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Types of Aggregates and Applications

1. Granite aggregatesGranite aggregates are crushed hard rock of granular s tructure, beingthe most common on Earth. Granite rock comes from magma thaterupted on the ground surface and then hardened. Good properties of granite make it the most popular building material.In terms of its technical characteristics granite is solid (grades 800-1200) and highly solid (grades 1,400-1,600), frost resis tant (grades300-400), with low flakiness index (5-23%), of the 1st class in terms of radionuclidity (A (eff)

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 5-250 mm: a large fraction of aggregates (processed after primary crushing) that is used as a bas is for road surface. 20-70 mm, 40-70 mm: a large fraction that is used in production of concrete and solid concrete structuresand in works with large volumes of concrete. It is also us ed in road construction within residential areasand in building of industrial spaces and premises. 70-120 mm, 120-150 mm, 150-300 mm (quarry stone): rarely used. It is used for decorative purposes,usually reveting of catchment areas, reservoirs, and bas ins.

 2. Gravel aggregatesGravel aggregates are aggregates acquired as the result of sifting quarried rock and by crushing naturalstone rock. In strength, gravel aggregates are inferior to granite aggregates, but they also have their advantages: their radioactive background is usually very low and they are cheaper than granite aggregates.Gravel aggregates are used for foundations and concretes and in products m ade of reinforced concreteand in road cons truction.

There are two types of gravel aggregates:• Scabbled stone- - regular natural or crushed,• Gravel - rounded pebbles usually of river or sea origin.Fractions of gravel aggregates are as follows: 3-10 mm, 5-20 mm, 5-40 mm, 20-40 mm. 

3. Limestone aggregatesLimestone aggregates are a product of the crushing of sedimentary rock - limestone, which is composedmainly of calcite (calcium carbonate - СаСО3).Limes tone aggregates (sometimes called lime or dolomite aggregate) is one of the main types of aggregates that besides the gravel and the granite types is us ed in road construction and in production of reinforced concrete objects.

4. Secondary aggregatesSecondary aggregate comes from crushing construction was te - concrete, bricks, and asphalt. This type of aggregate is made with the same equipment as other types of aggregates.The main benefit of secondary aggregate is its low cost: on average, it is two times cheaper than thegranite type. Power input for its production in comparison to other types of aggregates can be up to 8 timeslower. The prime cost of concrete in which secondary aggregate is used as a large filler is a quarter lower.In terms of strength, frost res istance, and certain other characteristics s econdary aggregate is inferior toaggregates made of natural stones; nonetheless it has wide application:• As a large-scale filler for concretes with strength 5 ... 20 MPa;• In road construction (filler for roads and ramps , use as a lower layer for roads that do not have stateimportance);• In maintenance works (filler under asphalted areas and sidewalks);• For reinforcing the weak soils (trenches for utility network and bottoms of construction pits). 5. Slag aggregatesSlag aggregates are obtained by crushing of smelter slag or by special treatment of fire-liquid s lag melt(molten slag aggregates). Currently there are many types of concretes that are developed and used inconstruction that include metallurgical slags both as a binding component and as fillers. The cost of products from slag concretes is 20-30% lower than traditional ones.