)
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Interpretivism
- The methods of natural science are seen as inappropriate for study of people’s behavior.
- The focus of interpretivism is not numbers; it is words.
- Qualitative data
Constructionism Interpretivism Etnography Participant Observation (Crotty,1998)
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Critical Inquiry
- Related to interpretivism
- This takes a critical look at society and tries to identify inequities and ways to remedy them.
- Promotes democracy making differences in different contexts
- The goal of critical inquiry is emancipation of the oppression.
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Crotty, M. (1998). The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Kerlinger, E. (1986). Foundations of behavioral research (3rd 4.). New York: Holt, Rinehart &Winston
Malhotra, M. & Grover, V. (1998). An Assessment of Survey Research in POM:from constructs to theory. Journal of Operations Management, vol. 16: 17, pp. 407-425
Crotty, M., (1998), The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process, Allen and Unwin
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in education. (10th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon
Blaxter. L.., Hughes. C, and Tight. M (2001) How to research. 3 ed. Buckingham: Open University Press.