Chapter FiveEnergy ResourcesSections 1 and 2

Tyler Guill and Calli Claybrook

Section 1: Natural ResourcesA natural resource is any natural substance,

organism, or energy form that living things use.

The Two Types of Resources~Renewable Resources

-A renewable resource is a natural resource that can be used and replaced over a relatively short time.

~Non-renewable Resources-A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be replaced or that can be replaced only over thousands or millions of years.

Non-renewable ResourcesCoal, petroleum, natural gas, and other types

of fossil fuels are resources that are non-renewable.

Renewable ResourcesWood, water, wind, geothermal energy, solar

energy, and many other resources are renewable.

Conserving Natural ResourcesWhether the natural resources we use are

renewable or nonrenewable, we should be careful how we use them.

We should try to use natural resources only when necessary. One way you can conserve water is by turning

off the faucet while brushing your teeth.

One way to conserve energy is to unplug your phone charger after it is

done charging.

Taking a walk instead of a drive in the car will save gas.

An important factor in conserving natural resources is recycling!

When you recycle use reuse natural resources to make them into new products. This in turn reduces the amount of natural resources that must be obtained from the Earth.

This chart shows the percentage of natural resources used in America.

Chapter 5 Section 2Fossil Fuels

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels are nonrenewable energy

resources that form the Earth’s crust over millions of years from buried remains of once-living organisms.

Liquid Fossil FuelsPetroleum, or crude oil, is an oily mixture of

flammable organic compounds from which liquid fossil fuels and other products, such as asphalt, are separated.

Among the types of fossil fuels separated from petroleum are gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oil.

Gaseous Fossil FuelsGaseous fossil fuels are classified as natural

gas.Natural gas is used for heating and

generating electricity.Some cars are fueled by liquefied natural gas

instead of gasoline.Methane is the main component of natural

gas, but other components include butane and propane.

Solid Fossil FuelsThe solid fossil fuel that humans use most is

coal.Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed underground

from buried, decomposed plant material.

Forming of Fossil FuelsAll fossil fuels form from the buried remains

of ancient organisms.Petroleum and natural gas form mainly from

microscopic sea life that die and settle as ocean sediments. Many rocks form over top of them and the fossil fuels are squeezed into permeable rocks and trapped.

Coal FormationStage 1: Peat Bacteria and fungi transform sunken swamp plants into peat.

Peat is about 60% carbon.Stage 2: Lignite Sediment buries the peat, increasing the pressure and

temperature. This gradually turns the peat into lignite, which is about 70% carbon.

Stage 3: Bituminous Coal The temperature and pressure continue to increase.

Eventually lignite turns into bituminous coal. It’s about 80% carbon.

Stage 4: Anthracite With more heat and pressure, bituminous coal eventually

turns into anthracite, which is about 90% carbon.

How Humans obtain Fossil FuelsPetroleum and natural gas are removed from

the Earth by drilling wells into rock that contains these resources

Coal is obtained either by mining deep beneath the Earth’s surface or by strip mining.

Problems with Fossil FuelsStrip mining removes soil which plants and

animals need. When coal is burned sulfur dioxide is

released which causes acid rain.When obtaining petroleum there can be oil

spills in the ocean which can ruin the marine life.

When burning petroleum products a big environmental problem is smog.

Dealing with Fossil Fuel ProblemsCarpooling and driving only when necessaryDecrease use of all fossil fuelsUse renewable energy sources (solar, wind,

and geothermal)