TYOTA2

CONTENTSChapter 1 Introduction

1.1. Overview of Industry as a whole

1.2. Profile of the Organization

1.3. Growth of the Organization

1.4. S.W.O.T Analysis of the Organization

1.5. Competition Information

Chapter 2 - Objective & Methodology

2.1. Significance

2.2. Managerial usefulness of the study

2.3. Objectives

2.4. Scope of the study

2.5. Methodology

Chapter 3 Conceptual Discussion (Theoretical

Backdrop & Literature Review) -

Chapter 4 - Data Analysis

Chapter 5 - Findings and Recommendations

ANNEXURES: Include the following details in this section

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1. OVERVIEW - INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Over a period of more than two decades the Indian Automobile industry has been driving its own growth through phases. The entry of Suzuki Corporation in Indian passenger car manufacturing is often pointed as the first sign of India turning to a market economy. Since then the automobile sector witnessed rapid growth year after year. By late-90's the industry reached self reliance in engine and component manufacturing from the status of large scale importer.

With comparatively higher rate of economic growth rate index against that of great global powers, India has become a hub of domestic and exports business. The automobile sector has been contributing its share to the shining economic performance of India in the recent years.

With the Indian middle class earning higher per capita income, more people are ready to own private vehicles including cars and two-wheelers. Product movements and manned services have boosted in the sales of medium and sized commercial vehicles for passenger and goods transport. Side by side with fresh vehicle sales growth, the automotive components sector has witnessed big growth. The domestic auto components consumption has crossed rupees 9000 crores and an export of one half size of this figure

Overview Of Automobile Industry

The Indian automobile industry is going through a technological change where each firm is engaged in changing its processes and technologies to sustain the competitive advantage and provide customers with the optimized products and services. Starting from the two wheelers, trucks, and tractors to the multi utility vehicles, commercial vehicles and the luxury vehicles, the Indian automobile industry has achieved tremendous amount of success in the recent years.

As per Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) the market share of each segment of the industry is as follows:.The market shares of the segments of the automobile industry

The automobile industry had a growth of 15.4 % during April-January 2007, with the average annual growth of 10-15% over the last decade or so. With the incremental investment of $35-40 billion, the growth is expected to double in the next 10 years.Consistent growth and dedication have made the Indian automobile industry the second- largest tractor and two-wheeler manufacturer in the world. It is also the fifth-largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world. The Indian automobile market is among the largest in Asia.The key players like Hindustan Motors, Maruti Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd, Tata Motors, Bajaj Motors, Hero Motors, Ashok Leyland, Mahindra & Mahindra have been dominating the vehicle industry. A few of the foreign players like Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd., Skoda India Private Ltd., Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. have also entered the market and have catered to the customers needs to a large extent.

Not only the Indian companies but also the international car manufacturing companies are focusing on compact cars to be delivered in the Indian market at a much smaller price. Moreover, the automobile companies are coming up with financial schemes such as easy EMI repayment systems to boost sales.There have been exhibitions like Auto-expo at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi to share the technological advancements. Besides, there are many new projects coming up in the automobile industry leading to the growth of the sector.

The Government of India has liberalized the foreign exchange and equity regulations and has also reduced the tariff on imports, contributing significantly to the growth of the sector. Having firmly established its presence in the domestic markets, the Indian automobile sector is now penetrating the international arena. Vehicle exports from India are at their highest levels. The leaders of the Indian automobile sector, such as Tata Motors, Maruti and Mahindra and Mahindra are leading the exports to Europe, Middle East and African and Asian markets.The Ministry of Heavy Industries has released the Automotive Plan 2006-2016, with the motive of making India the most popular manufacturing hub for automobiles and its components in Asia. The plan focuses on the removal of all the bottlenecks that are inhibiting its growth in the domestic as well as international arena.

Top Ten Players in Indian Automobile Sector

The domestic players as well as the foreign players dominate the Indian automobile sector. The key players contributing to the growth of the sector are discussed below.

Top Ten Players in Indian Automobile Sector

Maruti Suzuki India

Hero Motors Limited Tata Group Bajaj Auto Limited Mahindra Group Ashok Leyland Yamaha Motor India Hyundai Motors India Limited Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited Honda Siel Cars India Limited

1.2. COMPANY PROFILE

The story of Toyota Motor Corporation began in September 1933 when Toyota

Automatic Loom created a new division devoted to the production of automobiles under

the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyota. Soon thereafter, the division produced its first Type A Engine in 1934, which was used in the first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935. Production of the Model AA passenger car started in 1936.

Although the Toyota Group is most well known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms (fully computerized, of course), and electric sewing machines which are available worldwide.

Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company in 1937. Although the founding family name is Toyoda, the company name was changed to:

Signify the separation of the founders' work life from home life;

Simplify the pronunciation, and

Give the company an auspicious beginning. Toyota is considered luckier than Toyoda in Japan, where eight is regarded as a lucky number, and eight is the number of strokes it takes to write Toyota in Katakana.

During the Pacific War the company was dedicated to truck production for the Imperial Army. Because of severe shortages in Japan, military trucks were kept as simple as possible. For example, the trucks had only one headlight on the center of the hood.

Commercial passenger car production started in 1947 with the model SA. In 1950 a separate sales company Toyota Motor Sales Co. was established (which lasted until July 1982). In April 1956 the Toyota dealer chain was established.

Replica of the Toyota Model AA, the first production model of Toyota in 1936

HEADQUARTERS: TOYOTA CITY, JAPAN

ASSEMBLY PLANTS OVER THE WORLD

Toyota has factories all over the world, manufacturing or assembling vehicles for local markets, including its most popular model, the Corolla. Toyota has manufacturing or assembly plants in the United States, Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, France, Brazil, and more recently India, Argentina and Czech Republic. Toyota also builds and sells cars in China in a joint venture with Tianjin Xiali. Toyota New Zealand assembled vehicles until 1998, when it switched to importing cars from Japan and Australia. Cars from these plants are often exported to other countries.

Toyota Car Model:

Innova

Camry

Avalon

Matrix

Corolla

Prius TRUCKS:

Tacoma

Tundra

SPORTS UTILITY VEHICLES( SUVs):

4runner

Land cruiserOVERVIEW

In 2006, Toyota was engaged in a variety of projects designed to solidify its foundations while continuing to grow.

On the product front, Lexus launched its new flagship model, the LS, and the new global Camry went on sale. In Japan, a new Corolla range was introduced, emphasizing the importance of this best-selling car.In manufacturing, several new projects were started around the world. In May, manufacture of the Camry began in Guangzhou, China, while in the United States, the Kentucky plant, which inOctober celebrated 20 years of production, started manufacturing the first Toyota hybrid vehicle to be made in North America, the Camry Hybrid. In November, the Texas plant began producing the new Tundra truck, a key vehicle in Toyotas North American lineup. In Japan, Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. began full-scale operations at its engine factory, while Toyota Motor Tohoku Co., Ltd. increased its manufacturing capacity.In human resources development, following the establishment of the Asia Pacific Global Production Center in Thailand in August 2005, Toyota established the North American Production Center in the U.S. in February, and the European Global Production Center in the United Kingdom in March. Established as branches of the Global Production Center in Japan, these were created to spread Toyotas manufacturing knowledge and skills throughout the world in pace with the rapid growth of Toyotas overseas manufacturing. The centers educate trainers for local manufacturing plants in all regions, with trainees passing on what they learn to team members on their return to their plants.

In R&D, Toyota focused its efforts on three key areas: environment, safety and energy. It made a special effort in the area of the environment by expanding its lineup of hybrid vehicles, and has worked on R&D relating to plug-in hybrid. In addition, as part of Toyotas efforts to respond to the diversification of energy, in 2007 Toyota introduced a flex fuel vehicle* in the Brazilian market that will run on 100% bio-ethanol fuel. From this point on, based on the philosophy of providing the right car, in the right place, at the right time, and in accordance with the infrastructure and customer needs of each region, Toyota will continue to promote efforts to develop environmentally friendly technology and vehicles.CORPORATE DATACompany NameToyota Motor Corporation

EstablishedAugust 28, 1937

Tokyo Head Office1-4-18 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8701, JapanPhone: (03)3817-7111

Nagoya Office4-7-1 Meieki, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture 450-8711, JapanPhone: (052)552-2111

Head OfficeToyota-Cho, Toyota City , Aichi Prefecture 471-8571 , Japan

Phone : (03)3817-7111

Since its foundation, Toyota has conducted business with contributing to the development of a prosperous society through the manufacture of automobiles as a guiding principle. When I became president two years ago, I called on all employees to work with me in returning to our origins and asking earnestly whether Toyota is truly contributing to society and whether we are doing everything we should be doing. On the occasion of Toyotas 70th anniversary, we will reinforce our measures designed to return to our core principle, which is to "repay the earth and society through technological innovation (and contribute to enhancing the quality of life everywhere.GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Honor the language and spirit of the law of every nation and undertake open and fair corporate activities to be a good corporate citizen of the world.

Respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic and social development through corporate activities in the communities.

Dedicate ourselves to providing clean and safe products and to enhancing the quality of life everywhere through all our activities.

Create and develop advanced technologies and provide outstanding products and services that fulfill the needs of customers worldwide.

Foster a corporate culture that enhances individual creativity and teamwork value, while honoring mutual trust and respect between labor and management.

Pursue growth in harmony with the global community through innovative management.

Work with business partners in research and creation to achieve stable, long-term growth and mutual benefits, while keeping ourselves open to new partnerships.

PERCEPTS Be contributive to the development and welfare of the country by working together, regardless of position, in faithfully fulfilling your duties.

Be at the vanguard of the times through endless creativity, inquisitiveness and pursuit of improvement.

Be practical and avoid frivolity.

Be kind and generous; strive to create a warm, homelike atmosphere.

Be reverent, and show gratitude for things great and small in thought and deedMANAGERIAL INFORMATION

1. Executives

1) Board of Directors (26 people)NameTitle

Fujio Cho*Chairman

Katsuhiro NakagawaVice Chairman

Katsuaki WatanabePresident

Tokuichi UranishiExecutive Vice President

Kazuo OkamotoExecutive Vice President

Kyoji SasazuExecutive Vice President

Mitsuo KinoshitaExecutive Vice President

Yoshimi InabaExecutive Vice President

Takeshi UchiyamadaExecutive Vice President

Masatami TakimotoExecutive Vice President

Akio ToyodaExecutive Vice President

Tetsuo HattoriSenior Managing Director

Yukitoshi FunoSenior Managing Director

Takeshi SuzukiSenior Managing Director

Atsushi NiimiSenior Managing Director

Hajime WakayamaSenior Managing Director

Hiroshi TakadaSenior Managing Director

Teiji TachibanaSenior Managing Director

Shinichi SasakiSenior Managing Director

Shin KanadaSenior Managing Director

Akira OkabeSenior Managing Director

Yoshio ShiraiSenior Managing Director

Yoichiro IchimaruSenior Managing Director

Shoji IkawaSenior Managing Director

Shoichiro ToyodaHonorary Chairman

Hiroshi Okuda**Senior Advisor, Member of the Board

*Promoted, **Changed

2) Corporate Auditors (7 people)NameTitle

Hideaki MiyaharaCorporate Auditor

Chiaki YamaguchiCorporate Auditor

Masaki Nakatsugawa*Corporate Auditor

Yasutaka OkamuraCorporate Auditor (external)

Yoichi KayaCorporate Auditor (external)

Yoichi Morishita*Corporate Auditor (external)

Akishige Okada*Corporate Auditor (external)

*Newly appointed

3) Managing Officers (49 people)NameTitle

Koichi InaManaging Officer

Yoshikazu AmanoManaging Officer

Takeshi YoshidaManaging Officer

Shinzo KobukiManaging Officer

Akira SasakiManaging Officer

Hiroshi KawakamiManaging Officer

Iwao NihashiManaging Officer

Tadashi ArashimaManaging Officer

Masamoto MaekawaManaging Officer

Mamoru FuruhashiManaging Officer

Satoshi OzawaManaging Officer

Seiichi SudoManaging Officer

Yasuhiko IchihashiManaging Officer

Tadashi YamashinaManaging Officer

Takashi HataManaging Officer

James E. PressManaging Officer

Gary L. ConvisManaging Officer

Wahei HiraiManaging Officer

Tatehito UedaManaging Officer

Takashi ShigematsuManaging Officer

Yuzo UshiyamaManaging Officer

Yasumori IharaManaging Officer

Takahiko IjichiManaging Officer

Toshio FurutaniManaging Officer

Tetsuo AgataManaging Officer

Senta MoriokaManaging Officer

Hironobu InoueManaging Officer

Kazuhiko TakaradaManaging Officer

Masayuki NakaiManaging Officer

Toshiki HayamaManaging Officer

Takahiro IwaseManaging Officer

Akihito TsujiManaging Officer

Yoshihiko MasudaManaging Officer

Nobuo KobayashiManaging Officer

Yoshimasa IshiiManaging Officer

Tatsuya KanekoManaging Officer

Takeshi ShiraneManaging Officer

Masanao TomozoeManaging Officer

Katsunori ItasakaManaging Officer

Tokuyuki TakahashiManaging Officer

Real (Ray) TanguayManaging Officer

Ryoichi Sasaki*Managing Officer

Seiho Kawakami*Managing Officer

Yasuhiro Yokoi*Managing Officer

Takahiro Fujioka*Managing Officer

Masanobu Kawase*Managing Officer

Yukio Nishikawa*Managing Officer

Hirofumi Muta*Managing Officer

Thierry Dombreval*Managing Officer

*Newly appointed

As a result of the above changes, TMC now has, 1 chairman, 1 vice chairman, 1 president, 8 executive vice presidents, 13 senior managing directors, 1 honorary chairman, 1 senior advisor, member of the board, 7 auditors and 49 managing officers, for a total of 82 executives.

2. Retiring Corporate Auditors and Managing Officers (10 people)Yoshiro Hayashi(Appointed as Advisor)

Hiroshi Okabe(Appointed as Advisor)

Tadashi Ishikawa(Appointed as Advisor)

Hitoshi Nishiyama(Appointed as Advisor)

Alan J. Jones

Yoshikatsu Tanaka(Appointed as Advisor)

Nobuyoshi Hisada(Appointed as Advisor)

Mitsuhisa Kato(Appointed as Advisor)

John H. Conomos

Takis J. Athanasopoulos

3. Executives' Areas of Responsibility and Titles

1) Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Managing DirectorsNameNewFormer

TokuichiUranishiExecutive Vice President-Global Planning Operations-Overseas(Americas, Europe & Africa, Asia, Oceania & Middle East)-The Americas Operations Group(Chief Officer)-Europe & Africa Operations Group(Chief Officer)

Executive Vice President-Overseas(Overseas Planning Americas, Europe & Africa, Asia, Oceania & Middle East)-Europe & Africa Operations Group(Chief Officer)

KazuoOkamotoExecutive Vice President-Research & Development(R & D Management, Technical Administration, Design, Product Development, Vehicle Engineering, Motor Sports) -Technical Administration Group (Chief Officer)-Design Group (Chief Officer)-Motorsport Business Management Dept.-Motor Sports Div.

Executive Vice President-Research & Development(R & D Management, Technical Administration, Design, Product Development, Vehicle Engineering, Motor Sports) -Design Group (Chief Officer)

KyojiSasazuExecutive Vice President-Global Planning Operations-Japan Sales Operations

Executive Vice President-Domestic Sales Operations

MitsuoKinoshitaExecutive Vice President-Corporate Planning-General Administration & Human Resources-Accounting-Information Systems-Business Development-Government & Public Affairs-Housing-General Administration & Human Resources Group (Chief Officer)-Global Audit Div.-Corporate Planning Div.

Executive Vice President-Corporate Planning-General Administration & Human Resources-Finance & Accounting-Information Systems-Business Development-Government & Public Affairs-Housing-Global Audit Div.-Corporate Planning Div.-Research Div.

YoshimiInabaExecutive Vice President-Overseas (China)-Customer Service-China Operations Group (Chief Officer)

Executive Vice President-Overseas (China)-Customer Service-China Operations Group (Chief Officer)-China Office

TakeshiUchiyamadaExecutive Vice President-Production-TQM-Environmental Affairs

Executive Vice President-Production-TQM-Environmental Affairs

MasatamiTakimotoExecutive Vice President-Quality-Research & Development(Power Train, Future Project)-Fuel Cell System Development-Power Train Development Group(Chief Officer)-Fuel Cell System Development Group(Chief Officer)-Future Project Div.

Executive Vice President-Quality Control-Research & Development(Power Train, Future Project)-Fuel Cell System Development-Power Train Development Group(Chief Officer)-Fuel Cell System Development Group(Chief Officer)

AkioToyodaExecutive Vice President-Product Management-IT & ITS-Purchasing-Quality-IT & ITS Group (Chief Officer)-e-TOYOTA Div.

Executive Vice President-Product Management-IT & ITS-Purchasing-IT & ITS Group (Chief Officer)-e-TOYOTA Div.

TetsuoHattoriSenior Managing Director-Vehicle Engineering Group (Chief Officer)-Environmental Affairs Div.

Senior Managing Director-Quality Group (Chief Officer)-Vehicle Engineering Group (Chief Officer)-Future Project Div.-Motor Sports Div.

YukitoshiFunoSenior Managing Director-Toyota Motor North America, Inc.-Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

Senior Managing Director-The Americas Operations Group(Chief Officer)-Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

TakeshiSuzukiSenior Managing Director-Business Development Group (Chief Officer)-Accounting Group (Chief Officer)

Senior Managing Director-Finance & Accounting Group (Chief Officer)-Information Systems Group (Chief Officer)

AtsushiNiimi Senior Managing Director-Strategic Production Planning Group(Chief Officer)-Manufacturing Group (Chief Officer)-TQM Promotion Div.

Senior Managing Director-Production Control & Logistics Group(Chief Officer)-Manufacturing Group (Chief Officer)-TQM Promotion Div.

HajimeWakayamaSenior Managing Director-Purchasing Group (Chief Officer)

Senior Managing Director-Business Development Group (Chief Officer)-Purchasing Group (Chief Officer)

HiroshiTakadaSenior Managing Director-Global Planning Operations Group(Chief Officer)-Product Management Div.

Senior Managing Director-Overseas Planning Operations Group(Chief Officer)-Product Management Div.

TeijiTachibanaSenior Managing Director-Government & Public Affairs Group(Chief Officer)-Housing Group (Chief Officer)-Legal Div.

Senior Managing Director-General Administration & Human Resources Group (Chief Officer)-Housing Group (Chief Officer)

ShinichiSasakiSenior Managing Director-Quality Group (Chief Officer)

Senior Managing Director-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA-Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing Europe NV/SA

ShinKanadaSenior Managing Director-Information Systems Group (Chief Officer)-Research Div.-Global External Affairs Div.

Senior Managing Director-Government & Public Affairs Group(Chief Officer)

AkiraOkabeSenior Managing Director-Asia, Oceania & Middle East Operations Group(Chief Officer)

Senior Managing Director-Asia, Oceania & Middle East Operations Group (Chief Officer)-Taiwan Office

YoshioShiraiSenior Managing Director-Product Development Group (Chief Officer)-R&D Management Div.-TOYOTA Development Center 2(General Manager)

Senior Managing Director-Technical Administration Group-Product Development Group-Environmental Affairs Div.-R&D Management Div.

YoichiroIchimaruSenior Managing Director-Japan Sales Operations Group(Chief Officer)-Customer Service Operations Group(Chief Officer)

Senior Managing Director-Domestic Sales Operations Group(Chief Officer)-Customer Service Operations Group(Chief Officer)

ShojiIkawaSenior Managing Director-Production Engineering Group(Chief Officer)

Senior Managing Director-Production Engineering Group(Chief Officer)

2) Managing Officers (Only those with new responsibilities or those newly appointed listed)NameNewFormer

KoichiIna-Miyoshi Plant (General Manager)-Myochi Plant (General Manager)-Operations Management Consulting Div.-Global Strategic Production Planning Div.-Production Control Div.-Project Planning & Management Div.-Global Production Center (General Manager)

-Takaoka Plant (General Manager)-Tsutsumi Plant (General Manager)-Vehicle Planning & Production Engineering Div.-Stamping Production Engineering Div.-Body Assembly Engineering Div.-General Assembly Engineering Div.

AkiraSasaki-China Div.-Toyota Technical Center, China

-Toyota Technical Center, China

IwaoNihashi-TQM Promotion Div.-Technical Service Div.-Customer Relations Div.-Quality Div.-Customer Quality Engineering Div.-Fuel Cell Production Engineering Div.

-Customer Relations Div.-Quality Div.-Customer Quality Engineering Div.-Fuel Cell Production Engineering Div.

TadashiArashima-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA (TMME Company)

-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA

MasamotoMaekawa-Japan Sales Planning Div.-Japan Marketing Div.-Toyopet channel Operations Div.

-Domestic Sales Planning Div.-Domestic Marketing Div.-Toyopet channel Operations Div.

SatoshiOzawa-Secretarial Div.-General Administration Div.-Human Resources Div.-Labor Relations Div.-Toyota Institute-Nagoya General Administration Div.-Toyota Technical Skills Academy-Medical Support Div.

-Corporate Planning Div.-Research Div.-Product Management Div.

SeiichiSudo-Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc**

-Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc.

YasuhikoIchihashi-Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc**

-Toyota Technical Center, U.S.A., Inc.

TadashiYamashina-Motorsport Business Management Dept-Engineering Data Control & Management Div.-Motor Sports Div.-Technical Administration Div.

-Technical Administration Div.-TOYOTA Development Center 1(General Manager and Executive Chief Engineer)-Engineering Data Control & Management Div.

TakashiHata-Corporate Planning Div.-Research Div.-Product Management Div.-LEXUS Product & Marketing Planning Div.

-Affiliated Companies Finance Division-Accounting Division-Finance Division

JamesE. Press-Toyota Motor North America, Inc.

-Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc-Toyota Motor North America, Inc.

GaryL. Convis-Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc**

-Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc.

TatehitoUeda-Future Project Div.-Intellectual Property Div.-Higashifuji Technical Administration Div.-Power Train Engineering Div. 2-Power Train Management Engineering Div.

-Environmental Affairs Div.-Future Project Div.-Intellectual Property Div.-Higashifuji Technical Administration Div.-Power Train Engineering Div. 2-Power Train Management Engineering Div.

YasumoriIhara-Environmental Affairs Div.-Service Parts Administration Div.-Logistics Planning Div.-Production Parts Logistics Div.-Vehicle Logistics Div.-Service Parts Logistics Div.

-e-TOYOTA Div.-Business Development Div.-Marine Business Div.-Biotechnology & Afforestation Business Div. (General Manager)-IT & ITS Planning Div.-IT & ITS Sales Div.

TakahikoIjichi-Affiliated Companies Finance Div.-Accounting Div.-Cost KAIZEN Div.

-Secretarial Division-General Administration Div.-Human Resources Div.-Labor Relations Div.-Toyota Institute-Nagoya General Administration Div.-Toyota Technical Skills Academy-Medical Support Division

ToshioFurutani-Motorsport Business Management Dept.-Global Planning Div.-Global Marketing Div.

-Overseas Planning Div.-Overseas Marketing Div.

TetsuoAgata-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA(R&D/Manufacturing Company)

-Honsha Plant (General Manager)-Environmental Affairs Div.-Global Strategic Production Planning Div.-Production Control Div.-Project Planning & Management Div.-Service Parts Administration Div.

KazuhikoTakarada-Motomachi Plant (General Manager)-Kinuura Plant (General Manager)

-Global Production Center(General Manager)-Motomachi Plant (General Manager)

MasayukiNakai-Motorsport Business Management Dept.-Corporate Citizenship Div.-Global External Affairs Div.-Public Affairs Div.-Government & Industrial Affairs Div.-Corporate Public Relations Div.

-Environmental Affairs Div.-Corporate Citizenship Div.-Global External Affairs Div.-Public Affairs Div.-Government & Industrial Affairs Div.-Corporate Public Relations Div.

ToshikiHayama-Production Engineering Planning Div.-Production Engineering Development Div.-Partner Robot Development Div.-Instrumentation Engineering Div.-Production & Logistics Systems Engineering Div.-Fundamental Production Engineering Div.-Power Train & Chassis Prototype Production & Engineering Div.-Engine Production Engineering Div.-Drive Train Engineering Div.-Chassis Production Engineering Div.-HV Power Train Production Engineering Div.-Teiho Plant (General Manager)-Teiho Plant Machinery & Die Engineering Administration Div.-Mechatronics Systems Div.-Stamping Die & Tool Div.-Die & Mold Div.

-Production Engineering Planning Div.-Production Engineering Development Div.-Partner Robot Development Div.-Instrumentation Engineering Div.-Fundamental Production Engineering Div.-Power Train Prototype Engineering Div.-Engine Production Engineering Div.-Drive Train Engineering Div.-Chassis Production Engineering Div.-HV Power Train Production Engineering Div.

TakahiroIwase-Kamigo Plant (General Manager)-Shimoyama Plant (General Manager)-Tahara Plant (General Manager)

-Kamigo Plant (General Manager)-Shimoyama Plant (General Manager)

KatsunoriItasaka-Dealer Human Resources Development Div.-Japan Fleet Sales & Conversion Vehicle Div. -Toyota channel Operations Div.

-Dealer Human Resources Development Div.-Toyota channel Operations Div.

RealC. Tanguay-Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc*

-Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc. -Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada, Inc.

RyoichiSasaki*-Asia, Oceania & Middle East Project Div.-Toyota Motor Asia Pacific PTE Ltd (Singapore)-Toyota Motor Asia Pacific Co., Ltd (Thailand)-Toyota Motor Thailand Co., Ltd

-Toyota Motor Thailand Co., Ltd.

SeihoKawakami*-TOYOTA Development Center 2(Deputy General Manager)

-General Manager, Chassis Engineering Div. 2

YasuhikoYokoi*-Used Car Business Div.-LEXUS Domestic Sales & Marketing Div.

-General Manager, LEXUS Domestic Sales & Marketing Div.

TakahiroFujioka*-Takaoka Plant (General Manager)-Tsutsumi Plant (General Manager)

-Senior Executive Director, Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd.

MasanobuKawase*-TOYOTA Development Center 1(General Manager)

-Project General Manager, Technical Administration Div.

YukioNishikawa*-e-TOYOTA Div.-Business Development Div.-Marine Business Div.-Biotechnology & Afforestation Business Div.-IT & ITS Planning Div.-IT & ITS Sales Div.

-Project General Manager, Tokyo Secretarial Div.

HirofumiMuta*-Honsha Plant (General Manager)-Vehicle Planning & Production Engineering Div.-Stamping Production Engineering Div.-Body Assembly Engineering Div.-General Assembly Engineering Div.-Hirose Plant (General Manager)-Hirose Plant Electronic Components Engineering Div.-Hirose Plant Electronic Components Manufacturing Div.

-General Manager, Production Engineering Planning Div.

ThierryDombreval*-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA (TMME Company)

-Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA (TMME Company)

* Newly appointed**On April 1, 2006, Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc. was established by integrating the functions of Toyota Technical Center, U.S.A., Inc. and Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc.

4. Organizational Changes

1) Domestic Sales Operations Group and Overseas Planning Operations Group-The Domestic Sales Operations Group and the Overseas Planning Operations Group have been reorganized.

-Sales and planning functions, which were divided by region, i.e. domestic and overseas, have been integrated.

PurposeAs a global business management function of Toyota's global headquarters, to allow close coordination between TMC and various regions, including Japan, and to implement the "most-suitable growth strategy from a global perspective" though product, price and supply-and-demand strategies

2) Government & Public Affairs Group / General Administration & Human Resources Group

-The transfer of some divisions/departments of the General Administration & Human Resources Group to the Government & Public Affairs Group, have taken place as follows:

After ChangesBefore Changes

Government & Public Affairs Group General Administration & Human Resources Group

- Public Affairs Administration Dept. (transfer)- Public Affairs Administration Dept.

- Tokyo Secretarial Div. (transfer)- Tokyo Secretarial Div.

- Tokyo General Administration Div. (transfer)- Tokyo General Administration Div.

PurposeTo optimize the structural organization and distribution of human resources by consolidating the divisions and departments relevant to government & public affairs

3) Production Control & Logistics Group

-The name of the Production Control & Logistics Group has changed.

After ChangeBefore Change

Strategic Production Planning Group(name changed)Production Control & Logistics Group

PurposeTo create a name that reflects a strengthened stance toward planning that considers the actual situation of global production activities

4) Housing Group (Housing Company)

-The name of the Housing Group (Housing Company) has changed.

After ChangeBefore Change

Housing Group (name changed)Housing Group (Housing Company)

PurposeTo reflect the achievement of the original objective to reinforce operational structures through the introduction of the "company" system

5) Divisions/departments not belonging to a group; Asia, Oceania & Middle East Operations Group; China Operations Group

-The transfer of some divisions/departments to relevant groups.

After ChangesBefore Changes

Asia, Oceania & Middle East Operations GroupDivisions/departments not belonging to a Group

- Taiwan Office (transfer)- Taiwan Office

China Operations Group

- China Office (transfer)- China Office

PurposeTo clarify the chain of command and to optimize the structural organization and distribution of human resources

As a result of the above changes, the number of divisions has increased from 228 to 229.GROWTH Lasting growth for Toyota will depend on aligning our interests with the larger interests of customers and the community. We must be a company where people think seriously about the role and responsibility of their company in the world.

Our economic and industrial contribution in each region grows, for example, as we globalize our operations. Another way to align our interests with the larger interests of the community is through technology.

By the end of 1997, we will introduce the world's first new-energy transport that is commercially competitive with conventional automobiles. That is when we will put a hybrid-electric passenger car onto the market in Japan. Our hybrid-electric car will have a gasoline engine to generate electricity or provide supplementary power to the wheels. It is twice as fuel-efficient as conventionally powered vehicles of comparable size and performance. Equally important, the value of its potential fuel savings could prove greater than its cost premium over conventional vehicles. So, it actually could save money for car owners.

Survival and growth in our industry will hinge on developing technologies for reducing environmental impact of our products and operations, as well as improving vehicular safety. Photos and text on the following pages introduce some of the technologies we are developing to position Toyota as an environmental leader.SPRIORITIES OF TOYOTA IN GROWTH STRATEGY Fortifying our product line

Asserting a competitive edge in technology

Accelerating globalization

Reclaiming market share in Japan

Cultivating demand in new business sectors

Measures for asserting a competitive edge in technology have centered on environmental themes. We have introduced or demonstrated new power train technologies in the past year that will make Toyotas run cleaner and greener than ever. Those technologies include...

A direct-injection system that makes gasoline engines more efficient

Hybrid-electric systems that double fuel efficiency and reduce noxious emissions

Pure electric, "zero emission" vehicles that alleviate urban pollution

Fuel-cell systems that could transform the automobile in the 21st century.

MARKET SHARE OF TOYOTAToyota Motor Corp. grabbed more U.S. retail market share than Ford Motor Co. in early November and it was less than one share point behind General Motors Corp.,

Toyota, Japan's largest automaker, had a 15.4 percent U.S. retail market share a year earlier.

Toyota plans to enter small car segment in IndiaWorlds second largest automaker wants to get offensive in the Indian domestic auto market. Toyota is very much interested in launching a small car here in the segment currently dominated by Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai. Tata also has a decent presence in the market with their Indica range of diesel vehicles.

Toyota is at the moment carrying out a feasibility study for launching such a vehicle in the domestic market where it has models like the Innova and Camry amongst others. They have had an incredible success with their stopped Qualis model and are selling Toyota Innova in large numbers. T Ino, director (marketing), Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt Limited has expressed that the Indian auto market is a huge one and has the capacity to involve more players in the small car segment.

Toyota has a variety of interesting models in its global lineup, which it can consider to launch in the Indian market. Some of these are Vios, Platz, and Passo. The company also expects to break even here in India this year with all the accumulated losses were expected to be wiped out during 2005. They also plan to invest around Rs 130 crores during the current year to enhance efficiency.

PRODUCTS (GLOBAL):

1. Avalon2. Camry3. Camry Salora4. Corolla Altis5. Matrix6. Prius7. 4runner8. High runner9. Land Cruiser10. Sequoia11. SiennaPRICE:-

As far as pricing strategy of Toyota is concerned. They are focusing on the very segment of the market not only particular segment. Basically they are focusing on official and business class people

CAR MODELS

(INDIA)EX- SHOWROOM (MUMBAI)

AMOUNT IN INR.

INNOVA

8,01,738

COROLLA ALTIS

11,31,900

CAMRY

22,84,800

PRADO

42,27,300

Table 1.1

FUTURE PLANSIndia's car population may be growing but the growth is mainly concentrated in the small car sector, and not without reason. With increasing interest rates making buying cars costlier and the government slapping new duties on larger vehicles in addition to the existing favorable tax regime for smaller cars, even premium players are wading into the small-car scene.

Indian passenger car sales rose by 11.79 per cent between April 2007 and March 2008 to 1.2 million units. Competition in the small car segment is set to increase in 2009, with planned launches by Maruti Suzuki (A-Star and Splash), Honda (Jazz) and as yet unnamed models from Ford, GM and Volkswagen.

Japanese carmaker Toyota, all set to surpass General Motors as the world's largest, is the latest entrant when it made its intentions clear on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone for its second factory in India.

The decade-old Indian joint venture of the Japanese automaker, Toyota Kirloskar, is building its second plant at Bidadi, about 40 kilometers from India's IT hub of Bangalore, with an upfront investment of Rs14,000 crore ($329 million) to manufacture a range of passenger cars and multi-utility vehicles. Toyota is the majority partner with an 89-per cent stake with Kirloskar owning the rest.

Karnataka chief minister B S Yeddyurappa unveiled the foundation stone for the new plant that will have a test track and additional space for suppliers and other vendors. The ceremony was attended by Toyota senior managing director Akira Okabe, chairman Ryoichi Sasaki, vice-chairman Vikram Kirloskar and managing director Hiroshi Nakagawa.

The modular plant, to be commissioned by 2010, will have an installed capacity of 100,000 units annually and will employ about 2,400 people. Top officials confirmed that the company will soon be introducing its newly designed compact car in the Indian market.

The factory will be ready by mid-2010 and we are yet to finalize the launch date of the new car. We have basic concept of the new car ready and very shortly we will finalize the design of the car.''

The plant which is being set up will see an initial investment of Rs1400 crore. But this initial investment won't include certain other costs like installing robots and other automation equipment.

The arrangement of this additional amount required for the plant would be worked out later. A new test track will be included in the second plant, which is expected to be spread over 130 acres of land.

Though the new compact car has been designed for the Indian market, the initial design features indicate that it can be exported to other markets in Asia. Daihatsu, Toyota's group company, will not be involved in designing the compact new car, though it may be included in future plans.

However, Tata Motors and Bajaj Auto can rest easy for the time being. Although Okabe confirmed that the new product will be the cheapest in the Toyota stable, indications are that it maybe priced higher than its Indian competitors.

Vikram Kirloskar said as much when he commented, ''We are working on the new design. The model is yet to be finalized. We plan to have petrol as well as diesel versions. The small car will not compete with the upcoming Nano of Tata Motors, touted to be the world's cheapest car.''

GENERIC STRATEGIES Generic strategies were used initially in the early 1980s, and seem to be even more popular today. They outline the three main strategic options open to organization that wish to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Each of the three options are considered within the context of two aspects of the competitive environment:

Sources of competitive advantage - are the products differentiated in any way, or are they the lowest cost producer in an industry? Competitive scope of the market - does the company target a wide market, or does it focus on a very narrow, niche market?

Figure 1.1

The generic strategies are: 1. Cost leadership, 2. Differentiation, and 3. Focus.

1. Cost LeadershipThe low cost leader in any market gains competitive advantage from being able to many to produce at the lowest cost. Factories are built and maintained; labor is recruited and trained to deliver the lowest possible costs of production. 'cost advantage' is the focus. Costs are shaved off every element of the value chain. Products tend to be 'no frills.' However, low cost does not always lead to low price. Producers could price at competitive parity, exploiting the benefits of a bigger margin than competitors. Some organization, such as Toyota, are very good not only at producing high quality autos at a low price, but have the brand and marketing skills to use a premium pricing policy.

2. Differentiation Differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers through a sustainable competitive advantage. This allows companies to desensitize prices and focus on value that generates a comparatively higher price and a better margin. The benefits of differentiation require producers to segment markets in order to target goods and services at specific segments, generating a higher than average price. For example, Toyota differentiates its product and service. The differentiating organization will incur additional costs in creating their competitive advantage. These costs must be offset by the increase in revenue generated by sales. Costs must be recovered. There is also the chance that any differentiation could be copied by competitors. Therefore there is always an incentive to innovated and continuously improve.

3. Focus or Niche strategy The focus strategy is also known as a 'niche' strategy. Where an organization can afford neither a wide scope cost leadership nor a wide scope differentiation strategy, a niche strategy could be more suitable. Here an organization focuses effort and resources on a narrow, defined segment of a market. Competitive advantage is generated specifically for the niche. A niche strategy is often used by smaller firms. A company could use either a cost focus or a differentiation focus. With a cost focus a firm aims at being the lowest cost producer in that niche or segment. With a differentiation focus a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. There are potentially problems with the niche approach. Small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Cost focus is unachievable with an industry depending upon economies of scale e.g. telecommunications.

1.4 S.W.O.T ANALYSISStrengthsNew investment by Toyota in factories in the US and China saw 2005 profits rise, against the worldwide motor industry trend. Net profits rose 0.8% to 1.17 trillion yen ($11bn; 5.85bn), while sales were 7.3% higher at 18.55 trillion yen. Commentators argue that this is because the company has the right mix of products for the markets that it serves. This is an example of very focused segmentation, targeting and positioning in a number of countries.

In 2003 Toyota knocked its rivals Ford into third spot, to become the World's second largest carmaker with 6.78 million units. The company is still behind rivals General Motors with 8.59 million units in the same period. Its strong industry position is based upon a number of factors including a diversified product range, highly targeted marketing and a commitment to lean manufacturing and quality. The company makes a large range of vehicles for both private customers and commercial organisations, from the small Yaris to large trucks. The company uses marketing techniques to identify and satisfy customer needs. Its brand is a household name. The company also maximizes profit through efficient manufacturing approaches (e.g. Total Quality Management).

WEAKNESSBeing big has its own problems. The World market for cars is in a condition of over supply and so car manufacturers need to make sure that it is their models that consumers want. Toyota markets most of its products in the US and in Japan. Therefore it is exposed to fluctuating economic and political conditions those markets. Perhaps that is why the company is beginning to shift its attentions to the emerging Chinese market. Movements in exchange rates could see the already narrow margins in the car market being reduced.

The company needs to keep producing cars in order to retain its operational efficiency. Car plants represent a huge investment in expensive fixed costs, as well as the high costs of training and retaining labour. So if the car market experiences a down turn, the company could see over capapacity. If on the other hand the car market experiences an upturn, then the company may miss out on potential sales due to under capacity i.e. it takes time to accommodate. This is a typical problem with high volume car manufacturing.

OPPURTUNITIES

Lexus and Toyota now have a reputation for manufacturing environmentally friendly vehicles. Lexus has RX 400h hybrid, and Toyota has it Prius. Both are based upon advance technologies developed by the organization. Rocketing oil prices have seen sales of the new hybrid vehicles increase. Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers, for example Ford has bought into the technology for its new Explorer SUV Hybrid. Such moves can only firm up Toyota's interest and investment in hybrid R&D. Toyota is to target the 'urban youth' market. The company has launched its new Aygo, which is targeted at the streetwise youth market and captures (or attempts to) the nature of dance and DJ culture in a very competitive segment. The vehicle itself is a unique convertible, with models extending at their rear! The narrow segment is notorious for it narrow margins and difficulties for branding.

THREATSProduct recalls are always a problem for vehicle manufacturers. In 2005 the company had to recall 880,00 sports utility vehicles and pick up trucks due to faulty front suspension systems. Toyota did not give details of how much the recall would cost. The majority of affected vehicles were sold in the US, while the rest were sold in Japan, Europe and Australia.

As with any car manufacturer, Toyota faces tremendous competitive rivalry in the car market. Competition is increasing almost daily, with new entrants coming into the market from China, South Korea and new plants in Eastern Europe. The company is also exposed to any movement in the price of raw materials such as rubber, steel and fuel.

1.5 COMPETITVE S.W.O.T ANALYSIS

STRENGTHIn an era when owning a car was a distant dream for a vast majority of Indians, MUL rolled out its first car, the M800. The company labeled it a people's car, with a 796cc 3-cylinder engine that delivered 39.5bhp at an affordable price of Rs. 65,000. The first vehicle was released for sale in December 1983. Initially, the car was criticized for its diminutive size, but it proved to be spacious enough to carry four adults. Better technology and an affordable price due to a higher level of indigenization helped MUL achieve a dominant position in the Indian passenger car marketWEAKNESS

MARUTI SUZUKIs biggest weakness, is the lack of product design capability. In the coming years, they should focus on acquiring product design and lean production know-how (as the Korean firms did in the eighties and early nineties. Also the Research and developments headquarters for engine development of Maruti Suzuki are in Japan which is a major weak point. Maruti Suzuki also needs to invest in capacity and research and development in India to stay abreast of competition.

THREATM800 had ruled the passenger car market as the only car in the entry-level segment in the Indian automobile industry and was now facing the danger of cannibalization from one of its own family members, AltoFor the first few months of 2004, M800 performed well, selling 15,301 units in January, 13,518 units in February and 15,540 in March. But gradually Alto, another MUL product, began eating into M800's share. Alto reported sales of 8,399 units, 8,324 and 9,011 units in January, February and March respectively. In April, its sales increased to 9,350 units and in May 2004, Alto took over M800's position as the largest selling car with sale of 10,373 units, slightly over M800's sales of 10,016 units. Analysts felt that Alto had taken the top spot because of its price reduction in September 2003 by Rs. 23,000 followed by the launch of the non-AC Alto for Rs. 0.23 mn in the first week of April 2004.CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 SIGNIFICANCE

Toyota's believes in putting the customer first and aims to provide the best levels of customer satisfaction as its main marketing strategy. Their dealers have also worked hard to provide their high levels of customer support."

"In the last one year, Toyota has taken many initiatives, which has made Innova the most successful product. Innova has successfully become a category creator.

We will continue to meet the ever-challenging customer expectations and will come out with innovative marketing strategies.

With a change of guard at Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd., the company has evolved a new strategy to capture 15 per cent market share in the Indian automotive segment. Effective from January 1, Atsushi Toyoshima has been appointed Managing Director of the company, replacing Sachio Yamazaki. "Competition is intense in the Indian market for domestic and foreign companies. The Indian market is important for Toyota with potential to aid its growth strategy," Yoshio Ishizaka, Executive Vice-President, Toyota Motor Corporation, said.

According to analysts, the Indian market would touch annual sales of 1.2 million units by 2005. Last year, Toyota sold 3.8 million units overseas, manufacturing six million vehicles at 56 plants in 25 countries. In India, the Toyota Quails notched sales of 25,000 units since its launch last year, he said. Toyota's strategy to corner a significant chunk of the Indian market involves "superior product offering and dedicated technology". In this context, the change of leadership in Toyota's Indian division is important, indicating a more important role for the company's manufacturing base in Bangalore.

"Bangalore is an ideal location to meet all of Toyota's needs, including auto components," Mr. Toyoshima said

According to the managing director of Toyota Kirloskar Motor, Atsushi Toyoshima, the decision to introduce Innova here (India) was based on three factors. First, over the last five years, the C- segment (between Rs 5 lakh to Rs 10 lakh) of the car market has grown by 20 per cent every year. The multi utility vehicle segment has also grown at double-digit levels. Second, with an improving lifestyle and better roads, the Indian consumer wants to take his vehicle for long drives with friends and family. Third, there is a latent desire of customers, including those owning MPVs, to seek attributes like greater interior space and overloading ability, while passenger car buyers look for better styling and improved riding comfort. Innova brings together the space and fuel economy of an MPV with the style, agility and power of a sedan. Toyota Kirloskar Motor has described it as the first three-row seating passenger car in the Indian market2.2 MANAGERIAL USEFULLNESS

The marketing department can use this study to enhance their marketing strategies for better sales. This report helps the marketing department in taking decisions to what change in distribution channels and what should be done so that marketing problem could be sorted out and how to sell their range of product in the competitive market.

The very essence of every project related to marketing is providing a view to management for chalk out the organization, so that they can maintain a viable fit between the organizational objectives, skills and resources and its changing market opportunities. also give a proper shape to company's target profit and growth. it provides feedback to the organization about their sales, sales schemes and what impact does it has on the dealers and consumers. every market research provides useful suggestions to the organization. marketing research helps the firm in every component of the total marketing task. it helps the firm acquire a better understanding of the buyer, the competition and the marketing environment. it also aids the formulation of the marketing mix. product. distribution and pricing needs. it also helps in taking the information of competitor's strategies and their impact on the buyer. the study reveals the fact that may have come up during the project and these facts can either be used a opportunities in exploring and expanding the business as well as can be used as safeguard against threats by competitors to prepare an effective marketing strategy. Every market research proves useful to the organization. Marketing research helps the firm in every component of total marketing task.

2.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDYThe object of report is not only to focus on competitors but also to get the competitive position in the national as well as international market through customer satisfaction. These are as follows.

To discover and translate the needs and desire of customer into products and services so as to create the demand of the product (through planning and producing planned product).

To serve the customer through channel of distribution.

To face the keen competition.

To know about the marketing strategies used by Toyota.

To know about the marketing strategies of the competitors of Toyota.

To find out the market share of Toyota.

To know where Toyota stands as far as the BCG matrix models concerned.

2.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

These are some of the scope of the study :1. The present study can be extended to access the present marketing condition of Indian automobile sector.

2. The study can be used to design a proper product, price, place and promotional strategy for the market.

3. From the present study we can know the market share of different products and accordingly formulated strategy to enhance it.

4. The result of marketing success can be interpreted to assess the rate of employee satisfaction in various departments.

5. This study can be applied to find out an effective distribution channel to enhance the sale of various products of Toyota motors.

2.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis project depends upon the primary as well as secondary sources which are as follows.

Primary Source: Observation

Experiment

Talking with consumers,retailers and distributors.

Secondary Source:

Balance sheet of the company

Company website

SAMPLE SIZE AND AREAS COVERED

A customer-based survey was conducted in which 100 people were asked to fill the questionnaire in which 50 people belong to cities of Delhi and GURGAON.

Because it was not possible to consider each and every person of those cities or of villages so, PROBABILITY SAMPLE or RANDOM SAMPLE was taken.

STATISTICAL AND PRESENTAION TOOLSPRIMARY DATA is represented:

First classified i.e. grouped qualitatively and quantitatively according to the situation or the type of the data which was collected.

After classifying is represented in the form of tables i.e. systematically arranged in columns and rows.

Some of the data is also graphically represented in the form of Pie diagram.

Secondary data is represented:

In the form of tables.

By the way of bar graphs and subdivided bar graphS (Graphical presentation).

2.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Since the road to improvement is never ending, so this study also suffers from certain limitations. Some of them are as follows:

Because of illiteracy, it was a time consuming method in which continuous guidance was required.

Questionnaire method involves some uncertainty of response. Co-operation on the part of informants, in some cases, was difficult to presume.

It is possible that the information supplied by the informants may be incorrect. So, the study may lack accuracy.

CHAPTER 3 CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION

MARKETING

What is marketing?

There are many different definitions of marketing. Consider some of the following alternative definitions:

The all-embracing function that links the business with customer needs and wants in order to get the right product to the right place at the right timeThe achievement of corporate goals through meeting and exceeding customer needs better than the competitionThe management process that identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitablyMarketing may be defined as a set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchangesWhich definition is right? In short, they all are. They all try to embody the essence of marketing:

Marketing is about meeting the needs and wants of customers; Marketing is a business-wide function it is not something that operates alone from other business activities; Marketing is about understanding customers and finding ways to provide products or services which customers demand

To help put things into context, you may find it helpful to often refer to the following diagram which summarises the key elements of marketing and their relationships:

Figure 1.2

MARKETING CONCEPT AND ORIENTATION

It is a fundamental idea of marketing that organisations survive and prosper through meeting the needs and wants of customers. This important perspective is commonly known as the marketing concept.

The marketing concept is about matching a company's capabilities with customer wants. This matching process takes place in what is called the marketing environment.

Businesses do not undertake marketing activities alone. They face threats from competitors, and changes in the political, economic, social and technological environment. All these factors have to be taken into account as a business tries to match its capabilities with the needs and wants of its target customers.

An organisation that adopts the marketing concept accepts the needs of potential customers as the basis for its operations. Success is dependent on satisfying customer needs.

What are customer needs and wants?A need is a basic requirement that an individual wishes to satisfy.

People have basic needs for food, shelter, affection, esteem and self-development. Many of these needs are created from human biology and the nature of social relationships. Customer needs are, therefore, very broad.

Whilst customer needs are broad, customer wants are usually quite narrow.

A want is a desire for a specific product or service to satisfy the underlying need. Consider this example:

Consumers need to eat when they are hungry.What they want to eat and in what kind of environment will vary enormously. For some, eating at McDonalds satisfies the need to meet hunger. For others a microwaved ready-meal meets the need. Some consumers are never satisfied unless their food comes served with a bottle of fine Chardonnay.

Consumer wants are shaped by social and cultural forces, the media and marketing activities of businesses.

This leads onto another important concept - that of customer demand:

Consumer demand is a want for a specific product supported by an ability and willingness to pay for it.

For example, many consumers around the globe want a Mercedes. But relatively few are able and willing to buy one.

Businesses therefore have not only to make products that consumers want, but they also have to make them affordable to a sufficient number to create profitable demand.

Businesses do not create customer needs or the social status in which customer needs are influenced. It is not McDonalds that makes people hungry. However, businesses do try to influence demand by designing products and services that are

Attractive Work well Are affordable Are available

Businesses also try to communicate the relevant features of their products through advertising and other marketing promotion.

MARKETING MIXThe marketing mix is generally accepted as the use and specification of the four Ps describing the strategic position of a product in the marketplace. One version of the origins of the marketing mix starts in 1948 when James Culliton said that a marketing decision should be a result of something similar to a recipe. This version continued in 1953 when Neil Borden, in his American Marketing Association presidential address, took the recipe idea one step further and coined the term 'Marketing-Mix'. A prominent marketer, E. Jerome McCarthy, proposed a 4 P classification in 1960, which would see wide popularity. The four Ps concept is explained in most marketing textbooks and classes.

DEFINITIONAlthough some marketers[who?] have added other Ps, such as personnel and packaging, the fundamentals of marketing typically identifies the four Ps of the marketing mix as referring to:

Product -An object or a service that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with a specific volume of units. A typical example of a mass produced service is the hotel industry. A less obvious but ubiquitous mass produced service is a computer operating system. Typical examples of a mass produced objects are the motor car and the disposable razor.

Price The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. It is determined by a number of factors including market share, competition, material costs, product identity and the customer's perceived value of the product. The business may increase or decrease the price of product if other stores have the same product.

Place Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel. It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the Internet.

Promotion Promotion represents all of the communications that a marketer may use in the marketplace. Promotion has four distinct elements - advertising, public relations, word of mouth and point of sale. A certain amount of crossover occurs when promotion uses the four principal elements together, which is common in film promotion. Advertising covers any communication that is paid for, from television and cinema commercials, radio and Internet adverts through print media and billboards. One of the most notable means of promotion today is the Promotional Product, as in useful items distributed to targeted audiences with no obligation attached. This category has grown each year for the past decade while most other forms have suffered. It is the only form of advertising that targets all five senses and has the recipient thanking the giver. Public relations are where the communication is not directly paid for and includes press releases, sponsorship deals, exhibitions, conferences, seminars or trade fairs and events. Word of mouth is any apparently informal communication about the product by ordinary individuals, satisfied customers or people specifically engaged to create word of mouth momentum. Sales staff often plays an important role in word of mouth and Public Relations (see Product above).

Broadly defined, optimizing the marketing mix is the primary responsibility of marketing. By offering the product with the right combination of the four Ps marketers can improve their results and marketing effectiveness. Making small changes in the marketing mix is typically considered to be a tactical change. Making large changes in any of the four Ps can be considered strategic. For example, a large change in the price, say from $19.00 to $39.00 would be considered a strategic change in the position of the product. However a change of $131 to $130.99 would be considered a tactical change, potentially related to a promotional offer.

CRITICISMS

Peter Doyle claims that the marketing mix approach leads to unprofitable decisions because it is not grounded in financial objectives such as increasing shareholder value. According to Doyle it has never been clear what criteria to use in determining an optimum marketing mix. Objectives such as providing solutions for customers at low cost have not generated adequate profit margins. Doyle claims that developing marketing based objectives while ignoring profitability has resulted in the dot-com crash and the Japanese economic collapse. He also claims that pursuing a ROI approach while ignoring marketing objectives is just as problematic. He argues that a net present value approach maximizing shareholder value provides a "rational framework" for managing the marketing mix.

Some people claim the four Ps are too strongly oriented towards consumer markets and do not offer an appropriate model for industrial product marketing. Others claim it has too strong of a product market perspective and is not appropriate for the marketing of services.

An expanded system based on Seven Ps stresses the importance of Place, Product, Price, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical evidence

MARKET RESEARCHMarket research is for discovering what people want, need, or believe. It can also involve discovering how they act. Once that research is complete it can be used to determine how to market your specific product. MR-Anywhere is a very good platform for market research and analysis

For starting up a business there are a few things that are important:

Market information

Market information is making known the prices of the different commodities in the market, the supply and the demand. Information about the markets can be obtained in several different varieties and formats.

Examples of market information questions are:

Who are the customers?

Where are they located and how can they be contacted?

What quantity and quality do they want?

When is the best time to sell?

Market segmentation

Market segmentation is the division of the market or population into subgroups with similar motivations. Widely used bases for segmenting include geographic differences, personality differences, demographic differences, use of product differences, and psychographic differences.

Market trends

The upward or downward movements of a market, during a period of time. The market size is more difficult to estimate if you are starting with something completely new. In this case, you will have to derive the figures from the number of potential customers or customer segments. [Ilar 1998]

But besides information about the target market you also need information about your competitor, your customers, products etc. A few techniques are:

Customer analysis

Choice Modelling

Competitor analysis

Risk analysis

Product research

Advertising research

CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS

4.1PERCENTAGE OF TOYOTA OWNERS

Figure 1.3INFERENCE:

24% of the respondents were owners of Honda 76% of the respondents were owners of Toyota4.2CUSTOMER SATISFACTION RATING


83% of the Respondents were satisfied with their cars and the services of TOYOTA

However 17% of the Respondents were dissatisfied at the same time.

4.3PREFERENCES OF BUYING A NEW CAR


18% of the respondents would prefer to buy a Toyota car against its competitors.

37% of respondents preferred for Maruti.

21% and 24% respectively preferred for Hyundai & Honda.

4.4WHERE DO YOU MANAGE TO FIND INFORMATION ABOUT TOYOTA


Information through Internet and Print media accounts for more than half or 75% of the information shared with the masses. Rest 25% was shared by T.V. and Dealers for providing the information.4.5

TOYOTA CARS HAS THE MOST FUEL EFFICIENCY


78% of the respondents felt that Toyota has the most fuel efficiency.

While 22% felt it isnt the most fuel efficient.

4.6THE FEATURES OF TOYOTA AS COMPARED TO OTHER CARS

Figure 1.8

INFERENCE:

70% of the respondents felt that the features of the Toyota are good.

While 8% of respondents thought it was not so good, 10% thought it was very good and 12% felt satisfactory about the features.

4.7THE QUALITIES THAT BEST DESCRIBES TOYOTA


Toyota is best known for its design & comfort.

Then comes Handling and Fuel Efficiency.

4.8

HOW DO YOU FIND THE INTERIORS OF TOYOTA


The interiors of Toyota are very good according to 74% of the respondents.

16% said it was very good, 7% said it was satisfactory and 3% felt it was not so good.

4.9WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO IMPROVE TOYOTA ?


If Toyota is made more affordable then it would win more customers, a theory which was backed by 72% of the respondents.

15% and 13% respectively want cheaper spare parts and more service stations.

4.10

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO MAKE TOYOTA THE BEST CAR


To make it the best car in its class it should be made more futuristic which was felt by 60% of the respondents.

15% of the respondents thought it should be made more sporty.

10% wanted it to have a retro look and 15% wanted to give it a concept car look.

4.11ARE YOU HAPPY WITH THE AFTER SALES SERVICES PROVIDED BY TOYOTA


Overall 85% of the respondents were happy with the after sales service provided by Toyota.

15% were unhappy with Toyota due to poor after sales services provided by them.

CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 FINDINGS

76% of the respondents were owners of Toyota 83% of the Respondents were satisfied with their cars and the services of TOYOTA, However 17% of the Respondents were dissatisfied at the same time

18% of the respondents would prefer to buy a Toyota car against its competitors

Information through Internet and Print media accounts for more than half or 75% of the information shared with the masses. Rest 25% was shared by T.V. and Dealers for providing the information 78% of the respondents felt that Toyota has the most fuel efficiency 70% of the respondents felt that the features of the Toyota are good. While 8% of respondents thought it was not so good, 10% thought it was very good and 12% felt satisfactory about the features Toyota is best known for its design & comfort. Then comes Handling and Fuel Efficiency.

If Toyota is made more affordable then it would win more customers, a theory which was backed by 72% of the respondents.15% and 13% respectively want cheaper spare parts and more service stations.

To make it the best car in its class it should be made more futuristic which was felt by 60% of the respondents.15% of the respondents thought it should be made more sporty.10% wanted it to have a retro look and 15% wanted to give it a concept car look.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

Toyota should adopt the defensive marketing strategy because as being the second largest car producer in the international market,

Toyota must at the moment carry out a feasibility study for launching a vehicle in the domestic market where it has models like the Innova and Camry amongst others.

Toyota should conduct market survey in Indian market for quails in order to know the perception of Indian consumers.

Toyota should adopt an offensive marketing strategy for entering in the small car segment. This market is dominated by Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai in the Indian domestic auto market.

Toyota must plan out an ideal marketing producing capacity ,becaue it faces the problem of over and under capacity in case of upturn and downturn of the market.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Kotler Philips, Marketing Management: 30th Edition

Chabra T.N., Marketing management 2005

C.B. Gupta, Marketing management 2006

Magazines

Business standard Motoring May 2008 edition

Internet:

www.google.com

www.toyota .com

www.yahoo.comwww.domain-b.comwww.wikipedia.com

TYOTA2

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