TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.
-
Upload
loreen-mosley -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.
![Page 1: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
![Page 2: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PROKAYOTE• Smaller and simpler• Have cell membrane and
cytoplasm• No nuclei• Some DNA within
cytoplasm• All bacteria are
prokaryotes• They grow, reproduce,
respond to change• Some move
![Page 3: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EUKARYOTE• Vary in shape, some large • Have cell membrane and
cytoplasm• Have nuclei and many
other organelles• Some single-celled beings• Many multi-celled beings• All plants, animals, fungi,
and many microorganisms are eukaryotes
![Page 4: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cell MembraneLocation•Outer boundary of animal and protist cells. Outer edge of cytoplasm.Function•Regulates what enters and exits the cell•Supports cell structures and provides strong barrier between cell and surroundings.Construction•Lipid bilayer, also containing proteins and carbohydrates
![Page 5: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell WallLocationOuter most boundary in plant, bacteria and fungi cells
Function• Provides support and protection for the cell•Helps maintain cell shape
![Page 6: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NucleusLocation•In all cells but bacteria cells•Often most prominent structure in center of cell
Function•Controls cell processes•Stores hereditary information of DNA•Codes for protein synthesis (making of proteins most important role of cell)
![Page 7: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nuclear EnvelopeLocation•Surrounds nucleusFunction•Double membrane layer that contains pores which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus•Steady stream of RNA and other info-carrying molecules to the rest of the cell
![Page 8: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nucleolus
Location•Dark spherical mass inside the nucleus
Function•Assembly of ribosomes begin here
![Page 9: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CytoplasmLocation•Material inside the cell membrane but not including the nucleus•Contains many structures called organelles•Some cells may contain cytoskeleton
FunctionEstablishes living condition to supply and transport materials for cell activities
![Page 10: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CytoskeletonLocation•Extending from nucleus to cell membrane in some cells
Description•Made up of protein filaments called microtubules and microfilaments
Function•Helps cell maintain shape and involved in many forms of cell movement
![Page 11: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)Location•Extend from nuclear envelope to cell membraneDescriptionRough E.R. – contain ribosomesSmooth E.R. – do not contain ribosomesFunction•Transport materials•Rough E.R. modify proteins for secretion•Smooth E.R. contains enzymes that make lipids
![Page 12: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RibosomeLocation•In nucleus, cytoplasm, and Rough E.R.
Function•Produce proteins following coded instruction that come from the nucleus
![Page 13: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Golgi ApparatusLocation•Near E.R. and nucleus
Function•Stack of membranes that accept proteins produced by the rough E.R.•Contain enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins (“package proteins”)•Proteins then sent to final destinations
![Page 14: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Plant VacuoleLocation•Saclike structure in the cytoplasmDescriptionPlant cells – Single, large central vacuoleFunction •Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates•Pressure in plant vacuole aid in support of plant cell (lack of water – wilting)
![Page 15: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VacuolesLocation•Saclike structures in the cytoplasmDescriptionAnimal & Protists – Small, multiple vacuolesFunction •Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates•Remove excess water from cell (contractile vacuole)
![Page 16: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LysosomeLocation•Throughout the cytoplasm of the cell•Rare in plant cells
Function•Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins from food into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell.•Also a “cell cleaner” to break down old organelles and dead pathogens.
© 2003 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.
![Page 17: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
MitochondriaLocation•Throughout the cytoplasm•More numerous in cells that have high energy requirements.Function•Organelles that release energy in the form of ATP from stored food molecules (glucose)
Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationNote: Mitochondria contain some of their own genetic info or DNA that is essential to the function of the mitochondrion.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
![Page 18: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ChloroplastsLocation•Found in cytoplasm of plants, some protists and bacteria
Function•Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules (glucose).
PhotosynthesisNote: Chloroplasts contain some of their own genetic info or DNA that is essential to the function of the chloroplast.
![Page 19: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CentriolesLocation•Paired structures just outside the nuclear envelope in the cytoplasm•Only in animal cellsFunction•During cell division, centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus •Help organize the spindle that separate the chromosomes
![Page 20: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cilia & FlagellaLocation•Both extend from the surface of the cell
DescriptionCilia – numerous, short, hair-like projectionsFlagella- one or two, longer whip-like structures
FunctionBoth used to propel individual cells through environment
Cilia
Flagella
![Page 21: TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051417/56649f4d5503460f94c6ea1b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Cell membraneRibosomesCell wall
NucleusEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusLysosomesVacuolesMitochondriaCytoskeleton
Animal Cells Plant Cells
LysosomesCentriolesSmall vacuole
Cell membraneRibosomesNucleusEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusVacuolesMitochondriaCytoskeleton
Go to Section:
Venn Diagrams
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Large vacuoles