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![Page 1: Tutorial: IEEE CSI Business Development Workshop Recent Field Experiences in Zambia Henry Louie †, Peter Dauenhauer †† † Seattle University †† Strathclyde.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110404/56649ead5503460f94bb50d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Tutorial: IEEE CSI Business Development Workshop Recent Field Experiences in Zambia Henry Louie †, Peter Dauenhauer †† † Seattle University †† Strathclyde.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110404/56649ead5503460f94bb50d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tutorial:
IEEE CSI Business Development Workshop
Recent Field Experiences in ZambiaHenry Louie†, Peter Dauenhauer††
†Seattle University††Strathclyde University
![Page 3: Tutorial: IEEE CSI Business Development Workshop Recent Field Experiences in Zambia Henry Louie †, Peter Dauenhauer †† † Seattle University †† Strathclyde.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110404/56649ead5503460f94bb50d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OUTLINE
1. SCOPE and GOALS2. PARTNERS3. SYSTEM4. TRAINING5. REPORTING6. PRELIMINARY SURVEY RESULTS
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SCOPE and GOALS
• Technology: determine feasibility of micro wind power for sustainable energy poverty relief
• Market Assessment: survey households, existing battery charging entrepreneurs
• Relationship Building: Develop partnership with local NGO
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LOCATION• Municipality: Monze, Zambia• Village: Miyoba – 60 Households, 10 km from town (30 min drive)
Wind Turbinelocation
Monze
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NGO PARTNER: Diocese of Monze
• Office of Development Promotion– water, agriculture and animal
husbandry
• Focus on Appropriate Technology• Project support– Facilities: Rural Engineering Center– Operator identification– Project “backstop”
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OPERATOR BIOGRAPHY
• Mr. George Timba• Age 42, Family of 11• Farmer, Small electrical
system – Yr Income 13.9m ZKW =
~$2,800 USD
• Small cell phone, 12V battery charging business– Yr Income 2.8m ZKW = $560
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Micro Wind Power
TECHNOLOGY INSTALLATION TRAINING REPORTING
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SYSTEM
Air Breeze 40160W12VDCMicrocontroller
Pre-ExistingNo Nameplate10W (est)
Ecco12VDCVRLA28Ah
Custom MadeAnalog Voltmeter, AmmeterBrake SwitchFuseDisconnect Switch
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SYSTEM
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Physical Layout
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INSTALLATION
• Most materials locally sourced• Three people, three days• Competencies– Basic electrical– Basic mechanical– Basic civil
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Major Component CostsComponent Cost (US Equivalent) In Monze?
Wind Turbine US$649 N
Tower Yoke, guy wires US$249 N
Conductors US$252 Y
Tower Pipe US114 Y
Battery US$90 Y
Metering US$50 N
Conduit US$13 Y
Cement US$13 Y
US$1417
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TRAINING
DMMUse
Battery Maintenance Reporting
TowerRaise/Lower
Trouble-shooting
Load Energy Use
Turbine Operation
Wind Speed Measurement
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LESSONS
• Wind turbine overdesigned for application
• Controller box needs work• Home battery kit desired• More education on battery
care/maintenance• More education on loads
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REPORTING
• Objective:–Monitor Wind Turbine Condition– Record Wind Speed data– Record Wind Turbine charging current– Record battery voltage
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REPORTING – how?
• Low(-ish) tech : Daily Log Book + Manually Submitted SMS 3 times / day
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REPORTING - measurements
0407?0900?4.2?1.2?N?11.8?100?0
Date TimeWind Speed
(Hz)
Wind Turbine Current
External Recharge
Battery Voltage
Battery Being
Charged
Solar Charging Current
3-Jul 16:30 4.8 0.9n 12.66 100 04-Jul 9:00 4.2 1.2n 11.8 100 04-Jul 14:10 4.5 1.4n 12.78 7.2 14-Jul 18:06 0 0.01n 12.4 100 05-Jul 9:29 0 0.01n 12.05 100 15-Jul 15:33 4.1 0.03n 12.42 100 15-Jul 18:55 0 0.01n 12.6 100 06-Jul 14:19 6.2 0.46n 12.62 100 16-Jul 17:36 0 0.01n 13 28 07-Jul 10:00 4.5 0.24n 13.55 28 07-Jul 17:50 0.1 0.01n 13.65 28 07-Jul 18:53 0 0n 13.66 28 08-Jul 9:28 4.5 2n 13.68 28 08-Jul 13:54 0.1 0.01n 13.68 28 0
SAMPLE SMS: 0703?1630?4.8?0.9?n?12.66?100?0
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REPORTING – In process
• Using a Cheap $13 Cell Phone
• $1 SIM card + $.10 per SMS
• Total Yearly Cost: $125 USD
• Keeps us in constant contact
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REPORTING – unusual reporting items
• Separate SMS if:– Turbine breaks for
any reason– Tower buckles– Major battery
problems– Lightning strikes– Other…
• Response:– First Line of
Defence: User Guide
– Second: contact via Skype to reporting mobile
– Third: NGO Support (Father Bert is a retired EE prof)
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REPORTING (pos vs. neg)
Strengths• Easy and cheap to
implement• Limited training
needed• Direct line of contact
with User (reasonable for pilot project)
• Primary (SMS) and backup (Log Book)
Weaknesses• Limited # of
measurements• Limited data categories• Training needed +• Users make mistakes• Not fully synchronized
data: Wind speed/Wind current
• Snapshot, not running total
• Time Consuming?
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REPORTING – Improvements for next time
• Robustness:– Synchronized data–More technical data categories (ambient
temp, tower vibration, load current, etc…)
– Additional of non-technical data: (non/)economic use of electricity
– Higher measurement frequencies– Data logging
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REPORTING – Improvements for next time
• Automation:– Integration with SMS technology– Integration with online database/analysis
• Process–More regular contact IN-PERSON– Incentivizing?–Measurements to analyze full socio-
economic impact
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RISKS
• Technology: battery, turbine, tower failures
• Reporting: intermittent, erroneous, sustainability
• Wind Resource: significantly higher/lower than expected
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SURVEY
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SURVEY(s)1: Household (HH) Pilot Survey
• Test facilitator-driven household survey in terms of – format, – questions asked,– Time required,– Relevance
• Conducted with around 10 households
2: Basic Market Survey• Answer some basic
market questions:– Prices and quality of
batteries?– Mnth/yr electricity costs
for village HH?– Costs for 12V and cell
phone charging?– Competition
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SURVEY – HH Survey components
• Personal/Demographic info• HH Occupational data + income• HH composition• HH Energy Use• HH Cell phone charging freq + cost• HH 12V battery use• HH Power Generation
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SURVEY – HH Initial results
• Devices in use at home• Daily usage• Costs for charging those devices –
equivalent to an avg $180/yr• Costs for charging cell phones (avg
$100/yr), 12V Bat. (avg $62/yr)• Household Income (avg $2,313/yr)• Incidence of PV (44%), 12V batteries
(33%)
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The Households, the Devices
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A few calculations
Miyoba village – 60 HH
• Avg estimated yearly charging costs: $180*60 = $10,800
• # of 12 V batteries: 20• # of cell phones:
Kasiya Village – 85 HH• Avg estimated yearly
charging costs: $180*85 = $15,300
• # of 12 V Batteries: 28
A potential market for renewable energy products?
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SURVEY – HH Survey criticisms
• What is purpose of the survey? • Greater quantity (currently only 10
HH)• Emphasis needed on some sort of
statistical significance• Analysis needed of various biases
and how to mitigate
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SURVEY – Basic Market Survey
• Question: –What is the cell phone and 12V battery
charging business like in Monze?
• Cell Phones: 2000 ZKW/charge = $0.40
• 12 V bat: 3000 ZKW ($0.60) for 3 hours, 4000 ZKW ($0.80) for 6 hours.
• Source: Primarily grid power
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BATTERY CHARGING, cell phone
• Cell Phone charging: villagers come into town (~2 hours each way), charge cell phones while off doing other things.
• Charging period variable, 15 min OR 6 hours – always 2,000 ZKW.
• If connected to grid, or, own a 12v battery, charging done at home
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BATTERY CHARGING, 12 v battery
• Only a couple places in town• Highly questionable charging practices:
– Home built XFMRs to step down voltage– No measurements– Overcharging definitely occurs
• Two prices– ~3 hours (regardless of initial V) for 3000 ZKW ($0.60)– ~6 hours (regardless of initial V) for 4000 ZKW ($0.80)
• Customers have very little knowledge of battery care and safe charging practices – black boxes of chems.
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BATTERY CHARGING, 12 v battery - Issac
• Charging bus. evolved from auto garage
• Most clientele are villagers, some are city dwellers who use 12v batteries during outages, and around 20% are motor vehicle charges.
• Rainy season (Mar) can be 100 batteries/day. Typical 10-30/day
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SURVEY – Approach for building a business plan
• Components will include:– Year-long wind speed data– Potential vs Actual charging– Scoping out pricing for products &
services (have some of this)– Calculating a pay-back period…–… to begin with