Tyler S. Ralston, Ph.D.

Contact Phone available upon request. Address available upon request.

ty20663@mit.edu http://www.mit.edu/~ty20663

Current Employment

Butterfly Network, Inc. Co-founder and Team Lead of Signal Processing and Imaging Group

Guilford, CT ���12/11 –present

• Organizational leadership: Direct fast-paced, high-performing teams • Employ a distributed daily journal for high-bandwidth communication and record keeping, thus increasing IP

discovery and simplifying logistics. • Drive cross-functional alignment across technical and commercial teams to identify objectives, and achieve key

results. • $100M fund raising: Led technical coordination to build proof-of-concept prototypes, implemented risk-reduction

demonstrations for real-time visualizations in 3D, IP portfolio management, hired top-tier talent for core technological areas, advised CEO on business plan and market opportunities, facilitated integration with cloud and deep learning.

• National Press: MIT Tech Review, Wired, Forbes, World Economic Forum, Fox News, Tech Republic. • 4Catalyzer Fellow: (09/2015) Granted an honorary title and honorarium in recognition of extraordinary merits

within Butterfly Network and 4Catalyzer. The 1st and only Fellow commendation to present date. • Real-time transmission ultrasound system: (8852103, 9155521, 9033884, 9028412, 9022936, 20150247921,

20140243614, 20140180093, 20140180113, 20140180094, 20140180100, 20140180112, 20140180088, 20140180099, 20140180092, 20140180095)

• 3D ultrasound system on a semiconductor: MEMs (20140264660, 20140219062), digital and analog ASIC and FPGA for sequencing and processing (20150301165, 20150297193, 20150080724, 20140288428), end-to-end signal processing chain (20140180096, 20140180097)

• Image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound: (20140180176, 20140180177) • Coordination with Key Opinion Leaders, Key Technical Leaders and Scientific Advisory Board: Arranged the Next-

generation of Medical Imaging Workshop at Carnegie Mellon University with top-tier researchers in ultrasound, magnetic resonance, optical, x-ray and computed tomography imaging.

• Ultrasound acquisitions and reconstructions: Created and validated sequences for 2-D and 3-D imaging in various modes (B-mode, M-mode, spectral and PW- Doppler, coded-aperture, coded-waveform, harmonic imaging, and more)

• Ultrasound signal processing: MATLAB, Python, C++, and GPU: plenoptic operators, Fourier-domain and time-domain beamformers, calibrators, signal conditioners, filters, correlaters, interpolators, bounded optimizers, and more.

• 3D visualization tools: Tuvok, WebGL, Mayavi2: Real-time voxel-based rendering, 2D transfer functions, iso-surfaces, remap functions, auto-leveling, histograms, denoising, segmentations, and integration into holographic and stereo displays.

Previous Appointments

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Technical Staff/PI in Adaptive Optics & Signal/Image Processing Group

Livermore, CA ��� 11/10 –12/11

• 3D gamma ray imaging: Constructed a gamma ray imaging toolbox with metrics for automated 2D/3D shape classification using shape descriptors, e.g. orientation (PCA), shape bases (spherical harmonics), shape histograms, concavity, crinkliness, spherical extent functions, slice-oriented feature detectors, wavelets, and more.

• Radioisotope nuclide detection: Developed the radionuclide analysis toolkit, and a networked multi-sensor detector. Code and algorithm development included, Bayesian network propagation and evaluation, branch-and-bound optimization, high-energy spectral detector resampling methods, and system I/O dev.

• 3D x-ray CT micro-laminography: Image processing in computed tomography, denoising for increased SNR using wavelets, digital filtering, and contrast equalization.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Technical Staff/Program lead/PI in Aerospace Sensor Technology Group

Boston, MA ��� 4/07 –11/10

• Multi-sensor Fusion Program18,24,25,28,30 (Lead - CLASSIFIED) • Maintained DOD Air Force sponsorship and relationship with regular detailed reports and presentations. • Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar and electro-optical backprojection for 3D incoherent composite imaging. • 3D Interferometric ISAR image processing algorithms for reconstructions from multiple baselines. • Research and development of computer vision algorithms for model building from 2D and 3D imagery.

• Real-time through-wall radar imager29,31 (Co-Principal Investigator) • Successfully won award for proposal and presentation to Advanced Concepts Committee. • Built signal chain architecture and real-time signal processing subsystem (C++ & GPU). • Coordinated the designs for antenna, analog circuit, and mechanical structure. • Received National Press: CNN, BBC, FOX, ABC, NBC, MIT, Slate, Wired, Wall Street Journal, Slashdot...

• Next-generation Radar Operating System Architecture (ROSA II) for all DOD imaging radars • Engineered pulse integration routine for interpolating equally spaced angles from equally spaced times whereby

one can adjust the coherent integration by adjusting the resampling window size. • Designed modules for the second-generation real-time ROSA II which accounted for the refraction of the

atmosphere and accounted for antenna biasing for monopulse calculations. • Constructed Kalman filters for tracking, simulated scenarios of sensors for tracking space objects.

• Space Fence Performance Evaluation System50 • Multi-GPU (NVidia) computing for the propagation of satellites in orbits using SGP4 standard propagation.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Professional Program in Graphics Cards for Technical Computing

Research Experience

Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Postdoctoral Research Associate for the Optical Science Group and the Biophotonics Imaging Laboratories, at UIUC in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Urbana, IL ��� 11/06 – 3/07

Fellow/Graduate Research Assistant for Nanonelectronics & Biophotonics Laboratory 8/02 – 10/06

• Time-domain OCT system1: Optical setup for heterodyning of broadband Ti:Sa source with UHNA fiber. Designed detection and scanning with dual balanced detector and Fourier optics (RSOD), respectively. Created a digital design for a FPGA (Virtex II), which acquired data, controlled galvanometer waveforms and digitally down converted signal using a Harvard processing architecture. Programmed both a DSP (TI C6701) and a computer (C++) to calculate and display structural and Doppler images.

• Spectral-domain (SD) OCT system3,6,12: Optical design, theoretic based software acquired axial scans at 29 kHz, and dispersion and beam diffraction (ISAM8,10,12) were both corrected in real-time at 2.25 frames/sec.

• SD-optical coherence and multi-photon microscope (OCM-MPM)5,7: Designed detection optics & software. • Theory: Developed inverse scattering solutions for resolution improvements8-12. Developed hardware and software

solutions to increase processing efficiency. • Analysis: Signal analysis for resampling methods (linear, cubic-B splines, non-uniform FFTs, and prolate-spheroidal),

boundary conditions, resolution expectations, phase stability measures and corrections39. Signal conditioning (wavelets40, regularizations2,4,8-12, entropy measures2,4)

• Biological applications: Developmental biology3, neural imaging1,†, cellular matrices, cellular spectroscopic scattering7, cancer tissues3,12, and contrast agents21,22.

Teaching Experience

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Graduate Teaching Assistant ��� Teaching Assistant for Biomedical Instrumentation Lab and Digital Signal Processing

Urbana-Champaign, IL ���8/01 – 5/03

• Teaching and preparing lab, generating and grading lab reports, office hours. • Proctoring exams, teaching, office hours (140+ in section), grading homework.

Industry Experience

Battelle ��� Full-Time Employee, Electrical/Computer Engineer

Columbus, OH ���5/98 – 8/01

• ThinPrep® Imaging System (pap screener) (2001) - R&D 100 Award - Automated microscope station for analyzing and identifying cancerous cells from pap tests. Programmed automation and detection in C++, Rhapsody, and assembly.

• White blood cell classification (2000) – Microscope for pattern/image recognition of blood cells/platelets using mathematical 3-D computer vision techniques such as Optimal Infinite Impulse Response Edge Detectors, ellipse fitting by solving the generalized eigenvalues, convolutions, derating models. Programming in Matlab, C, and Matrox Imaging Library. *Earned “Key Contributor” award for this project.

• Enteral feeding pump (1999) - Embedded and computer-controlled system, micro-controller, and liquid crystal display selection, assessment, and programming.

• Neoprobe Neo2000® (radiation detector) (1998) - R&D 100 Award - Gamma ray detection console with audible surgical guidance. Programmed boot loaders and system drivers. Debugged DSP pipeline. Verified console interface.

Honors • Best Paper Award MSS Tri-services 2010 • *Key Contributor Award from Battelle for proven feasibility of

a medical microscope that differentiates white blood cell types. • †Beckman Fellowship for research on "Mapping neural activity

through optical scattering changes using real-time SD-OCT” • Newport Spectra-Physics Research Excellence Award • Milton Chang OSA Annual Meeting Travel Grant 2005 • SPIE Photonics West Travel Grant 2006 • ECE Graduate College Travel Grant 2005 & 2006

• Incubic Travel Award for Frontiers in Optics 2006 • CSX Employee Scholarship • Ohio American Legion Scholar • Golden Key National Honor Society • University of Dayton Presidential Scholarship • Dean's List • Lewis/Morgan Scholarship Recipient • NAECON Scholarship

Activities, Interests, and Memberships

• Institute of Electronics & Electrical Engineers (IEEE) ���-Computer Chair at UIUC

• Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) ���-Committee Aide for Early Career Professionals (ECPs)

• Optical Society of America (OSA) ���-President, Vice President, Treasurer, and Graduate Advisor at UIUC

• OSA Frontiers in Optics conference presider for the “Diagnostics in Microscopy” session.

• Reviewer for Journals: Optics Letters, Electronic Letters, Optics Communications, Optics Express, Journal of Biomedical Optics, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, IEEE Phased Array, and Nature Photonics

• Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) • IEEE Biomedical Engineering Society (EMBS) • Eta Kappa Nu Honorary ECE Society • Golden Key National Honor Society • Engineers Foundation of Ohio • Ohio Society of Professional Engineers • Engineers Leadership Institute • Engineers Supporting Peers • National Society of Professional Engineers • Institute of Artificial Intelligence • Reviewer for conferences: SPIE Photonics West,

OSA Frontiers in Optics, IEEE Radar Symposium

Computer Skills

Organizational: MS Project, Asana, JIRA, Confluence, Crucible, Slack Programming: Matlab/Octave, C, C++, iPython, Python, OpenCL, CUDA, Java, Verilog, VHDL (Xilinx/Altera), TMS320C6701(TI DSP ASM/C), System Generator(FPGA design & sim), Simulink(model based control, comm, DSP

system-level design), Matrox Imaging Library, HTML, assembly languages (Spim/MIPS, IBM 370, DSP), WinBatch(scripting), Visual Basic, Mathematica, Maple, OCAML, Prolog, TI-92 (CAS), LaTeX, Rhapsody, Intel Math Kernel Library, OpenSceneGraph, OpenCV, k-wave, Field II Software: LabView, Code Composer Studio (TI DSP), Quartus, Questa, Xilinx ISE 5.1i, Vivado, ModelSim SE (VHDL sim), LogiCore, Pspice(electronics sim), Scanalytics (image processing), AutoCAD/Autodesk, SketchUp, Visio, PhotoShop/Framemaker/Premiere, MS Office, Repositories: Github, Mercurial, SVN, CVS, Rendering: Enthought VTK, Mayavi2, Amira, Slicer Dicer, ImageVis3D, Tuvok, Seg3D, WebGL, Osirix, ImageJ Operating Systems: DOS, Windows (8/7/Vista/ME/2000/NT/XP/Server), MacOS X, iOS, Linux (Red Hat/Fedora/Ubuntu/Debian), Unix, VAX, Sun Solaris.

Education University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), M.S., Ph.D. Urbana-Champaign, IL Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), M.S., Ph.D. 8/01 – 10/06

Ph.D. Dissertation:

Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.” Open to public, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. Preliminary Examination: December 19, 2005. Final Defense: September 20, 2006.

• $1.3M raised for a startup to commercialize my Ph.D. thesis technology (Diagnostic Photonics). • Ph.D. qualifying exam: (controls, signal processing, logic, computer architecture, acoustics, bioengineering, data structures

and algorithms, electromagnetics, analog circuits, solid state, probability, and electro-mechanical devices) • Designed, tested, and debugged broad-bandwidth interferometric optical systems (hardware and software).

Masters Thesis: Ralston TS, “A real-time optical coherence tomography system utilizing an acquisition and signal processing architecture implemented on a field programmable gate array”

University of Dayton, B.S. Dayton, OH Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering 8/96 – 12/00

Grants OSA Activity Grant, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (2005). Grant application for “Photons After Dark,” a weekly

interdepartmental graduate student seminar series in optical science. OSA Annual Meeting, Milton-Chang travel grant. (2005) SPIE Photonics West, conference travel grant. (2006) ECE Graduate College, conference travel grant. (2005) OSA Frontiers in Optics, Incubic travel grant. (2006) UIUC Graduate College, conference travel grant. (2006) Beckman Fellowship Grant, salary and travel grant. National Health Institute, R21 phase grant contribution, “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Diagnostic Photonics $1.3M raised to commercialize my Ph.D. dissertation technology MIT Lincoln Laboratory ACC & NTI, $1M raised for real-time through-wall radar system

Scientific Contributions

Author and/or co-author of 36 Patents, 50 Papers with 1300+ citations, 3 Book chapter contributions. 42 presentations at international conferences, and 18 invited presentations. Work covered by the press media in numerous articles.

Patents:

* patents.justia.com 1. Architecture of Single Substrate Ultrasonic Imaging Devices, Related Apparatuses, and Methods Application number: 20150301165 Abstract: Aspects of the technology described herein relate to ultrasound device circuitry as may form part of a single substrate ultrasound device having integrated ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasound device circuitry may facilitate the generation of ultrasound waveforms in a manner that is power- and data-efficient. Type: Application Filed: April 17, 2015 Issued: October 22, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Andrew J. Casper 2. Ultrasonic Imaging Compression Methods and Apparatus Application number: 20150297193 Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and an output data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as a digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. The on-chip digitization of received signals also enables the on-chip integration of ultrasound processing and/or pre-processing to reduce the burden on off-chip computing. Data compression architectures are disclosed to facilitate the transfer of data off-chip as a digital data stream in accordance with the bandwidth requirements of standard commercially-available output interfaces. Type: Application Filed: April 17, 2015 Issued: October 22, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Andrew J. Casper 3. Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 9155521 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Grant Filed: February 27, 2014

Issued: October 13, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 4. Image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 9149255 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Grant Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: October 6, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 5. COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME Application number: 20150251896 Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices. Type: Application Filed: May 13, 2015 Issued: September 10, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 6. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20150247921 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: May 13, 2015 Issued: September 3, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 7. Microfabricated ultrasonic transducers and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 9067779 Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature. Type: Grant Filed: March 2, 2015 Issued: June 30, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez 8. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers and methods for forming the same Patent number: 9061318 Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices. Type: Grant Filed: December 5, 2014 Issued: June 23, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 9. Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 9033884 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Grant Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: May 19, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 10. Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 9028412 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive

ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Grant Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: May 12, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 11. Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 9022936 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Grant Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: May 5, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 12. COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME Application number: 20150084053 Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices. Type: Application Filed: December 5, 2014 Issued: March 26, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 13. MONOLITHIC ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS Application number: 20150087977 Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein. Type: Application Filed: December 5, 2014 Issued: March 26, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 14. INTERCONNECTABLE ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER PROBES AND RELATED METHODS AND APPARATUS Application number: 20150080724 Abstract: Ultrasound devices and methods are described, including a repeatable ultrasound transducer probe having ultrasonic transducers and corresponding circuitry. The repeatable ultrasound transducer probe may be used individually or coupled with other instances of the repeatable ultrasound transducer probe to create a desired ultrasound device. The ultrasound devices may optionally be connected to various types of external devices to provide additional processing and image rendering functionality. Type: Application Filed: December 5, 2014 Issued: March 19, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat, Gregory Corteville 15. INTERCONNECTABLE ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER PROBES AND RELATED METHODS AND APPARATUS Application number: 20150032002 Abstract: Ultrasound devices and methods are described, including a repeatable ultrasound transducer probe having ultrasonic transducers and corresponding circuitry. The repeatable ultrasound transducer probe may be used individually or coupled with other instances of the repeatable ultrasound transducer probe to create a desired ultrasound device. The ultrasound devices may optionally be connected to various types of external devices to provide additional processing and image rendering functionality. Type: Application Filed: July 22, 2014 Issued: January 29, 2015 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat, Gregory Corteville 16. Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods Patent number: 8852103 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and

ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Grant Filed: October 17, 2012 Issued: October 7, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 17. MONOLITHIC ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS Application number: 20140288428 Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein. Type: Application Filed: March 13, 2014 Issued: September 25, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 18. COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME Application number: 20140264660 Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices. Type: Application Filed: March 13, 2014 Issued: September 18, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 19. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140243614 Abstract: Ultrasound imaging devices and heads up displays, as well and systems utilizing both are described. In some embodiments, ultrasound data or images may be displayed on a heads up display, which may be a head-mounted display. One or more users may manipulate the images. Image capture devices and sensors may also be implemented. Type: Application Filed: February 26, 2014 Issued: August 28, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez, Alexander Magary 20. CMOS ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140217478 Abstract: CMOS Ultrasonic Transducers and processes for making such devices are described. The processes may include forming cavities on a first wafer and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer. The second wafer may be processed to form a membrane for the cavities. Electrical access to the cavities may be provided. Type: Application Filed: February 4, 2014 Issued: August 7, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Kieth G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 21. CMOS ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140219062 Abstract: CMOS Ultrasonic Transducers and processes for making such devices are described. The processes may include forming cavities on a first wafer and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer. The second wafer may be processed to form a membrane for the cavities. Electrical access to the cavities may be provided. Type: Application Filed: February 4, 2014 Issued: August 7, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez 22. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180093 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 23. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Application number: 20140180113 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 24. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180094 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 25. IMAGE-GUIDED HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180177 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: BUTTERFLY NETWORK, INC. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 26. VOLUMETRIC IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180097 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 27. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180100 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 28. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180112 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: BUTTERFLY NETWORK, INC. Inventors: TYLER S. RALSTON, JONATHAN M. ROTHBERG, NEVADA J. SANCHEZ, GREGORY L. CHARVAT 29. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180088 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014

Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 30. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180099 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 31. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180092 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 32. IMAGE-GUIDED HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180176 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 33. TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180095 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 34. ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS Application number: 20140180096 Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described. Type: Application Filed: February 27, 2014 Issued: June 26, 2014 Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc. Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat 35. Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy Patent number: 7602501 Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of substantially collimated light characterized by a temporally dependent spectrum. The beam is focused in a plane characterized by a fixed displacement along the propagation axis of the beam, and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the substantially collimated source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal. A forward scattering model is derived relating measured data to structure of an object to allow solution of an inverse scattering problem based upon the interference signal so that a three-dimensional structure of the sample may be inferred in near real time. Type: Grant Filed: July 10, 2007 Issued: October 13, 2009 Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Daniel L. Marks, Paul Scott Carney, Stephen A. Boppart 36. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy Application number: 20080140341

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of substantially collimated light characterized by a temporally dependent spectrum. The beam is focused in a plane characterized by a fixed displacement along the propagation axis of the beam, and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the substantially collimated source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal. Type: Application Filed: July 10, 2007 Issued: June 12, 2008 Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Daniel L. Marks, Paul Scott Carney, Stephen A. Boppart

Book Chapters: Ralston TS, Marks DL, Ahmad A, Boppart SA. Data Analysis and Signal Post-Processing for Optical Coherence

Tomography. In Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Drexler W, Fujimoto JG, Eds., Springer Verlag, 2008/2015. Adie SG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy. In Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering, Wax AP, Backman V, Eds. McGraw-Hill, in press 2009. Adie SG, Shemonski ND, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy. In Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Drexler W, Fujimoto JG, Eds., Springer Verlag, 2008/2015.

Publications: 1. Ralston TS, “A real-time optical coherence tomography system utilizing an acquisition and signal processing architecture

implemented on a field programmable gate array,” MS Thesis in Electrical and Computer Engineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, April 29, 2004. 2. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Kamalabadi F, Boppart SA. “Deconvolution methods for mitigation of transverse blurring in optical coherence tomography.” IEEE Trans. Image Proc. Special Issue on Molecular and Cellular Bioimaging, vol.14, no. 9, September 2005. 3. Luo W, Nguyen FT, Zysk AM, Ralston TS, Brockenbrough J, Marks DL, Oldenburg AL, Boppart SA, “Optical Biopsy of Lymph Node Morphology using Optical Coherence Tomography.” Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, 4 (5), 539-547, October 2005. 4. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Speckle reduction by I-divergence regularization in optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 22, no. 11, November 2005. 5. Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Tan W, Luo W, Marks DL, and Boppart SA, "Integrated structural and functional optical imaging combining spectral-domain optical coherence and multiphoton microscopy," Applied Physics Letters, 88:053901, 1-3, (2006). 6. Luo W, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA, "Three dimensional optical coherence tomography of the embryonic murine cardiovascular system." Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 11, 021014, April 2006. 7. Xu C, Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Luo W, Tan W, Boppart SA, “Spectroscopic spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy,” Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 8, 1079-1081, April 2006. 8. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 23, no. 5, May 2006. 9. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for rotationally scanned optical coherence tomography,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 23, no. 10, Oct. 2006.

10. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for high-resolution interferometric microscopy,” Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 24, December 2006. 11. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for frequency-scanned full-field optical coherence tomography,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 24, no. 4, April 2007. 12. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy,” Nature Physics, vol. 3, pp.129-134, February, 2007. 13. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography,” Optics and Photonics News, Optics in 2006, December 2006. 14. Davis BJ, Schlachter SC, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA, Carney PS. “Non-paraxial vector-field modeling of optical coherence tomography and interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 24, no. 9, September 2007. 15. Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA, Carney PS. “Autocorrelation artifacts in optical coherence tomography and interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy,” Optics Letters, vol. 32, no. 11, June 2007. (selected for the June 15, 2007 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research) 16. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Real-time interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy.” Optics Express, vol. 16, no. 4, February 2008. 17. Chelliyil RG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “High-Speed Processing Architecture for Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 13(4), 1 (July/August 2008). 18. Ralston TS, Anderson H, Cho P, “3D Fusion of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar and Electro-optical satellite imagery.” MIT Lincoln Laboratory Project Report, May 2008. (Classified) 19. Davis BJ, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA, “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: computed imaging for scanned coherent microscopy,” (Invited Review), Sensors, Vol. 8, 2008, pp. 3903-3931. 20. Ralston TS, Adie SG, Marks DL, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA, “Real-time interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy for clinical applications.” Optics and Photonics News, Optics in 2008 (Invited), December 2008. 21. Oldenburg AL, Hansen MN, Ralston TS, Wei A, Boppart SA. “Imaging gold nanorods in excised human breast carcinoma by spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” J. Mater. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b823389f. 22. Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Liang X, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Magnetomotive nanoparticle transducers for optical rheology of viscoelastic materials.” Optics Express, 17:23114-23122, 2009.

23. Graf B, Ralston TS, Ko HJ, Boppart SA. “Detecting action potentials in single neurons based on intrinsic scattering changes in optical coherence imaging,” Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 16, pp. 13447-13457. 24. Ralston TS, Hoen EW, “3D Fusion Model Generation: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Computer Vision, Radar/EO composites.” MIT Lincoln Laboratory Project Report, May 2009. (Classified) 25. Ralston TS, Morrison RL, Hoen EW, ”3D Fusion of Radar and Optical Imagery of a Challenging Satellite,” Military Sensing Symposium National Symposium on Sensor & Data Fusion, August 2009. (Classified) 26. Ralston TS, Adie SG, Marks DL, Boppart SA, Carney PS. “Cross-validation of interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy and optical coherence tomography,” Optics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 10, May 2010. 27. Ralston TS, Charvat GL, Adie SG, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: Microscopic laser radar.” Feature of Optics and Photonics News (Invited), Optical Society of America, June 2010. 28. Morrison RL, Ralston TS, Hoen EW, “Interferometric ISAR Processing Technique for Determining the 3D Structure and Motion of Space-Borne Objects,” Military Sensing Symposium Tri-Service Radar, June 2010. (Closed) 29. Charvat GL, Ralston TS, Peabody JE, “A Through Wall Real-Time MIMO Radar Sensor for use at Stand-off Ranges.” Military Sensing Symposium Tri-Service Radar, June 2010. (Closed) 30. Ralston TS, Pugh ML, Morrison RL, Hoen EW. “Towards Automated Change Detection of Satellites for Space Situational Awareness,” Military Sensing Symposium, National Symposium on Sensor & Data Fusion, July 2010. (Classified) 31. Ralston TS, Charvat GL, Peabody JE. “Real-time Through-wall Imaging Using an Ultrawideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Phased Array,” IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology, October 2010.

Proceedings

Publications: 32. Ralston TS, Mayen JA, Marks DL, Boppart SA, “Real-time digital design for an optical coherence tomography acquisition and processing system,” Proceedings of Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE) 5324, 159 (2004) at Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 23 – 29, 2004. 33. Ralston TS, Kamalabadi F, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Gaussian beam deconvolution in optical coherence tomography.” Oral presentation and paper, SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering) Photonics West: Biomedical Optics, San Jose, January 22-27, 2005. 34. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Demonstration of inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 21 – 26, 2006. 35. Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Tan W, Luo W, Marks DL, Boppart SA, “Multi-modality imaging of structure and function combining spectral-domain optical coherence and multiphoton microscopy.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 21-26, 2006.

36. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “An inverse scattering method for catheter-based optical coherence tomography” Optical Society of America Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, March 19-23, 2006. 37. Nguyen FT, Luo W, Zysk AM, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Oldenburg AL, Brockenbrough J, Boppart SA. “Three-Dimensional Visualization of Lymph Node Morphology using OCT.” Optical Society of America Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, March 19-23, 2006. 38. Boppart SA, Vinegoni C, Tan W, Luo W, Ralston TS, Marks DL. (invited) “Advances in optical imaging of dynamic three-dimensional engineered tissues” OSA Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, March 19-23, 2006. 39. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Phase stability technique for inverse scattering in optical coherence tomography.” IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Arlington, VA, April 6-9, 2006. 40. Ralston TS, Atkinson I, Kamalabadi F, Boppart SA. “Multi-dimensional denoising of real-time optical coherence tomography imaging data.” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 15-19, 2006. 41. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Real-time inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007. 42. Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Phase-resolved spectral-domain magnetomotive optical coherence tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007. 43. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “High numerical aperture full-field optical coherence tomography without scanning the focus.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007. 44. Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA, and Carney PS. “Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Vectorial Computed Imaging from Optical Coherence Tomography Data.” OSA Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Topical Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 18-20, 2007. 45. Carney PS, Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, and Boppart SA. (invited) “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.” OSA Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging Topical Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 18-20, 2007. 46. Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA, and Carney PS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Physics-based image reconstruction from optical coherence tomography data.” IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, San Antonio, TX, September 16-19, 2007. 47. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Verification of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Optics and Photonics, San Diego, CA. August 26-30, 2007. 48. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA. (invited) “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: tissue structure inferred by computed imaging techniques.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West, San Jose, CA. January 19-24, 2008. 49. Adie S, Marks DL, Nguyen FT, Ralston TS, Chaney EJ, Kotynek JG, Brokenbrough J, Oliphant UJ, Bellafiore FJ,

Rowland KM, Johnson PA, Boppart SA. “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy with a portable intraoperative optical coherence tomography system.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West, San Jose, CA. January 24-29, 2009. 25. Ralston TS, Morrison RL, Hoen EW. “3D Fusion of Radar and Optical Imagery of a Challenging Satellite” MSS – SENSIAC, NSSDF, Las Vegas, NV, August 2009.(Classified) 28. Morrison RL, Ralston TS, Hoen EW. “Interferometric ISAR Processing Technique for Determining the 3D Structure and Motion of Space-Borne Objects,” MSS TSR, Orlando, FL, June 2010. (Closed) 29. Charvat GL, Ralston TS, Peabody JE, “A Through Wall Real-Time MIMO Radar Sensor for use at Stand-off Ranges.” MSS TSR, Orlando, FL, June 2010. (Closed) 30. Ralston TS, Pugh ML, Morrison RL, Hoen EW. “Towards Automated Change Detection of Satellites for Space Situational Awareness,” MSS – SENSIAC, NSSDF, Las Vegas, NV, July 2010. (Classified) 50. Ralston TS, Chu KT. “Enhancing the Space Fence Performance Evaluation System (PES): GPGPU Computing in a Complex, Multithreaded Software System.” High Performance Embedded Computing Conference, September 2010. 31. Ralston TS, Charvat GL, Peabody JE. “Real-time Through-wall Imaging Using an Ultrawideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Phased Array” IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology, Waltham, MA, October 2010.

Presentations: 51. Mayen J, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Helical Scanning Algorithms for Optical Coherence Tomography,”

Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES), Nashville, TN, October 4, 2003. 52. Lee TM, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Real-time wavelet denoising during in vivo imaging using a digital OCT acquisition and processing system,” Chicago Universities Bioengineering Industry Consortium (CUBIC), Chicago, IL, January 29 - 30, 2004. 53. Xu C, Oldenburg AL, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Micrometer-resolution 3-D imaging of near-infrared molecular probes using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography.” Poster presentation, Frontiers of Biomedical Imaging Symposium, Urbana, IL, November 8-10, 2004. 54. Luo W, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of the murine embryo.” Poster presentation, Experimental Biology, American Association of Anatomists, San Diego, CA, April 2-6, 2005. 55. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, October 16-20, 2005. 56. Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Speckle reduction using Csiszar's I-divergence measure for optical coherence tomography.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, October 16-20, 2005. 57. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Spatially-invariant Resolution in Coherence Microscopy for In Situ Real-time Imaging.” American Physician Scientists Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 28-30, 2006. 58. Ralston TS. “Optimal k-space Reconstructions For Ranged Focused Beams.” Electrical and Computer Engineering Imaging Workshop, Allerton, IL, May 4, 2006. 59. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Innovation Leadership at Illinois: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.” Innovation Leadership Advisory Board, Urbana, IL, September 28, 2006. 60. Chelliyil RG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “A Novel Image Acquisition and Processing Architecture for a Real-Time Integrated Microscope.” Biomedical Engineering Society, Chicago, IL, October 2006. 61. Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Non-Paraxial Solution to Inverse Scattering in Optical Coherence Tomography.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Rochester, NY, October 8-12, 2006. 62. Chelliyil RG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “A Multi-Modal Real-Time Microscope for Functional Imaging of Cell Dynamics.” Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, October 19 2006. 63. Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Liang X, Ralston TS, Orescanin MB, Insana MF, Boppart SA. “Magnetomotive optical coherence elastography for measuring biomechanical properties of tissue phantoms using magnetic nanoparticles,” APS (American Physical Society) 2008 March Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 13, 2008. 64. Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Magnetomotive nanoparticles for contrast enhancement in optical coherence tomography.” 2nd Annual Nanotechnology and the Life Sciences Symposium, St. Louis, Missouri, March 30-31 2007. 65. Ralston TS, Anderson H, Cho P, Pugh ML, “3D Fusion of Electro-Optical and Radar Imagery,” Space Control Conference at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, May 2008. (Classified) 66. Ralston TS, Anderson H, Cho P, Pugh ML, “Novel methods for Fusion of Electro-Optical and Radar Imagery onto 3D Models,” Informal Seminar Series for Groups 91, 92, 93, and 95, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, June 2008. (Classified) 67. Ralston TS, Cho P, Hoen EW, Anderson H, Pugh M. “3D Model-based Fusion of ISAR and EO Satellite Imagery.” Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS), Kihei, HI. September 2008. (Classified) 68. Ralston TS, Hoen EW. “3D Fusion for Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), electro-optical (EO), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) Imagery” Division Seminar, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, November 4, 2008. (Classified) 69. Ralston TS, Hoen EW. “3D Fusion of Interferometric Radar and Electro-Optical Imagery,” MIT Lincoln Laboratory Space Control Conference May 2009. (Classified) 70. Ralston TS, Morrison RL, Hoen EW, Pugh ML, Bass CD. “Synergistic 3D Fusion of Radar and Optical Imagery for Satellite Characterization.” Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS), Kihei, HI. September 2009. (Classified) 71. Ralston TS, Pugh ML. “3D Multi-Sensor Fusion for Space Situational Awareness,” Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Workshop, Arlington VA, May 2010. 72. Ralston TS, “Change detection and localization using 3D model-based sensor fusion.” Space Control Conference 2010 at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, Closed Side Meeting, May 2010.

73. Morrison RL, Ralston TS, Hoen EW. “Interferometric ISAR Processing Technique for Determining the 3D Structure and Motion of Space-Borne Objects,” Space Control Conference, Lexington, MA, May 2010. 74. Pugh ML, Ralston TS, Morrison RL, Hoen EW. “Toward Automated Multi-Sensor Satellite Image Change Detection for Space Situational Awareness.” Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS), Kihei, HI, September 2010.

Invited

Seminars: Ralston TS. “Inverse scattering in optical coherence tomography” Photons After Dark - seminar series for optical engineering students. October 6, 2005. Ralston TS. “Gaussian beam deconvolution in optical coherence tomography.” Beckman Institute’s Nanoelectronics and Biophontonics Seminar Series. October 10, 2005. Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy – a digital signal processing perspective” Electrical and Computer Engineering Department’s Digital Signal Processing Seminar Series - ECE 590P. February 15, 2006. Ralston TS. “Phase Corrections for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Optical Society of America Student Chapter Meeting. March 30, 2006. Ralston TS. “3-D Microscopy Beyond OCT: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM)” Optoelectronics Research Centre in the Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department at University College Dublin in Ireland, May 11, 2006. Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM): 3-D Microscopy Beyond OCT” Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Aug 4, 2006. Ralston TS, Kershner RJ. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM) & Laser Tweezers Manipulation of Nanoscale Particles in Photonic Crystals” Nanohour Seminar Series at the Beckman Institute, Oct. 4, 2006. Ralston TS. “A new technique of OCT for ophthalmic imaging: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, Nov. 16, 2006. Ralston TS. “Signal maximization in OCT by scattering analysis: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Nov. 20, 2006. Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography” Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Spectroscopy Laboratory, Boston, MA, Nov. 27, 2006. Ralston TS. “Synthetic aperture techniques for optical imaging: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” MIT Lincoln Laboratories, Lexington, MA, Nov. 28, 2006. Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Inverse Scattering for Optical Coherence Tomography” University of Dayton Research Colloquium Series, Dayton, OH, Dec. 1, 2006. Ralston TS. “Real-time Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Real-time inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography” Standford University, Palo Alto, CA, Jan. 26, 2007. Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Resolving out-of-focus data in conventional coherence microscopy via the inverse scattering solution.” Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, Jan. 30, 2008. Ralston TS. “Re-Solving Microscopy: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy for real-time in vivo biomedical imaging.” Yale University, New Haven, CT, April 18, 2008. Ralston TS. “Inverse Scattering for Coherent Optical and Radar Imaging Systems.” IEEE Antennas Propagation Society, New England Chapter, Lexington, MA, May 2010. Ralston TS, Pugh ML. “3D Multi-Sensor Fusion for Space Situational Awareness,” Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Workshop, Arlington VA, May 2010. Ralston TS. “Synthetic aperture imaging for optical, radar, and gamma ray detectors” IEEE Photonics Imaging Workshop, Boston Chapter, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Boston, MA, April 13, 2011.

Press Scientific American. “Sidestepping Microscopy’s Limits: Out-of-Focus Images Made Clear, Cross-eyed microscopy

technique may diagnose tumors without biopsy.” JR Minkel, January 21, 2007. Science News. “Making a 3-D Microscope: Technique brings entire sample into focus.” PL Barry, January 27, 2007. Daily Illini. “Research uses 3-D images to see cells.” Kristen Sackley, January 30, 2007. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology News. “Out-of-Focus Images Made Clear.” Webmaster, January 22, 2007. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department News. “ECE Faculty/Staff Article to be Featured in ‘Nature Physics.’” JD McNattin, January 21, 2007. Medical Devices News, News Bureau of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute’s Research Spotlight, Inside Illinois, Resonance. “Novel Computed Imaging Technique Uses Blurry Images to Enhance View.” JE Kloeppel, 2007. MIT Lincoln Laboratory News – “Real-Time Through-Wall Imaging with Ultrawideband Radar System” June 2011. (Picked up by numerous other news outlets) MIT Technology Review – “With $100 Million, Entrepreneur Sees Path to Disrupt Medical Imaging Will ultrasound-on-a-chip make medical imaging so cheap that anyone can do it?” November 2014. Wired – “The Startup That’s Bringing AI to Ultrasounds and MRIs” November 2014 Forbes – “Rothberg Returns With Star Trek-Like Medical Device To Create Images And Cut With Sound Waves” November 2014. Forbes – 30 under 30 - Butterfly Network co-founder named science best. January 2015. Fox News – Butterfly Network advances medical technology, February 2015. Tech Republic – Butterfly Network named in top 12 companies leading the way in digital health.