|1Structure Analysis

CHAPTER V

ANALYSIS OF

STRUCTURE

A. Model pengoprasian ETABS

To analyze a necessary stage of building structural load calculations, after

which a new analysis of the structure. Structural load calculations have been

done in the previous chapter, and in this chapter will discuss the structural

analysis.

For structural analysis, the authors use special software to analyze the

field of structure, namely by using ETABS Nonlinear version 9. Below are the

steps to pengoprasian ETABS Nonlinear version 9 earthquake zone 3 daktalitas

partial region.

1. Opening the program ETABS Nonlinear Version 9

a. Klick Start - All programs - Computers and Structures - ETABS

version 9 or is made by clicking on the icon ETABS version 9 2kali

available on the desktop (if the icon is on the desktop).

b. Once in the open program ETABS version 9, it will display the "Tip

of the Day" as in figure 5.1, if you want to bring up a box that each

first open the program ETABS version 9 then remove the existing

code in the box "Show Tips at Startup", then click OK to open a new

worksheet.

Figure 5.1. "Tip of the day"

1) Number of stories (number of floors) = 4

2) Typical story height (height between floors) = 3.5 m

3) Bottom Story Height (height of the ground floor) = 4.95 m

|2Structure Analysis

c. Then click New Model on the toolbar to open a new working model,

see figure 5.2. Then after exit diaolog New Model click No to

continue, see the picture 5.3.

Figure 5.2. "File Menu"

Figure 5.3. "New Model Initialization"

2. Determining the Geometry Structure

a. After you click No in the dialog box before the New Model

Initialization dialog box will appear Building Plan Grid System and

Story Data Definition. After that, enter the data as follows:

|3Structure Analysis

Once inserted the data - the data, click Custome Grid Spacing to edit

the grid. After clicking the Grid Spacing Custome then enter the

distance - the distance that the direction of the reference axis of the X-

axis and Y-axis unidirectional For Grid Display box as it is, there are

two options, namely ordinates to determine the distance using the

coordinate axes, and also Spacing to determine the distance to

mengguanakan distance between axis method. After the contents of

all, click ok.

Figure 5.4. "Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition"

Figure 5.5. "Define Grid Data"

|4Structure Analysis

b. Once that stage is complete then click OK, it will display the image

axis - the axis that has been in the last input as shown in Figure 5.6.

Figure 5.6. "Model Structure"

3. Determining Material

In a building there is a constituent element of the building

, And the elements that have different characteristics - different as steel

with concrete and other materials. To determine the characteristics of the

material - the material steps - steps are as follows:

a. Click the Define menu - Material Properties, see figure 5.7.

Figure 5.7. "Material Properties"

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b. After clicking on the Material Properties dialog box will appear

Define Materials, then click concreate (because the element structure

will be made from concrete), and then click the Modify / Show

Material, see in Figure 5.8.dan Figure 5.9.

Figure 5.8. "Define Material"

Figure 5.9. "Material Property Data"

c. After filling characteristics of concrete, now filling characteristics for

steel, by clicking on the Define Materials and click Steel, then

Modify. Then fill the Material Property for reinforcing steel. See

Figure 5.10.

Fy = 410 MPa

Fu = 550 MPa

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Figure 5.10. "Material Property Data" for steel

Once done click ok.

4. Determining Dimensions Beams and Columns

After determining the characteristics of the elements strutur

concrete and steel as well, the next step is to determine the dimensions of

the beams and columns making up the structure, the steps - steps are as

follows:

a. Click the Define menu, then Farme section. As in Figure 5.11.

Figure 5.11. "Menu Define Frame Properties"

b. In the Define Frame Properties dialog box to delete all existing

properties, so as not to confuse the search for properties to be created.

Then click the Add Rectangular. Then the dialog box will appear as

shown in Figure 5.12.

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Figure 5.12. "Define Frame Properties"

c. After clicking the Add Rectangular, then fill in the data Section Name,

Materials and Dimension to plan dimensional beam or column to be

made.

Beam profile data input B1 (250 x 400 mm), refer to Figure 5.13

Figure 5.13. "Rectangular Section"

d. For beam profile Beam click on the Design Type dialog box

Reinforcement Data. Then input the data concreate Center to Rebar

Center (thick concrete cover), for the Top and Bottom filled 0,004m as

in Figure 5.14.

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Figure 5.14. "Reinforcment Data"

To determine the beam profile - another beam using step - the same

steps as steps - steps listed above.

e. For profiles column, input Sections Name, Material and column

dimensions Dimension to plan what we want. Input profile data K1

column (250 x 500 mm). See Figure 5.15.

Figure 5.15. "Rectangular Sections"

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f. Then click Reinforcment, then fill in the data as follows:

1) Desidn Type (Type Design) = Column

2) Cover to Reba Center (Blanket Concrete) = 0.004 m

3) Number of Bars in 3-dir (Total reinforcement direction of the axis 3) = 3

4) Number of Bars in 2-dir (Total reinforcement direction of axis 2) = 3

5) Bar Size (Size reinforcement) = D16

can be seen in Figure 5.16.

Figure 5.16. "Reinforcement Data"

To determine the profiles columns - other column using the step - the

same steps as steps - steps listed above.

5. Determine the dimensions of plate

Because the building has a plate for floor - floor 2,3, and 4, it should

be planned profile of the plate itself, step - step determines the plate is as

follows:

a. Click on the Define menu, then select the Wall / Slab / Deck Section.

See Figure 5.17.

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Figure 5.17. "Menu Wall / Slab / Deck Section"

b. After that, choose Define Slab / Deck section on the dialog box, then click

Add New Slab. See Figure 5.18 below.

Figure 5.18. "Define Slab / Deck section"

c. After that fill the existing data in the dialog box Wall / Slab section,

as follows:

1) Section Name (profile name) = Plat 12 mm

2) Material (Material Type) = Concreate

3) Thickness (thickness)

Membrane = 0.12 m

Bending = 0.12 m

4) Type (Type profiles) = Shell (chosen this type because

considering the shear force acting on the plate). Check the box

Thick Plate.

Look at Figure 5.19.

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Figure 5.19. "Wall / Slab Section"

6. Determining the Response Spectrum Function

Because the building is designed to be earthquake-resistant in

accordance with ISO standards then need to be planned seismic load, while

the steps - steps as follows:

a. Clicking Define on the menubar, then select Response Spectrum

Function. As in Figure 5.20 below.

Figure 5.20. "Response Spectrum Function"

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b. In the dialog box Define Response Spectrum function, click Add User

Spectrum. For the type of earthquake in Indonesia is not contained in

ETABS therefore need to be made. See Figure 5.21.

Figure 5.21. "Define Response Spectrum function"

c. Then fill period and Acceleration / Perceparan earthquake to

earthquake zone 3 (Jakarta) in the dialog box Response Spectrum

function definition. See Figure 5.22.

Figure 5.22. "Response Spectrum function Definition"

7. Determining the Working Load

To determine the load and enter the type of load acting

, Steps - steps are as follows:

a. Select the Define menu, then click Static Load Case. See pictures

5:23.

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Figure 5.23. "Define Menu Stastic Load Case"

b. Input type - the type of work load and also the type - the type in the

dialog box Define Static Load Case Names. Type - the type that the

contents are as follows:

1) Add New Load to add the type of work load.

2) Auto Lateral Load, for the selected seismic load Users coeffisient

Load and then click Modify. See Figure 5.24.

Figure 5.24. "Define Static Load Case Names"

c. In the Users dialog box definied Seismic Loading. Click the EQ-X

earthquake load, then select Modify Lateral Load (to change the

direction of the earthquake). Similarly, the EQ-Y earthquake. See

Figure 5.25 and Figure 5.26.

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Figure 5.25. "User Menu definied Seismic Loading (for direction X)"

To determine the direction of the earthquake earthquake Y see Figure 5.26.

Figure 5.26. "User Menu definied Seismic Loading (for direction Y)"

8. Determining Spectrum Earthquake (Response Spectrum Case)

a. Clicking define the menubar, then select Respone Spectrum Case. See

pictures 5:27.

Figure 5.27. "Menu Respone Spectrum Case"

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b. After clicking Respone Spectrum Spectra, then you will see a dialog

box and then click Define Respone Spectra Add New Spectrum to

make new arrangements for the data - the data that will be an

earthquake in the region in the analysis. See Figure 5.28.

Figure 5.28. "Define Respone Spectra"

c. After that fill the data in the dialog box Respone Spectrum data,

entered data is as follows:

1) Spectrum Case Name, for directions X = RSX

to the direction of Y = RSY

2) Model Combination = CQC

3) Directional Combination = SRSs

4) Input Response Spectrum

a) To fill in the X direction Function and Scale Factor in

accordance with the count U1 box loading analysis in

Chapter IV.

b) To fill in the Y direction Function and Scale Factor in

accordance with the count U2 box loading analysis in

Chapter IV.

For more details, see Figure 5.29.

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(A) (B)

Figure 5.29. (A) and (b) "Data Input Response Spectrum Case Data"

9. Combination determine Imposition

For this type of loading combinations taken from ISO earthquake, a

step input is as berikiut this combination:

a. Select define menu, then select the Load Combination. Look at Figure

5.30.

Figure 5.30. "Define Menu Load Combination"

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b. This will bring up a dialog box Define the Load Combination, then fill

in all combinations by clicking the Add New Combination in advance.

See Figure 5.31.

Figure 5.31. "Define Load Combination"

c. Enter the data - combining the data loading, while the box - the box

that the contents are as follows:

1) Load Combination Name = COMB1

2) Load Combination Type = ADD

3) Define Combination

a) Case Name, which is the name that will be used for load

combinations.

b) Scale Factor, namely the magnitude of the load ratio in a

combination.

After completing the Case Name and Scale Factor, click Add in

order to load it listed on loading the Case Name list, if you want to

change the scale factor or the Case Name of the list then click Modify.

After completion of all click OK to proceed to the next combination.

For combination - a combination of the other load using step -

the same steps, only the type and magnitude Case Name Scale Factor

different - different. See pictures 5:32.

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Figure 5.32. "Load Combination Data (Comb 1)"

10. Drawing Column

After completion of all the settings - settings, now is the stage to

describe or pairing column - the column into an area of the image. Steps -

steps are as follows:

a. Click the Draw menu, and select Draw Line Object and then choose

Create in Region at Click (plane) as shown in Figure 5.33. There is

another way of describing the columns in addition to the previous

way, ie directly clicking the icon Create in Region at Click (plane)

.Then navigate the cursor to the point of the column will be drawn,

and then click. See Figure 5.33.

Figure 5.33. "Draw the Line Object Menu - Create in Region

at Click (plane)"

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b. When finished put the column - the column planned it will appear as

Figure 5:34

Figure 5:34. Look after all the columns have been in the picture

11. Drawing Beams Beams Parent and Child

Once the drawing is complete column, the next step is to describe the

beam and joists, steps - steps to describe the beam and joists are as

follows:

a. Click the Draw Line Object, then select the Draw Lines. See Figure

5:35.

Figure 5.35a. "Menu Draw Lines"

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b. After clicking the Draw Lines, then draw the grid lines

- Existing grid as planned. See Figure 5:36.

Figure 5.35b. ETABS look after all the beams are drawn

12. Drawing Plate

Because the building using concrete plate to the floor, then it must

be planned type plate. Step - step plan of the plate is as follows:

a. Click the Draw Area Object, then select Create Areas at Click.

Then select the property for Slab. See Figure 5:36.

Figure 5:36. "Menu Draw Area at Click"

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b. Then click the part - the part that will be given plate. See pictures

5:37.

Figure 5:37. ETABS look after all the plates drawn

13. Entering Pedestal On Foundations And Basement

To set the type of pedestal is used in foundations, steps - steps are as

follows:

a. Click all Joint or Block all joint on Basement floor, and then click

Assign Joint / Point and select Restraints (support). Look at Figure

5:38.

Figure 5:38. "Assign Menu Joint / Point, Restraints"

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b. After that gives all check marks on Restraint (because it is considered

the foundation has been flops). Look at Figure 5:39.

Figure 5:39. "Assign Restraints"

Display all Joint after given restrains See Figure 5:40.

Figure 5:40. ETABS look after all restrains envisaged

14. Incorporating Load Plate

Because the building used as a floor plate, therefore there is no load

on the plate itself, the steps - steps to insert a plate is as follows:

a. Click on a plate to be inserted dead load and live load, by clicking the

Assign Shell / Area Loads, then select the uniform (due to the same

bebanya large / uniform). See Figure 5:41.

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Figure 5:41. "Assign Menu Shell / Area Loads"

b. After that will come the Uniform Surface Loads dialog box, and then

select the Load Case Name (type of load that will be included). Then

in the box Uniform Loads enter the load in accordance with the

existing analytical calculations in Chapter IV. Box - the box provided

in the Uniform Surface Loads dialog box are as follows:

1) Add Existing loads to add to the burden

2) Replace Ecisting Loads to replace the load.

3) Dellete Existing Loads to remove the burden that has been

inserted.

To be more clear See Figure 5:42. (A) and (b)

(A) (B)

5:42 Fig. (A) and (b). Input load is divided evenly for dead

load and live

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15. Load insert Wall

Load-bearing walls is a burden that must be in place in the structure,

the steps - steps are as follows:

a. Click the frame that will put the burden of the wall, and then select

Assign - Frame Line / Loads - Distributed (because the wall is load

evenly distributed). See Figure 5:43.

Figure 5:43. "Menu Frame Line / Loads - Distributed"

b. In the Frame Distributed Loads dialog box, enter the load on

Uniform Loads then click Ok. see Figure 5:44.

Figure 5:44. "Menu Frame Distributed Loads"

16. Structure Analysis

After all the settings on each element is completed, is now entering

the phase of Structural Analysis, steps - steps are as follows:

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a. Select Analyze on the menu bar, then click Set Analysis Option.

As in Figure 5:45.

Figure 5:45. "Menu Set Analysis Option"

b. In the Analysis Options dialog box, give check all the Building Active

Degrees of Freedom and also Chek on Dynamic Analysis, by ignoring

the effect of P(Deformation caused by the earthquake). When

finished click OK, as shown in Figure 5:46.

Figure 5:46. "Analysis Options"

c. Then click and select Run Analysis Analysis, as in Figure 5.47.

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Figure 5.47. "Menu Run Analysis"

d. Once done click on Run, then the image will appear as in Figure 5:48.

Figure 5:48. "Image After the click Run"

17. Featuring the work load

To check whether all the load is inserted or not, it is necessary to look

at the burden - the burden that has been incorporated into the building, the

steps - steps are as follows:

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a. Select the Display menu and then click Show Loads Frame / Line, as

in Figure 5:49.

Figure 5:49. "Menu Show Loads Frame / Line"

b. Then click OK in the dialog box Show Frame / Line Loads, seen in

Figure 5:50.

Figure 5:50. "Show Frame / Line Loads"

c. To display the seismic load select the Display menu, and select

Show Loads Joint / Point, as shown in Figure 5:51.

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Figure 5:51. "Menu Display Show Loads Joint / Point"

d. then in the dialog box Show Joint / Point Loads select Load Case

which will be seen, and then click OK. see Figure 5:52.

(A) (B)

Figure 5:52. (A), (b) Earthquake direction X and Y.

e. To display the load plate, click the Display Show Loads Shell / Area,

as in Figure 5:53.

Figure 5:53. "Menu Display Show Loads Shell / Area"

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f. then in the dialog box Show Shell / Area Loads select Load Case

which will be seen, and then click OK. see Figure 5:54.

Figure 5:54. "Show Shell / Area Loads"

Example output load - load that has been inserted.

Figure 5:55. "Load Off"

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Figure 5:56. "Load Off to plate"

Figure 5:57. "Living Expenses to plate"

Figure 5:58. "Earthquake Load X direction (EQX)"

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Figure 5:59. "Earthquake Load direction Y (Eqy)"

18. Displaying concreate Frame Design

To see whether the structure of experience Over Stress or not, should

be checked beforehand, steps - steps are as follows:

a. Click Design, and then select Concrate Frame Design, then click

Start Design / Check of Structure. Look at Figure 5.60.

Figure 5.60. "Menu Start Design / Check of Structure"

b. After the results will appear as in Figure 5.61.

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Figure 5.61. "Longitudinal Reinforcing"

19. Display ETABS

To display settings such as Dimension Lines, Grid Lines, Line

Labels, Line Section, Section and other areas - the other, the steps - steps

are as follows:

a. Click View on the Menu Bar select Set Building View Options. As

shown in Figure 5.62 and 5.63.

Figure 5.62. "Menu Set Building View Options"

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Figure 5.63. "Set Building View Options"

20. Output Display ETABS

After all already done so then ETABS program is run with the type

Case for Model is not executed. Thus produces output like the following

figure:

Figure 5.64. "3-D View Deformed Shape (Combo 1)"

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Figure 5.65. "Deformed Shape (Combo 1)"

Figure 5.66. "Axial Force Diagram (Combo 1)"

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Figure 5.67. "Shear Force Diagram 3-3 (Combo 1)"

Figure 5.68. "Moment Diagram 3-3 (Combo 1)"