TX History Ch 19.1
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Transcript of TX History Ch 19.1
Chapter 19: ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Bellwork
What are some problems that Texas and the United States might
have faced at the end of the Civil War?
Emancipation• U.S. troops take
control of Texas at end of Civil War
• June 19, 1865: Gen. Gordon Granger issues proclamation freeing slaves
Gen. Gordon Granger
Emancipation
•Many freedpeople left plantations
•Formally married and searched for family
•Gathered at military posts & towns to seek work
The Freedmen’s Bureau
•Reconstruction—the process of reuniting the Southern states back into the Union
•13th Amendment—amendment to U.S. Constitution that abolished slavery
The Freedmen’s Bureau
•Freedman's Bureau—organization created by the U.S. Congress to give legal aid to former slaves
•Freedpeople had no land and few job opportunities
The Freedmen’s Bureau
•Bureau and churches established schools
•Illiteracy rate of African American dropped
The Freedmen’s Bureau
•Only a few dozen Freemen’s Bureau agents were sent to Texas
•Former Confederates used violence against freedpeople
President Johnson’s Plan
• Some wanted to punish the South
• Abraham Lincoln did not want to increase bitterness
President Lincoln & Mr. Taylor
President Johnson’s Plan
•April 1865: Lincoln assassinated
•Andrew Johnson becomes president
Andrew Johnson
President Johnson’s Plan
• Step 1: Voters in former Confederate states had to take an oath of loyalty to the United States
President Johnson’s Plan
• Step 2: High ranking Confederate officials and wealthy landowners had to apply for a pardon
President Johnson’s Plan
•Step 3: States had to form provisional governments
President Johnson’s Plan
• Step 4: States had to form new constitutions declaring secession illegal & abolishing slavery
President Johnson’s Plan
•Step 5: States had to agree not to pay any outstanding Confederate debts
President Johnson’s Plan
•Step 6: Ratify new constitutions & elect new government officials
President Johnson’s Plan
•Step 7: Ratify 13th Amendment
President Johnson’s Plan
• November 1865: Provisional Governor Andrew Hamilton calls for an election to select delegates to constitutional convention
Andrew J. Hamilton
President Johnson’s Plan
•African Americans could not vote for delegates to the constitutional convention of 1866
•Constitution completed in 2 months
President Johnson’s Plan
•African Americans did not receive equal rights:
–Suffrage—voting rights
–Could not testify in court cases involving whites
President Johnson’s Plan
• June 1866: voters approve new constitution
• James Throckmorton elected governor
James Throckmorton
President Johnson’s Plan
•Former secessionists elected to state legislature
•Legislature refused to ratify 13th amendment
The Black Codes
•Black Codes—laws passed after Reconstruction to deny African Americans’ civil rights
•Required to sign labor contracts
The Black Codes
•Arrested for not having jobs
•Violence: 1865-1868 468 freedpeople killed in Texas