Group MembersGroup Members

Muhammad WaqasMuhammad Waqas (0050)(0050)Awais MansoorAwais Mansoor (0064)(0064)Muhammad RizwanMuhammad Rizwan (0081)(0081)Muhammad BasharatMuhammad Basharat (0121)(0121)

Types andTypes and Fundamentals Fundamentals

of of Information SystemsInformation Systems

IntroductionIntroduction Information system (IS):Information system (IS):

A set of interrelated components that collect, A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and manipulate, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback to meet an information and provide feedback to meet an objective.objective.

Businesses: Businesses: Can use information systems to increase Can use information systems to increase

revenues and reduce costsrevenues and reduce costs

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Information ConceptsInformation Concepts

Information: Information: One of an organization’s most valuable One of an organization’s most valuable

resources resources Often confused with the term Often confused with the term datadata

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Data, Information, and Data, Information, and KnowledgeKnowledge

Data:Data:Raw factsRaw facts

Information:Information:Collection of facts organized in such a way Collection of facts organized in such a way

that they have value beyond the facts that they have value beyond the facts themselvesthemselves

Process:Process:Set of logically related tasks Set of logically related tasks

Knowledge:Knowledge:Awareness and understanding of a set of Awareness and understanding of a set of

informationinformation6

Data, Information, and Knowledge (continued)

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Data, Information, and Knowledge (continued)

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What is an Information System? (continued)

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Input, Processing, Output, Input, Processing, Output, FeedbackFeedback

Input:Input:Any information or data that is sent to Any information or data that is sent to

a computer a computer Processing:Processing:

Converting data into useful outputsConverting data into useful outputsOutput:Output:

Production of useful information, usually in the Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reportsform of documents and reports

Feedback:Feedback:Information from the system that is used to Information from the system that is used to

make changes to input or processing activitiesmake changes to input or processing activities10

Manual and Computerized Manual and Computerized Information SystemsInformation Systems

An information system can be:An information system can be:Manual or computerizedManual or computerized

Manual based information systemsManual based information systemsA A manual-based systemmanual-based system will see information will see information

recorded and kept in different ways such as in recorded and kept in different ways such as in files in paper form.files in paper form.

Computerized information systems:Computerized information systems:AA computer based computer based information systeminformation system will will

see data stored on various computer programs see data stored on various computer programs including on databases, Word documents, including on databases, Word documents, Excel etc.Excel etc.

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Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information SystemsSystems

Technology infrastructure: Technology infrastructure: Includes all hardware, software, databases, Includes all hardware, software, databases,

telecommunications, people, and procedures telecommunications, people, and procedures Configured to collect, manipulate, store, and Configured to collect, manipulate, store, and

process data into informationprocess data into information

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Computer-Based Information Systems (continued)

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Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information Systems (continued)Systems (continued)

Hardware: Hardware: Consists of computer equipment used to Consists of computer equipment used to

perform input, processing, and output perform input, processing, and output activitiesactivities

Software: Software: Consists of the computer programs that Consists of the computer programs that

govern the operation of the computergovern the operation of the computerDatabase: Database:

Organized collection of facts and information, Organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related typically consisting of two or more related data filesdata files 14

Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information Systems (continued)Systems (continued)

Telecommunications, networks, and the Telecommunications, networks, and the Internet:Internet:The electronic transmission of signals for The electronic transmission of signals for

communicationscommunicationsNetworks: Networks:

Connect computers and equipment to enable Connect computers and equipment to enable electronic communicationelectronic communication

Internet: Internet: World’s largest computer network, consisting World’s largest computer network, consisting

of thousands of interconnected networks, all of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging informationfreely exchanging information 15

Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information Systems (continued)Systems (continued)

Intranet:Intranet:Internal network that allows people within an Internal network that allows people within an

organization to exchange information and organization to exchange information and work on projectswork on projects

Extranet:Extranet:Network that allows selected outsiders, such Network that allows selected outsiders, such

as business partners and customers, to as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company’s access authorized resources of a company’s intranetintranet

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Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information Systems (continued)Systems (continued)

People: People: The most important element in most The most important element in most

computer-based information systemscomputer-based information systemsProcedures:Procedures:

Include strategies, policies, methods, and Include strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBISrules for using the CBIS

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Types of Information SystemsTypes of Information Systems

There are following types of Information There are following types of Information system:system:

Management Information SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemDecision Support SystemKnowledge Management SystemKnowledge Management System

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Management information system Management information system (MIS)(MIS)

Organized collection of people, Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makersto managers and decision makers

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Management information system Management information system (MIS)(MIS)

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Decision Support SystemsDecision Support Systems(DSS)(DSS)

Decision support system (DSS): Decision support system (DSS): Organized collection of people, procedures, Organized collection of people, procedures,

software, databases, and devices that support software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision makingproblem-specific decision making

Can include:Can include:A collection of models used to support a decision A collection of models used to support a decision

maker or user (model base)maker or user (model base)A collection of facts and information to assist in A collection of facts and information to assist in

decision making (database) decision making (database) Systems and procedures (user interface or Systems and procedures (user interface or

dialogue manager) that help decision makers and dialogue manager) that help decision makers and other users interact with the DSSother users interact with the DSS 21

Knowledge management systems Knowledge management systems (KMS)(KMS)

Organized collection of people, Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and procedures, software, databases, and devices to:devices to:

Create, store, share, and use the organization’s Create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experienceknowledge and experience

Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 22

RiskRisk

Managers must consider the risks of Managers must consider the risks of designing, developing, and implementing designing, developing, and implementing systemssystems

Information systems can sometimes be Information systems can sometimes be costly failurescostly failures

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Working in TeamsWorking in Teams

It is always good for IS professionals to:It is always good for IS professionals to:Have good communications skills and the Have good communications skills and the

ability to work with other peopleability to work with other peopleGetting the best team of IS personnel to Getting the best team of IS personnel to

work on important projects is:work on important projects is:Critical in successfully developing new Critical in successfully developing new

information systems or modifying existing information systems or modifying existing onesones

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Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Finding a Job in ISFinding a Job in ISDeveloping an online résumé can be Developing an online résumé can be

critical to finding a good jobcritical to finding a good jobJob search approaches:Job search approaches:

On campus visitsOn campus visitsReferrals from professors, friends, and family Referrals from professors, friends, and family

membersmembersThe Internet:The Internet:

Online job sitesOnline job sitesCompany Web sitesCompany Web sitesSocial networking sitesSocial networking sitesBlogs Blogs

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Global Challenges in Information Global Challenges in Information SystemsSystems

Cultural challengesCultural challengesLanguage challengesLanguage challengesTime and distance challengesTime and distance challenges Infrastructure challengesInfrastructure challengesCurrency challengesCurrency challenges

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Global Challenges in Information Global Challenges in Information Systems (continued)Systems (continued)

Product and service challengesProduct and service challengesTechnology transfer issuesTechnology transfer issuesState, regional, and national lawsState, regional, and national lawsTrade agreementsTrade agreements

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SummarySummaryData:Data:

Raw factsRaw factsTo be valuable, information must be:To be valuable, information must be:

Accurate, complete, economical to produce, Accurate, complete, economical to produce, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple to flexible, reliable, relevant, simple to understand, timely, verifiable, accessible, understand, timely, verifiable, accessible, and secureand secure

Types of systems used within Types of systems used within organizations:organizations:E-commerce and m-commerce, TPS and E-commerce and m-commerce, TPS and

ERP, MIS and DSS, and specialized ERP, MIS and DSS, and specialized business information systemsbusiness information systems

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Summary (continued)Summary (continued)Systems development:Systems development:

The activity of creating or modifying existing The activity of creating or modifying existing business systemsbusiness systems

Organization:Organization:Formal collection of people and various other Formal collection of people and various other

resources established to accomplish a set of resources established to accomplish a set of goalsgoals

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