EAGLEEASILY APPLICABLE GRAPHICAL LAYOUT EDITOR

Tutorial

Version 5

Schematic Layout Autorouterfor Linux Mac Windows

CadSoft Computer Inc.www.cadsoftusa.com

1st Edition

Copyright 2008 CadSoft All Rights Reserved

Ifyouhaveanyquestionspleasefeelfreetocontactus:

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Andrememberthatweofferafreehotlineforourcustomers!

Copyright2008CadSoftComputer,Inc.Allrightsreservedworldwide.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,orotherwise,withoutthepriorconsenseofCadSoft.

WindowsisaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation.LinuxisaregisteredtrademarkofLinusTorvalds.MacisaregisteredtrademarkofAppleComputerInc.

TableOfContents1WhattoexpectfromthisTutorial...............................................................6

2FeaturesofEAGLE.......................................................................................7SystemRequirements...............................................................................7ProfessionalEdition..................................................................................7General...................................................................................................7LayoutEditor..........................................................................................8SchematicEditor....................................................................................8AutorouterModule.................................................................................9

StandardEdition.......................................................................................9LightEditionorFreeware.........................................................................9

3Installation................................................................................................10Windows.................................................................................................10Linux......................................................................................................11MacOSX................................................................................................12

4IndividualEAGLESetup............................................................................13TheScriptFileeagle.scr..........................................................................13UserInterface.........................................................................................13FunctionKeys.........................................................................................13LayerColors............................................................................................14

5TheConceptoftheEAGLEUserInterface.................................................15SelectingMenuItems.............................................................................15MouseClick............................................................................................15SeveralInputAlternatives......................................................................16UseofKeyCombinations........................................................................16TheContextmenu..................................................................................16CommandandParameterInputviatheCommandLine.........................16

6ControlPanel............................................................................................19EAGLEFiles............................................................................................20BackupFiles............................................................................................20CreateEAGLEProjects............................................................................20

7LoadFileandSelectMonitorZoom...........................................................22

8SelectingLayersforDisplay......................................................................24

9SettingupGridandUnit...........................................................................25

10Wires,Circles,Arcs,Rectangles,andText...............................................26TheWIRECommand..............................................................................26ChangingLineWidth..............................................................................27ChangeObjecttoanotherLayer.............................................................28Undo/RedoFunction..............................................................................28

TheCIRCLECommand...........................................................................28TheARCCommand................................................................................29TheRECTCommand..............................................................................29TheTEXTCommand...............................................................................30SpecialTextVariables.............................................................................31

11UsingLibraries........................................................................................32TheADDCommand................................................................................32TheUSECommand................................................................................34TheINVOKECommand..........................................................................34

12DrawingaSchematic..............................................................................36Grid........................................................................................................36AddingaFrametoaSchematic..............................................................36AddingandChangingText.....................................................................36EnteringaSchematic..............................................................................38TheNETCommand..............................................................................39TheNAMECommand...........................................................................39TheLABELCommand...........................................................................39TheDELETECommand........................................................................40TheJUNCTIONCommand...................................................................40TheSHOWCommand..........................................................................40TheMOVECommand...........................................................................41HistoryFunction...................................................................................41

CompletingtheSchematic......................................................................42TheSMASHCommand.........................................................................42TheVALUECommand..........................................................................43

TheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC)............................................................44GeneratingaBoardfromaSchematic....................................................44TheBUSCommand................................................................................44

13AutomaticForward&BackAnnotation.....................................................46

14DesigningaPCBoard..............................................................................47DesigningaBoardwithoutaSchematic.................................................47DefiningBoardShape...........................................................................47PlacementGrid.....................................................................................48PlacingComponents.............................................................................48PlacingSMDPackages..........................................................................48ProvidingNames..................................................................................49ProvidingValues..................................................................................49DefiningSignals...................................................................................49DefiningNetClasses.............................................................................50

CreatingaBoardfromaSchematic........................................................50GeneratingaBoardFile........................................................................51ComponentPlacement.........................................................................51Autorouter:ABriefExample................................................................52

RoutingManually.................................................................................52BoardChanges.....................................................................................53

FurtherUsageoftheLayoutEditor.........................................................54TheDISPLAYCommand.......................................................................54TheMOVECommand...........................................................................54TheGROUPCommand.........................................................................55TheSPLITCommand............................................................................55TheCHANGECommand......................................................................56TheROUTECommand.........................................................................56TheRIPUPCommand...........................................................................56TheSHOWCommand..........................................................................57RefreshScreen.....................................................................................57Undo/RedoFunction............................................................................57InnerLayers.........................................................................................57SupplyLayers.......................................................................................57CopperPouringwiththePOLYGONCommand....................................58

15Autorouter...............................................................................................60

16DesignRuleCheck..................................................................................62

17Libraries..................................................................................................63ResistorPackage.....................................................................................63ResistorSymbol......................................................................................65ResistorDevice.......................................................................................65

18OutputofDrawingsandManufacturingData.........................................69OutputaSchematicwiththePRINTCommand......................................69GeneratingImageFilesforDocumentationPurpose...............................70GeneratingGerberDatawiththeCAMProcessor...................................70GeneratingDrillData.............................................................................70FurtherManufacturingData...................................................................71

19DataExchange........................................................................................72TheEAGLEUserLanguage.....................................................................72ScriptFilesAFlexibleInputInterface..................................................72

EAGLE 5 Tutorial

1 WhattoexpectfromthisTutorial

ThistutorialprovidesabasicintroductiontotheEAGLEPCBDesignPackage.It covers the use of the EAGLE Schematic Editor, Layout Editor, andAutorouter. This guide will leadyou through the programin the naturalorder, starting with the Schematic Editor and working through to boarddesignandautorouting.Youwillbenefitmostbygoingthroughtheentiredocument.Youshouldbefamiliarwiththeuseofthebasicfunctionsofyouroperatingsystem. Expressions like enlarge the editor window will be used withoutfurtherexplanation.Having completed this tutorial you shouldbe able to start working on aserious project. While creating your initial designs, however, you shouldfrequentlyusethehelpfunctionandtheEAGLEManualtolearnmoreaboutspecificdetails.OnlythenwillyoubeabletotakefulladvantageofEAGLE'scapabilities.Youwilllearnhowtousemostoftheprogramcommands,althoughnotallofthefeatureswhichmakeEAGLEsopowerfulandflexiblearediscussedinthisintroduction forexamplethepossibilities of theSET,SCRIPT,andRUNcommands(seehelp).BeforeyoubeginyoushouldconsulttheREADMEfileandthefileswiththeextension*.txtineagle/doc.ThedifferencesbetweenEAGLEforLinux,Mac,andWindowsareminimal.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

2 FeaturesofEAGLE

SystemRequirementsEAGLE is a powerful graphics editor for designing PCboard layouts andschematics.InordertorunEAGLEthefollowingisrequired:

Windows2000,XP,orVista, Linuxbasedonkernel2.xforIntelcomputers,libc6andX11

withaminimumcolordepthof8bpp,

MacOSXversion10.4orabove(forPowerPCorIntelcomputer), aharddiskwithaminimumof70MBytefreediscspace, aminimumgraphicsresolutionof1024x768pixels, preferablya3buttonmouse.

ProfessionalEditionGeneral

maximumdrawingarea64x64inches(about1600x1600mm) resolution1/10.000mm(0.1microns) gridinmmorinch upto255drawinglayers command(Script)files ClikeUserLanguagefordataimportandexport easylibraryediting compositionofselfdefinedlibrarieswithalreadyexisting

elementsbyDrag&Drop

easygenerationofnewpackagevariantsfromanylibrarybyDrag&Drop

freerotationofpackagevariants(0.1degreesteps) librarybrowserwithpowerfulsearchfunction

supportoftechnologyfeature(e.g.74L00,74LS00..) Easydefinitionoflabelleddrawingframes freedefinableattributes,applicableforDevicesintheLibraries

andinSchematicorLayout

integratedPDFdataexportfunction exportfunctionforgraphicfiles(BMP,TIF,PNG...) printoutsviatheOS'sprinterdriverswithprintpreview

partlistgenerationwithdatabasesupport(bom.ulp)

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

Drag&DropintheControlPanel contextmenuwithobjectspecificcommandsforallobjects,available

througharightmouseclick

propertiesofobjectscanbeaccessedandeditedviacontextmenu automaticbackupfunction

LayoutEditor fullSMDsupport supportofBlindandBuriedvias rotationofobjectsinarbitraryangles(0.1degreesteps) componentscanbelockedagainstmoving textscanbeplacedinanyorientation dynamiccalculationofsignallineswhileroutingthelayout trackscanbedrawnwithroundedcornersinanyradius miteringtosmoothwirejoints DesignRuleCheckforboardlayouts(checkse.g.overlaps,

measuresofpadsortracks)

copperpouring(groundplains) packagevariantssupport userdefinable,freeprogrammableUserLanguagetogeneratedatafor

mountingmachines,testequipments,millingmachinesoranyotherdataformat

output of manufacturing data for pen plotters, photo plotters anddrillingmachineswiththeCAMProcessor

SchematicEditor upto999sheetsperschematic iconpreviewforsheets sortingsheetswithDrag&Drop crossreferencesfornets automaticgenerationofcontactcrossreferences simplecopyingofparts replacefunctionforpartswithoutlossofconsistency

betweenschematicandlayout

OnlineForward&BackAnnotationbetweenschematicandboard automaticboardgeneration automaticgenerationofsupplysignals ElectricalRuleCheck(errorcheckintheSchematicandconsistency

checkbetweenSchematicandLayout)

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

AutorouterModule fullyintegratedintobasicprogram usesthelayout'sDesignRules changebetweenmanualandautomaticroutingatanytime ripup&retryalgorithm userdefinablestrategybycostfactors routinggriddownto0.02mm(about0.8mil) noplacementrestrictions upto16signallayers(withuserdefinablepreferreddirections) upto14supplylayers fullsupportofBlindandBuriedvias takesintoconsiderationvariousnetclasses

StandardEditionThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheStandardEdition:

Thelayoutareaisrestrictedtoamaximumof160x100mm(about6.3x3.9inches).Outsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacepackagesanddrawsignals.

Amaximumnumberof4signallayersareallowed(top,bottom,and2innerlayer).

TheSchematiccanhaveamaximumof99sheets.

LightEditionorFreewareThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheEAGLELightVersion,whichisavailableasFreeware(fortestingandevaluation):

Theboardareaisrestrictedto100x80mm(about3.9x3.2inches).Outsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacepackagesanddrawsignals.

Onlytwosignallayerscanbeused(noinnerlayers). Aschematiccanconsistofonlyonesinglesheet.

LargerLayoutandSchematicfilescanbeprintedwiththe smaller editions.TheCAMprocessorcangeneratemanufacturingdataaswell.

Itisnotpossibletocombinemodulesofdifferenteditions.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

3 Installation

WindowsEAGLEforWindowsisavailableasaselfextractingfileonCDROMorfromtheDownloadareaofCadSoft'swebsite.CDROM:PlacetheCDROMinthedrive.Afterashortdelaythesetuproutineshouldbegin.Ifthisdoesnothappen,doubleclickontheCDROMsymbolintheMyComputerfolderontheWindowsdesktop.Downloadversion:IfyouhavedownloadedtheEAGLEarchivefromourwebserver,youwillseeanicon,namedeaglewin5.0.0.exe,dependingonwhereyoudownloadeditto; probably your desktop. Doubleclick this icon and the WinZip SelfExtractorwindowwillappear.Theinstallationroutinestartswithextractingthefilesfromthearchive.ClicktheSetupbuttontobegin.Theversionnumberinthefilenamemay,dependingonthecurrentversion,differ.Now theactual installation process starts. Followthe instructions step bystep.Attheendof the installationyouwill beaskedhowyouwant to licenseEAGLE:UseLicensediskThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscase the following dialog asks you for the path to your license file(probablyonCDROM)andforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichcanbefoundonyourLicenseCertificate.RunasFreewareThismeansthatEAGLEwill be licensedas limitedLightEditionfortesting, for noncommercial use or for the purpose of generatingmanufacturingdata.Thisversionislimitedinitsuse.Don'tlicensenowpostponesthelicensingonthefirstEAGLEstart.

TheWindows Start menunowcontains in the Programs section thenewentryEAGLELayoutEditor5.0.0.Tutorialandmanualinpdffileformatarealsopartoftheinstallation.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

LinuxEAGLEforLinuxisavailableasselfextractingshellscriptwithsetupdialogonCDROMorfromtheDownloadareaofCadSoft'swebsite.YoumayinstalltheprogramasRoot/AdministratororasanormalUser.Initiatetheinstallationprocessinafilemanagerwithadoubleclickontheshellscriptfile eaglelin5.0.0.runwhichislocatedinthe LinuxdirectoryoftheEAGLECDROM.InthecaseyoudownloadedthefilefromtheInternetthisfilemaybelocatedinanyotherdirectory.Pleasecheck,ifthefileismarkedasexecutableafterdownloadingit.Ifthisisnotthecase,youcould,forexample,usethechmodcommandintheconsoletochangeitsattributes.Youcanstarttheshellscriptformtheconsole,aswell,bytyping:

/path_to_file/eagle-lin-5.0.0.runTheversionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrentlyavailableEAGLEversion.Theinstallationroutinestartswithextractingthefilesfromthearchive.Thentheactualinstallationprocessstarts.Followtheinstructionsstepbystep.AttheendyouwillbeaskedhowyouwanttolicenseEAGLE:UseLicensediskThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscase the following dialog asks you for the path to your license file(probablyonCDROM)andforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichcanbefoundonyourLicenseCertificate.RunasFreewareThismeansthatEAGLEwill be licensedas limitedLightEditionfortesting, for noncommercial use or for the purpose of generatingmanufacturingdata.Don'tlicensenowpostponesthelicensingonthefirstEAGLEstart.

TostartEAGLE,executebin/eagleintheinstallationdirectory.Tutorialandmanualinpdffileformatarealsopartoftheinstallation.TheycanbefoundinthedocdirectoryoftheEAGLEinstallation.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

MacOSXEAGLEforMacOSXisavailableasUniversalBinaryandworksonPowerPCandonIntelbasedcomputers.TheinstallationarchiveiseitheronCDROM,orisstoredanywhereonyourcomputer,ifyoudownloadeditfromCadSoft'swebsite.

CDROM:PlacetheCDROMinthedrive.Afterashortdelaythe Finder shouldshowyou the content of the CDROM.Change into the MacOSXdirectory anddoubleclick the installation archive named eagle5.0.0.pkg. The versionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrentEAGLEversion.Downloadversion:Ifyouhavedownloadedthefilefromourwebserver,youwillseeaniconthatrepresentstheEAGLEarchivenamedeaglemac5.0.0.zip,dependingonwhereyoudownloadeditto;probablyonyourdesktop.Doubleclickthisiconandthearchivewill beextractedautomatically.Anewfolder iconnamedeaglemac5.0.0.pkgwillappearontheDesktopnow.Clickitwiththemouseandtheinstallationroutinestarts.Theversionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrentEAGLEversion.Now theactual installation process starts. Followthe instructions step bystep.After finishingthe installationyouareabletostartEAGLEbyclickingtheEAGLEiconintheFinder'sApplications/EAGLEentry.WhilestartingEAGLEforthefirst time,youwill beaskedhowtolicenseEAGLE:

UseLicensediskThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscase the following dialog asks you for the path to your license file(probablyonCDROM)andforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichcanbefoundonyourLicenseCertificate.RunasFreewareThismeansthatEAGLEwill be licensedas limitedLightEditionfortesting, for noncommercial use or for the purpose of generatingmanufacturingdata.

TutorialandmanualinpdffileformatarealsopartoftheinstallationandarelocatedinthedocfolderoftheEAGLEinstallation.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

4 IndividualEAGLESetup

Apartfromthebasicinstallation,EAGLEallowstheusertocustomizecertainprogram features, such as the configuration of menus, function keys, orscreencolors.AlotofthesesettingscanbemadeintheOptionsmenuintheControlPanelorinoneoftheeditorwindows.

TheScriptFileeagle.scrIn the special command file (script file) eagle.scr preset values for theSchematic,Layout,andLibraryEditorscanbeenteredintheformofEAGLEcommands. Those who would like to use these possibilities should getacquaintedwiththeEAGLEcommandlanguage.ThesyntaxofeachEAGLEcommandisdescribedintheEAGLEhelp.

UserInterfaceTheuser interfacecanbeset individually.Clickthe Options/User interfacemenuintheControlPanel or in oneof theEditorwindows. Thetutorialpresupposesthatyouareusingthedefaultsettings.

FunctionKeysSeveralfunctionkeysarepredefinedwithdifferentcommands.Thislayoutcanbechangedbytheuseratanytime.However,operatingsystemspecifickeys(likeF1 forthehelpfunctioninWindows)mustnotberedefined.ThecurrentfunctionkeyslayoutcanbefoundinthemenuOptions/Assign.Thefollowingkeysareassignedbydefault:

Alt+BS UNDO undoactionShift+Alt+BS REDO redoaction

F2 WINDOW; redrawwindowcontentAlt+F2 WINDOWFIT; zoomtofit

F3 WINDOW2 zoominwithfactor2F4 WINDOW0.5 zoomoutwithfactor0.5F5 WINDOW(@); centercursorpositionF6 GRID; display/hidegridlinesF7 MOVE activateMOVEF8 SPLIT activateSPLITF9 UNDO undoaction

F10 REDO redoaction

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

LayerColorsThelayercolorsarefreelydefinable.Inthe Options/Set, Color tab,youcandefinecolorvalues.Youalwayshavetodefineapairofcolors:The normal color of the layer and the highlight color, which is used toemphasize anobjectwhile using theSHOWorMOVEcommand. Use theDISPLAYmenu,Changebutton,Coloritemtoassigncolorstolayers.Additional informationconcerning configurationcanbefound in thehelpfunction.SeetheitemsSET,ASSIGN,UserInterface,CHANGE,andProject.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

5 TheConceptoftheEAGLEUserInterface

Internally,EAGLEhasbeensetupinsuchaway,thatanyactionisinitiatedby a command string. Normally the user activates these commands byclickingonmenuitemsortoolbaricons.Valuesarenormallyenteredintoappropriatefields.Asanalternativeyoucanclickonanobjectwiththerightmousebuttonandselectoneoftheobjectspecificcommandsfromthecontextmenu.The knowledge of the internal command language is not necessary tosuccessfully design schematics and boards with EAGLE. However, thisconceptoffersfurtherpossibilitieswhichmakeEAGLEaveryflexibletool:Anycommand,forinstance,canbeenteredintextformatviathecommandline or can be read from a file. Furthermore, command strings can beassignedindividuallytofunctionkeys(ASSIGNcommand).Thisenablestheusere.g.toexecutecommandsequenceswithakeystrokeorafewmouseclicks(seeSCRIPTcommand).ThistutorialusesasimplifiednotationforvariousactionsinEAGLEwhichisexplainedinthefollowingexamples.

SelectingMenuItemsThecharactermeans,thatamenuselectionistobemade.Forexample

File/Savemeans:clicktheFilemenuwiththeleftmousebuttonandnextclickSave.

MouseClickActionstobecarriedoutwithaclickoftheleftmousebuttonarerepresentedwithadot.Forexample:

MOVE and F1means:clicktheMOVEcommandwiththeleftmousebuttonandthenpressthefunctionkeyF1.Actionstobecarriedoutwithadoubleclickoftheleftmousebuttonarerepresentedwithtwodots.Forexample

linear.lbrmeans:selectlinear.lbrwithadoubleclickoftheleftmousebuttonfromthemenu.

SomecommandshavespecialfunctionsincombinationwiththeShift, Ctrl,andAltkey.Pleaseseedetailedinformationinthecommandreferenceofthehelpfunction.

InthiscontextMacOSXusershavetousetheCmdkeyinsteadofCtrl!

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

SeveralInputAlternativesEAGLEcommandscanbeenteredviakeyboard,byclickingiconsorbyclickingmenuitems.Thefollowingactions,forexample,willexecutetheMOVEcommand:

Clickingtheicon ,thenontheobject

TypingMOVEinthecommandline,followedbytheEnterkey,thenclickingtheobject

TypingMOVEandtheobjectnameinthecommandline,followedbytheEnterkey,forexample:MOVE IC1

Openingthecontextmenuwitharightmouseclickontheobject,thenselectingMove

PressingthefunctionkeyF7whichisassignedtotheMOVEcommand

SelectingthemenuitemEdit/MoveInthistutorialwewillmainlyworkwiththetoolbars.Forthesakeofclaritythecommandsareshowastext:

MOVEmeans:clicktheMOVEicon

UseofKeyCombinationsThe+characterindicatesthatthefirstkeyishelddownwhilepressingthesecondkey.Forexample:

Alt+F2TheAltkeyishelddownwhilepressingF2,thenreleasebothkeys.

TheContextmenuYoumayalsoclickwiththerightmousebuttononanobjecttoopenthecontextmenuthatoffersobjectspecificcommands.FurthermorethecontextmenucontainstheentryProperties,thatallowsyoutochangetheobject'sproperties,ifapplicable.ThiswindowcanbeopenedwiththeINFOcommand,aswell.

CommandandParameterInputviatheCommandLineActionswhichneedtobeterminatedwiththeEnterkeyaresymbolizedwiththecharacter.Forexample

USE means:typeUSEandnextpresstheEnterkey.Anythingthatistobetypedexactlyasitappears,willappearinthetextasfollows:

CHANGE WIDTH 0.024

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

NormallyEAGLEdoesnotdifferentiatebetweenupperandlowercasecharacters.Thereforeyoucanentertheabovecommandas

change width 0.024 Youmayabbreviatethekeywords.Theaboveinputmaythereforebesimplifiedto

cha wid 0.024 Inthistutorial,however,thefullcommandsareused.

Thefollowingimagesshowwhichcommandsareactivatedwiththevarioustoolbar icons. Additional help is offered by the Bubble Help text whichappearsassoonasthemousecursorispositionedonaniconforacertaintime.Thistextshowsthecommandname.

Fromtoptobottom:titlewithinformationaboutEAGLEversionandedition,menubar,actiontoolbar,dynamicparametertoolbarandcoordinatesdisplaywithcommandline.Ontheleftthecommandtoolbar.TheBubbleHelptextdescribestheWIREicon.Thestatusbarbelowshowsashortdescriptionofthecurrentcommand.Thetoolbarscanbedisplayed/hiddenin the Options/User interface menu.Additionallyonehasthepossibilitytouseatextmenuinsteadoftheshowncommandtoolbar.

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TheLayoutEditorwindow

EAGLE 5 Tutorial

TheLayoutEditor displays theboardthesamewayas if holdingthe manufacturedboard in your hands. Youare looking through it from above.

Info Show Info Show

Display Mark Display Mark

Move Copy Move Copy

Mirror Rotate Mirror Rotate

Group Change Group Change

Cut Paste Cut Paste

Delete Add Delete Add

Pinswap Replace Pinswap Replace

Gateswap Lock

Name Value Name Value

Smash Miter Smash Miter

Split Invoke Split Optimize

Wire Text Route Ripup

Circle Arc Wire Text

Rect Polygon Circle Arc

Bus Net Rect Polygon

Junction Label Via Signal

Attribute Hole Attribute

Erc Errors Ratsnest Auto

Erc Drc

Errors

CommandtoolbaroftheSchematicEditor(left)andtheLayoutEditor(right)

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

6 ControlPanel

AfterstartingEAGLE,theControlPanelwillbeopened.Itallowsyoutoloadandsaveprojectsaswell astosetupcertainprogramparameters. ArightmouseclicktoanentryintheProjectsbranchofthetreeviewopensacontextmenuthatallowstostartanewproject(New/Project).ThetreeviewallowsaquicksurveyofEAGLE'slibraries.Ifyouexpandoneofthelibraryentriesinthisbranch,forexample 40xx.lbr, thecontentofthelibrarywillbeshown.SelectaDeviceorPackageentrytodisplaythepreviewofthisobjectontheright.

TheControlPaneloffersalsoanoverviewofUserLanguageprograms,Scriptfiles,andCAMjobs.Tryselectingvariousentries.Ontherightyouwillgetthereferringdescription.TheControlPanelsupportsDrag&Dropinusualmanner.ArightmouseclickonanyentryinthetreeviewopensacontextmenuthatoffersoptionslikePrint,Open,Copy,Renameetc.Thecursorkeysallowyoutonavigateefficientlywithinthetreeview.Thecursorright key expandsa branch. Cursorleft jumps back to the superiornode.HitCursorleftagaintoclosethebranch.Cursorup/downleadsyouto

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ControlPanel:Previewofthelibrarycontents

EAGLE 5 Tutorial

theprevious/nextentry.ThepathsforeachbranchofthetreeviewaresetinOptions/Directories.

EAGLEFilesThefollowingtableliststhemostimportantfiletypesthatcanbeeditedwithEAGLE:Type WindowNameBoard Layout Editor *.brdSchematic Schematic Editor *.schLibrary Library Editor *.lbrScript File Text Editor *.scrUser Language Program Text Editor *.ulpAny text file Text Editor *.*

EAGLEusesonlylowercaselettersforfileextensions!

BackupFilesEAGLEcreatesbackupdataofschematic,board,andlibraryfiles.Theywillbesavedwithmodifiedfileextensions:.brdbecomes.b#1,.schbecomes.s#1,and.lbrbecomes.l#1.Therecanbeamaximumnumberof9backupfiles.ItisalsopossibletohaveEAGLEfilessavedinacertaintimeinterval.Inthiscasethefilesgettheextensionb##,s##orl##.Thefilescanbeusedagainafterrenamingthemwiththeoriginalfileextension.AllsettingsconcerningbackupscanbedoneintheOptions/BackupmenuoftheControlPanel.

CreateEAGLEProjectsLets create a new project first. After starting the program, first the+character of the Projects path, then the +character of the entriesexamplesandtutorialinthetreeview.Thecontentsofthetutorialdirectoryappears.tutorialwiththerightmousebutton.SelecttheoptionNewProjectinthepopupmenu.NamethenewprojectMyProject,forexampleandhittheEnterkey.ThiswayyouarecreatingasubdirectoryoftutorialthatisnamedMyProject. Thisdirectoryshouldcontainall datafiles thatbelong toyourproject.Ofcourseyoumaydefineadditionalsubdirectories.To define the path where your project directories will be stored, clickOptions/DirectoriesandenteritintheProjectsfield.Arightmouseclickontheprojectentryandyoucanopennewschematics,layoutsandlibraries.Eachprojectdirectorycontainsafilenamed eagle.epfwhichstoresprojectspecificsettings,windowpositionsetc.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

Thecurrentlyactiveprojectischecked(green)intheControlPanel. Afterstartingtheprogramagaintheprevioussituationwillberestored.Thelastusedprojectandotheruserspecificsettingsaresavedinthefile~/.eaglerc(Linux,Mac)oreaglerc.usr(Windows).Beforestartingthefollowingexamples,wewanttocopythefilesdemo1.sch,demo2.sch, and demo2.brd from the tutorial directory into the directoryMyProject.Pressthe Ctrl key,clickthedesiredfileanddragittothe MyProject entry.Releasethemousebuttonnow.Repeatthisfortheotherfiles.TheCtrlkeyeffectuatesthatthefileswillbecopied,otherwisetheywouldbemovedtothetargetdirectory.Nowopentheschematicfiledemo1.schwithadoubleclick.If you end the programwith Alt+X and start it again, you will get theprevioussettingsandeditorwindows.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

7 LoadFileandSelectMonitorZoom

Now let us start doing some exercises. Start EAGLE, and wait until theControlPanelappears.Expand the entry Projects/examples/tutorial/MyProject of the tree view. IfMyProject doesnotyetexist, pleasecreate it asexplained inthepreviouschapter.Nowloadthedemo2.brdfile.Youcandothiseitherbytheentrydemo2.brd,orbyselectingthefilefromthemenu File/Open/Board.Theschematicwiththesamenamewillbeloadedalongwiththeboard.Enlargetheboardeditorwindow.

Firstclicktheicon intheactiontoolbartozoomintothedrawing.This

WINDOWcommandcanalsobeexecutedbypressingthefunctionkeyF3.Ifyou are working with a wheel mouse, you can zoom into or out of thedrawingbyturningthemousewheel.Thesettingfor Mousewheelzoom=0 inthe Options/User Interfacemenudeactivatesthisfeature.Thezoomfactorcanbesetwiththeoption Mousewheelzoom.

Clickthisicon orpressF4tozoomoutofthedrawing.

Byclickingthisicon thedrawingwillbeshowninfullsizetofityour

screen(youcanalsouseAlt+F2instead).

Clickthisicon andthenmarkarectangularareabydraggingthemouse

cursorwhiletheleftmousebuttonispressed.Thenreleasethemousebutton.Themarkedareawillnowbedisplayed.It'spossibletodefineacertainareaofthedrawingasasocalledaliasthatcanbeusedasaparameterwiththeWINDOWcommand.OpenthepopupmenuofWindowselecticonwitharightclickontheicon.SelectNew...andnamethealias.

Topanthecurrentdrawingareasimplyclickthemiddlemousebutton andmovethemouse.Thisalsoworkswhileaneditorcommandisactive, forexample,whiledrawingnetsorwires.

Ifthecursorisovertheverticalorhorizontalscrollbarandyouareworkingwithawheelmouse,youcanmovethescreenupanddownortotherightorleftbyturningthemousewheel. Duringcertainactionsitmayhappenthatobjectsinthedrawingdisappearorgetcorrupted.Inthiscaserefreshthe

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

screenbyclickingtheRedrawicon (alsoF2possible).

WINDOW LASTrestoresthepreviouslydisplayedwindowarea.TheWINDOWcommandismoreversatilethaninotherprograms:

Clickthisicon ifyouwanttoselectanewcenterwiththesamezoom

factor,markthecenterwithaclickandfinallyclickonthetrafficlighticonintheactiontoolbar.Ifyouwanttoselectanewcenterandanewzoomfactorsimultaneously,clickonthesameicon.Threemouseclickswillgiveyouthedesiredresult:thefirstclickwilldefinethenewcenterandbothlastclickswilldefinethezoomfactor.Ifthethirdpointisfurtherawayfromthefirst,theprogramwillzoomintothedrawingandviceversa.Tryittofindouthowitworks.

Further possibilities can be found on the help pages of the WINDOWcommand.Thesecanbecalledupbysimplytypinginthecommandline:

HELP WINDOW

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

8 SelectingLayersforDisplay

EAGLEDrawings contain objects in different drawing layers. In order toobtain a useful result several layers are combined for the output. Forexample,thecombinationofTop,Pad,andVialayersisusedtogenerateafilm for etching the component side of the printedcircuit board.Consequently the combination of Bottom, Pad, and Via layers is used togeneratethefilmforthesoldersideoftheboard.ThePadlayercontainsthethroughholesforthecomponentconnectionsandthevialayercontainstheviaholeswhichareneededwhenasignaltrackchangestoanotherlayer.Loadtheboarddemo2.brd(File/Open/Board)intheControlPanelorintheLayoutEditorwindowandclickinthecommandtoolbarontheiconforthe

DISPLAY command . The marked layers are currently displayed. By

clickingonthelayernumberthedisplayofeachlayercanbeswitchedonoroff.TheAllandNonebuttonsswitchonoroffalllayers.

Components on layer 1, Top, can only be moved or selected in the drawingiflayer23,tOrigins,ison.Thesameappliestocomponentson layer16,Bottom,andthelayer24,bOrigins.

ToselectacertainlayerintheDISPLAYmenuclickonthelayername.Nowyoucanusethe Change buttontomodifythelayer's propertieslikename,color,orfillstyle.Torestoretherecentlayerselection,useDISPLAY LAST .Pleaseconsultthehelppageofthe Layer commandforthemeaningofthedifferentEAGLElayers.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

9 SettingupGridandUnit

Schematicsshouldalwaysbedrawnonagridof0.1inches(2,54mm)sincethelibrariesaredefinedthisway.The grid for boards is determined by the components used and by thecomplexityoftheboard.

GridandunitaresetupbyclickingontheGRIDicon intheparameter

toolbar.ClickingwiththerightmousebuttonontheGRIDiconopensapopupmenu.ItcontainstheentryLastwhichswitchestothegridusedbefore.WithNew..youareallowedtodefinesocalledaliasesrepresentingcertaingridsettings.ThealiasnamecanbeusedasaparameterwiththeGRIDcommand.Quickswitchesfromonegridsettingtoanotherarepossiblenow.Allvaluesaregiveninthecurrentlyselectedunit. Pleaseconsult thehelppagesoftheGRIDcommandfordetailedinformation.ForallsettingsintheDesignRuleswindow(Edit/DesignRules...)onecanusevaluesinmilorinMillimetres(1mil=1/1000inch).Thedefaultunitismil.IfyouprefertoworkwithMillimetressimplyaddtheunittothevalue,forexample:

0.2mmInchMilMillimetreTablefortheMostUsualValues:

inch mil mm0,008 8 0,20320,010 10 0,25400,012 12 0,30480,016 16 0,40640,024 24 0,60960,032 32 0,81280,040 40 1,01600,050 50 1,27000,100 100 2,5400

TheGRIDdialogallowssettinganalternativegridwhichcanbeactivated bypressingtheAltkeyintheEditorwindow.

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10 Wires,Circles,Arcs,Rectangles,andText

Wires, circles, arcs, rectangles, and text are created with the WIRE ,

CIRCLE ,ARC ,RECTANGLE andTEXT commands.Onone

handtheseobjectsserveaspuredrawingelements forsymbols,packages,framesetc.,andontheotherhandtheycanperformspecialfunctions,suchasthedefinitionofrestrictedareas.Firstanewschematicfileistobecreated.ClosealloftheeditorwindowsandselectFile/New/SchematicfromtheControlPanel.Anewfilewiththename untitled.sch isnowcreated.Normallyyoushouldneversaveafilewiththenameuntitled,butshoulduseFile/Saveas...tochooseadifferentname.However,inthistutorialnofileistobesavedatall.Nowenlargetheeditorwindow.

TheWIRECommand

TheWIREcommandisusedtodrawlines.

Click the WIRE icon in the command toolbar. All parameters for thiscommandcanbesetupintheparametertoolbar.Selectlayer94, Symbols,fromthelayerselectionbox.Drawarectangularlineinthislayernow:Definethestartingpointbyaclickonthelefthandmousebutton.Movethecursor slightly up to the right and select the various bend modes in theparametertoolbar.Amongsomediagonalandorthogonalmodesyouwillfindsometodraw90arcsandfreedefinablearcs.Iftheconnectionisdisplayedinasquareangle,presstheleftmousebuttontofixitsposition.Movethecursortothestartingpointand todroptheline.Nowyoushouldseearectangularoutline.Asobservedbefore,variouswirebendstylescanbeusedbyclickingthewirebendiconsintheparametertoolbar.Moreefficientisusingtherightmousebuttonwhiledrawingawire.ActivatetheWIREcommand,startdrawingtheline,andclicktherightmousebuttonafewtimestogothroughthedifferentwirebendmodes.However,intheSchematicEditor,thethreearcmodescanbeselectedonlyintheparameter toolbar,notwiththerightmouse,asit is intheLayoutEditor.Keeping the Shift key pressed while clicking the right mouse button willinverse the selection order. Pressing the Ctrl key toggles between

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ParametersoftheWIREcommand

EAGLE 5 Tutorial

correspondingwirebends.

DonotusetheWIREcommandtodrawnetorbuslinesintheschematic. UseNETorBUSinstead!

UseROUTEandnotWIREtodissolveairwirestotracksintheLayouteditor.OtherwiseEAGLEwouldnotsetviasautomaticallywhenchanging signallayers.

IntheLayoutEditor:Ifthelines(WIREcommand)areplacedontheboardlayersTop,Bottom,orRoute2..15 EAGLEtreats themaselectrically conductingtracks. Wires arealsousedtocreateboardoutlinesinlayer20,Dimension.Let'sstartusingthiscommand.

ChangingLineWidthAslongastheWIREcommandisactive,youcanselectthelinewidthfromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbarortypeinaspecificvalue,separateforeachsegment.Tochangethelinewidthofanexistingobject,

CHANGE andapopupmenuwillopenup. WIDTH entryandafurtherpopupmenuwillshowupwherethepresentvalueismarked.

Selectthedesiredvaluebya leftmouseclick, thenclicktheobject tobechanged.TochangethelinewidthtoavaluethatisnotshowninthemenuoftheCHANGEcommand,clicktheentry...andtypeinthevalueintheChangeWidthwindow.Alternativelyusethecommandlinetotypeinthevalue,forexample:

CHANGE WIDTH 0.017 Thenclickonthewiresegmentyouwanttochangeorstartdrawinganewwire.Tochangethewirestyle CHANGEand Style.Selectthestyleand thewireyouwanttochange.

Wireproperties like Width, StyleorLayercanbealteredthroughthePropertiesentryofthecontextmenu.Select thewireinquestionbya rightmouseclicktoopenthecontextmenu.

AsanalternativeusetheINFOcommandtoopendiepropertiesdialog.

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ChangeObjecttoanotherLayerTomoveanobject,forexampleawiresegment,toanotherlayer

CHANGELAYER

Selectthetargetlayer,forexample94 Symbols,by.ThenOK,andthenontheselectedobject(s).Notethatsomeobjects,suchasbusornetlines,cannotbemovedtoanotherlayerastheyhaveaspecialmeaning.Thiscanbedonewithgroups,too:

GROUP anddrawaframearoundallobjects,then CHANGEandinthepopupmenu Layer,thenselectthelayerintheLayerlist, now holdthe Ctrl keypressedandclickwiththerightmousebuttonintothegroup

Undo/RedoFunction

OneofthemostusefulfeaturesofEAGLEistheunlimitedUndo

function.Clicktheleft iconasmanytimesasyouwant toundopreviousactions.Usetherighticontoredotheactionswhichhavebeencancelledbyundo.

TheCIRCLECommand

ToactivateCIRCLE,whichisusedtodrawacircle,

CIRCLEEAGLErequirestwomouseclickstodefineacircle.Thefirstclicksetsthecenterofthecircleandthesecondclickdefinestheradius.Placethecursoratanygridpointand.Dragthecursorseveralgridpointstotheright.Whenthecirclehasthediameteryouwant,tofixitandterminatethecommand.Thelinewidthofthecirclecanbechangedasdescribedbeforeforwires.Acirclewithlinewidth0willbefilled.Examplefordrawingacircleusingcoordinatevalues:Acirclewiththeoriginatpositionx=10andy=25andaradiusof15mmshouldbedrawn.FirstsetthegridtoMillimetre:

GRID MM Drawthecirclenow:

CIRCLE (10 25) (10 40) or

CIRCLE (10 25) (10 10) Thesecondpairofcoordinatesdescribesanylocationonthecircumference.Sovariousvaluesarepossibletodescribeonecertaincircle.

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TofindoutmoreabouttheCIRCLEcommandpress F1aslongasthecommandisactivatedortype

HELP CIRCLE To cancel a command, click the stop sign icon or activate another

command.PressingtheEsckeygenerallyunlocksanobjectfromthecursor.

TheARCCommand

ToactivatetheARCcommand,whichisusedfordrawingarcs,

ARCAnarc is definedwith three mouseclicks: thefirst clickdefines thestartpoint,thesecondthediameterandthethirdtheendpoint.Placethecursoratthedesiredstartingpointand .NowmovethecursorsomegridunitstotherightbutremainonthesameYcoordinate.Acircleappearswhichshowsthediameterofthearc.andthecirclewillbecomeanarc.Nowyoucanchangethedirectionofthearcwiththerightmousebutton.Clickseveraltimeswiththerightbuttonandyouwillseewhatismeant.Youcanalsoenlargeorminimizethearcbymovingthemouse.Afterreachingthedesiredform,tofixthearc.Theparametersflatandrounddeterminetheshapeofthearc'sends.Practicebydrawingsomearcs.UsethehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreabouttheARCcommand.

AllthiscanbedonewiththeWIREcommandaswell!

TheRECTCommand

ToactivatetheRECTcommand,usedforcreatingfilledrectangles,

RECTTo define a rectangle two mouse clicks are required: The first one willdetermineonecornerandtheseconddeterminesthepositionoftheoppositecorner.MovethecursortothepointwhereacorneroftherectangleshouldbeandMovethecursorslightlytotherightandup.Whentherectanglehasreachedthedesiredsize,tofixit.Therectangleisfilledwiththecolorofthelayerinuse.UsethehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreabouttheRECTcommand.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

TheTEXTCommand

ToactivatetheTEXTcommand,usedforplacingtext,

TEXTNowatextinputwindowopenswhereyoucantypethetext.Then OK.Placethetextwith.Acopyofthesametextisnowattachedtothecursor.Tostopplacingtext,simplyclickthenextcommandiconortheStopicon.Forplacingadifferenttext,typethetextinthecommandlineandterminateitwiththeEnterkey.Thetextshowsupatthemousecursorandyoucanplaceit.Textscontainingspacesorasemicolonhavetobeenclosedinsinglequotes,likethisone:

'This is a text'

Selectingthe Properties entryof thecontextmenuallowsyoutoalter propertieslike Size, Ratio, Font,Layer, andthe text itself.Toopenthe contextmenuclickwiththerightmousebuttononthetext'sorigin.

Alternativemethodsforchangingtextproperties:Tochangethetextfont:

CHANGEFONT

EAGLEsupportsavector,aproportional,andafixedfont.Tochangethesizeofatext:

CHANGESIZEValueinthemenu

ortypeinanydesiredvalueinthecommandline(confirmwiththe Enterkey)andlowerleftcornerofthetext.Atarotatedtextthepointoforigincanmovetoitsupperrightcorner.Atextinaschematicisalwaysdisplayedinawaythatitcanbereadfromthefrontorfromtheright.The LayoutEditor allowstodisplaytextsinanyorientation.Usethe Spinflagwhichis locatedin theparameter toolbarwhile theTEXT,MOVE,orROTATEcommandisactivetogettextsreadablefromalldirections.Tochangeatext:

CHANGETEXTatthepointoforiginofthetext

TheneditthetextandOK.Using

CHANGE

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

RATIOyouareabletochangethelinewidthinatextinrelationtotheheightoftheVectorfont(notProportionalorFixedfont).

SpecialTextVariablesIfyouplacethetext

>SHEETthisstringwillbesubstitutedwiththecurrentsheetnumber,e.g.1/1(sheetoneoftotally1).EAGLEoffers anumberofsimilar textvariables, e.g. fordate/timewhichreflect the latest change in the file (>LAST_DATE_TIME) or the drawingoutput(>PLOT_DATE_TIME).Librarypartsaredefinedwithtextvariablesforthename>NAMEandthevalue>VALUEofacomponent.Furthermoreonecanuse>PARTand>GATEforsymbols.Apart from the predefined placeholder texts, EAGLE interprets text thatbegins with the '>' character as a userdefinable, componentspecific orglobalattribute.Formore,seethehelppagesoftheATTRIBUTEcommand.

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11 UsingLibraries

EAGLEcomeswithalotoflibraryfilesthatcontainthroughholeandsurfacemount devices. The tree view in EAGLE's Control Panel offers detailedinformationaboutthecontentsofthelibraries.Inthissectionyouwilllearnhowtoinsertschematicsymbolsintoadrawingandhowtousethem.Openanewschematictostartwithablankdrawingarea:File/New/Schematic.

TheADDCommand

Toselectsymbolsfromalibrary,ADDinthecommandtoolbar,andawindowpopsup.Ontheleftsidealistofavailablelibrariesshouldappear.Each library entry can be opened by clicking the + character. Now it'scontentswillbeshown.Selectanentryandyouwillseethecorrespondingpreviewontheright.

ThecursorkeysallowyoutonavigateefficientlywithintheLibrarylist.ThecursorrightkeyexpandstheLibraryorDeviceentry.Cursorleftjumpsbacktothesuperiorentry.Hit Cursorleftasecondtimetocloseit. Cursorup/downleadsyoutotheprevious/nextentry.Ifyoutype inanyletter, thefirst entrybeginningwiththis letter will beselected.Typingmorelettersswiftlyoneaftertheother,forexamplecon,thefirstentrybeginningwithconwillbeselected.YoucanenteroneormoresearchpatternsintheSearchfield.YoumayusethenameofaDeviceoranywordoftheDevicedescription.Wildcardslike*and?areallowed.IftherearenoentriesvisibleafterusingADDforthefirsttime,nolibrarieshavebeenloaded.Inthiscase,pleasereadthefollowingchapterdealingwiththeUSEcommand.Wewanttoplace,forexample,thedevice74LS00.EnterintheSearchfield:

74*00* or 74LS00**isthewildcardofthetechnologyand/orthepackagevariant.Thesearchresultshowsthedeviceinvarioustechnologiesandpackagevariants.SelectthedesireddeviceandOK.Nowyoucanplaceitintheschematic.Placethecursorslightlytotheleft of thedisplaycenter and . Movethecursortotheright,andplaceasecondgatewiththenextmouseclick.Placefourgatesaroundthecenterofthedrawingareainthisway.Nowplaceafifthgatesomewherenearby.PleasenotethatEAGLEhasnamedthefirstfourgatesIC1A..IC1D,whereasthefifthgatehasbeennamedIC2A,sincethisgaterequiresasecondIC.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

Ifyounowshowthelayer93,Pins,eitherasdescribedbeforeorbytypingDISPLAY PINS

inthecommandline,furtherpinparametersaredisplayedingreen.Zoominonthedrawing,sothatagateisshownonalargescale.YouwillseethatthepinsaremarkedasInput(In)orOutput(Out),andthatanumbershowstheSwaplevel.A Swaplevel greater than 0 indicates that this pin can be swappedwithanotherpinofthesamedevicewhichhasthesameSwaplevelassignment(seecommandPINSWAP).ApinwithaSwaplevelof1,forexample,canbeswappedwithanyotherpinthathasaSwaplevelof1.Swaplevel0meansthatthispincannotbeswapped.

Thelayer93,Pins,isnotusuallyprinted.

AslongastheADDcommandisstillactive,agatesymbolwillbeattachedtothecursor.Nowuse theZoomin iconor the F4 key toviewa larger portionof theschematiconthedisplay.ThenpresstheEsckeytotheselectionwindowoftheADDcommand.EnterthefollowingpatternintheSearchfield:

*555N* or *555*Select,forexample,thedeviceLM555Nfromlinear.lbrwith ,rotateit180degreeswithtworightmouseclicks,andplaceitsomewhereonthedrawingareawiththeleftmousebutton.Repeatthiswithothersymbols.YouwillfindoutthatthelibrariescontainsymbolsdrawnintheEuropeanandtheAmericanway.Choosewhateveryouprefer.While theADDcommand is active, youcan return to theADDmenubypressing the Esc key. Press the Esc key again and the commandwill becancelled.Thequickestwaytoaddacomponentyoualreadyplacedinthedrawingistorightclick theADDicon.Apopupmenuopens thatcontains a list of thepreviouslyplacedcomponents.Selectoneofthemandplaceit.AnotherwaytoplacedevicesintheschematicistodragthemfromthetreeviewintheControlPanelintotheSchematicEditorwindow.Arrangethewindowsinawaythatyoucanseebothonthescreen.Select,forexample, the device LM555N from linear.lbr in the tree view (Librariesbranch).UseDrag&DroptomovethedeviceintotheSchematicEditor.Ifyouselectadevicethatsupportsmorethanonepackageortechnologyvariant,youwillbeaskedtoselectthevariantinamenubeforedroppingit.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

EAGLE,bydefault,assumesthatallactivecomponentswillbeattachedto thesamepower sourceandground.Thepower pins aretherefore not shown,andareautomaticallyconnectedtothePowerSourceandGroundwhen generating a board (unless the user connects them to othersignals).UsetheINVOKEcommandincaseyouwanttoplaceitinthe schematic.

MostoftheEAGLElibrarydevices, whichhaveonlyoneVCCandone GNDpin,aredefinedsothatthepowerpins,bydefault,arenotvisible. InsomecasesitmakessensetomakethepowerpinsinanICvisible,as inthe555Nstoredinthelinearlibrary.Insuchacaseconnectthepower pinswiththeappropriatenets.

ThehelpfunctioninEAGLEoffersinformationaboutfurtheroptionsofthecommandsADDandUPDATEconcerning the updateof library objects inschematicandlayoutwiththeirrespectivepartsofthecurrentlibraries.

TheUSECommand

ThedefaultsettingcausestheADDcommandtosearchinalllibraries

thatareavailableinthegivenlibrariesdirectories(Options/Directories intheControlPanel). Youcanexcludelibraries fromthesearchfunctionbyclickingthegreenmarkerintheControlPanel'streeview, Librariesbranch.Greenmeansinuse,graynotused.ThisisexactlythefunctionoftheUSEcommandyoucanalsotypeonthecommandline.

Forexample,thecommandUSE *

makesavailable all libraries thatcanbe foundin thegiven librarypaths.Moreaboutthiscanbefoundinthehelpfunction.

TheINVOKECommand

TheINVOKEcommandcanbeusedtoallowtheconnectionofactive

componentstoapowersourceotherthanVCCandGND.Todemonstrateitsuse

INVOKEandleftclickonthegateIC2A.Apopupmenuappears. PWRNandthepowerpinsforIC2areattachedtothecursor.Youcannowplacethemanywherewitha andconnectthemtoanynet.AnotherfeatureoftheINVOKEcommandallowsyoutoalterthesequenceofthereferencedesignatorsbeforeEAGLEautomaticallymakesanassignment.AssumingtheINVOKEcommandisstillactive, IC2A,andthepopupmenu

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

appears. Theasterisk assigned togate A indicates that thegate hasbeenused;thosewithoutanasteriskareavailableforuse.IfyouwantIC2CtobeplacedbeforeIC2B, C inthepopupmenu.Themenucloses,andIC2Cisattachedtothecursortobeplacedwitha .OnceIC2Cisplaced,EAGLEwilluseuptheremaininggatesinthatpackagebeforeassigninganadditionalpackage.Ifyouwanttoplacegatesovermorethanonesheet,usetheINVOKEcommandonthenewsheetandtypeinthepart'snameinthecommandline.Nowtheinvokemenupopsup.Don't hesitate toexperiment with different libraries andwithplacingandrotatingschematicsymbols.

YoucanplaceDevicesinadrawingfromasmanylibrariesasyouwant. DevicesaresavedintheSchematicorBoardfilesintheirentirety.When passingonafile,thereisnoneedtosupplytheLibrarieswithit.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

12 DrawingaSchematic

Inthissectionyouwilllearnhownetsandbusesareusedinadrawing.Youwillthenbeabletocreateaschematic.Tocreateanemptyschematic,openanewdrawingandenlargetheeditorwindow.

Grid

Thestandardgridforschematicsis0.1inches.Symbolsshouldbeplacedonthisgridoramultipleofit,sinceotherwiseitcanhappenthatnets cannotbeconnectedtothepins.

Setthealternativegridto0.25inch.Thiswouldallowtoadjust, for

example,labelsinafinergridwhichwillbeactivatedbypressingtheAltkey.

AddingaFrametoaSchematicAsastart,selectadrawingframefromthelibraryframes.lbr,whichcontainspredefinedframesinmiscellaneousformats.ADD,andenterthewordletterorframeinthesearchfield.Selectasuitableframeand forexampleLETTER_P.Aframewithdocumentfiledwhichfitsonaletterformatpage(portrait)isnowattachedtothecursor.Ifyoucannotseeitcompletely,pressfunctionkey F4untilitmatchesyourscreen,thenplaceitwithaclickofthelefthandmousebuttonsothatitslowerleftcornerisplacedonthecoordinates(X=0,Y=0).Nowafurtherframeisattachedtothecursor.Clicktheiconwiththestop

symbol toterminatetheADDcommand.PressAlt+F2toshowtheframe

infullsizeorclicktheZoomtofiticon intheactiontoolbar.

YoucouldalsousetheFRAMEcommand(Draw/Frame..) todrawaframebyyourself.SeethehelpfunctionaboutFRAMEfordetails.

AddingandChangingTextYoucanaddlines,textandotherobjectstopredefinedframesandtextfieldsinthelibrary.Variabletexts,e.g.theprojecttitleortherevisionnumber,canbeinserteddirectlyintheSchematicEditorwhereyouarenow.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

Framesaresavedassymbolsinthelibrary,thereforeitmakessensetowritethetextinlayer94,Symbols.Nowbringtheframetextfieldintotheeditorwindowsothatitiscompletelyvisible.NextclicktheiconfortheTEXTcommandandenterthefollowingtext

CadSoftAfterclickingtheOKbutton,thetextisattachedtothecursorandcanbeplacedwiththeleftmousebutton.Movethetextintheupperemptylineofthetextfieldandplaceitwitha .Afurthercopyofthetext, whichwilldisappearassoonasanothercommandisactivatedorthestopsigniconisclicked,isstillattachedtothecursor.IfyoudidnotdefinethesizeofthetextwhiletheTEXTcommandwasactive,youcanusetheCHANGEcommandtosetittoanothervalue:

CHANGEFromthemenuselect:

SIZEandafurtherwindowopensinwhichthepresentlyselectedtextheightisshown.

0.15andmovethecursortothelowerleftcornerofthetextCadSoft.Clicktheleftmousebuttonandthetextheightwillbechangedto0.15inches.JustincaseyouwouldliketosetasizenotpresentintheCHANGESIZEmenu,like.0.17,simplytype:

CHANGE SIZE 0.17 andthenclickthelowerleftcornerofthetext.Itisalsopossibletotypeinthevalueincombinationwithitsunit. Ifyouprefer,forexample,avalueinMillimetres(withoutchangingthegrid),typein:

CHANGE SIZE 3.5mm

Usedotsfordecimals!Thecurrentgridsettingdeterminestheunit,unless youspecifyitinthecommandline!

Propertychangescanbemadeinthecontextmenu'sPropertiesentry,as well.

Practicemanipulatingtextsbyaddinganaddressoradocumentnumberinthetextfield.TITLE: contains the file name in use (text variable >DRAWING_NAME).DATE: contains thedateof themost recent save command(text variable>LAST_DATE_TIME).Bothfieldsareautomaticallyfilledwiththeactualdatawhenthedrawingissaved,sincetheframesstoredintheframes libraryhavebeendefinedwith

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theappropriatetextvariables.

EnteringaSchematicNowletsstartdrawingaschematic.Wewillbedrawingtheschematicshowninthefollowingfigure,whichyoucanuseforreference.Ifyoudon'twanttoenter the whole schematic you can use the file demo1.sch stored in theeagle/examples/tutorialdirectory.Startbypressing Alt+F2orclickingtheZoomtofiticontofillthewindowwiththedrawingframe.Theschematicconsistsofthefollowingelements:Part Value Device Package Library SheetC1 30p C-EUC1206 C1206 rcl 1C2 30p C-EUC1206 C1206 rcl 1C3 10n C-EU025-025X050 C025-025X050 rcl 1C4 47u/25V CPOL-EUTAP5-45 TAP5-45 rcl 1C5 47u CPOL-EUTAP5-45 TAP5-45 rcl 1D1 1N4148 1N4148 DO35-10 diode 1IC1 PIC16F84AP PIC16F84AP DIL18 microchip 1IC2 78L05Z 78L05Z TO92 linear 1JP1 PROG PINHD-1X4 1X04 pinhead 1JP2 APPL PINHD-1X17 1X17 pinhead 1Q1 XTAL/S QS special 1R1 2,2k R-EU_R1206 R1206 rcl 1

F1 DINA4_L frames 1UsetheADDcommandtoplacethelisteddevices.

Pleasekeepinmind:Youreallyshouldnotchangethedefaultgridof100mil(=2.54mm)in theSchematicEditor.Onlythiswayyoucanbesurethatnetswill be connectedtotheDevices'pins.

YoucantogglethegridonandoffbyclickingtheGRIDiconormoreeasilybyusingF6,tohelpyoulocatingtheparts.OnceyouhaveplacedthepartsyoucanrelocatethemwiththeMOVEcommand.ActivatetheMOVEcommandbyclickingtheappropriateiconinthecommandtoolbar,thenmovethecursortothepartyouwanttomoveand.EAGLEwillhighlightthepart,toletyouknowthatitisattachedtothecursorandreadytoberelocated.Relocatethepart,andtoplaceitinitsnewlocation.TheMOVEcommandisstillactiveandreadytomovethenextpart.Presstherightmousebuttonifyouwanttorotateapart.ForduplicatingpartsyoumayusetheCOPYcommand(forexample,C1andC2).Thusyoudon'thavetofetcheachpartwiththeADDcommand.Whenyouhavelocatedtheparts,startconnectingthemusingtheNETcommand.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

UsetheNETcommand,notWIREtodrawnetconnections!

Keepinmind:Arightmouseclick onanobject opensthecontextmenu.Itoffersall commandsavailablefortheobject.

TheNETCommand

Anetisonlyconnectedtoapinifitisplacedontheconnectionpointof

thepin. Displaythe layer 93, Pins, withtheDISPLAYcommandto locatetheseconnectionpoints.Theyaremarkedwithagreencircle.EAGLEautomaticallynameselectricalconnections(nets).Inourexampledemo1.schthenetlinesatC5pin+,U1pin3(VI),andJP2pin16havethesamename.Thepinsareconnectedtothesamenet,althoughthenetlinesarenotdrawcontinuously.ActivatetheSHOWcommandandclickonanetsegment:thewholenetisdisplayedhighlightednow.WhiletheNETcommandisactive,thestatusbarbelowshowspropertiesoftheselectednet.

Netswiththesamenameareaffiliatedwitheachother!

TheNAMECommand

EAGLEautomaticallyallocatesnamessuchasB$..forbuses,P$..forpins

andN$..fornets.NAMEandthenthenetconnectedtoIC1pinOSC1(16).Apopupmenushowsthepredefinednameofthenet.Typein

OSC1andOK.Thenetimmediatelynowhasthisname.Thenamesofcomponentsandbussescanbechangedinthesameway.

TheLABELCommand

The LABELcommandallows you to place bus or net names in any

location.LABEL,locatethecursoronthenetMCLR/PGMand.Thenameofthenetisattachedtothecursorandalinepointstothenearestpartoftherelatednet.Placethetextatanylocation.Youcanalsorotatethelabelwiththerightmousebutton.Locatethelabelapproximatelyasshowninthefigureand tofixitsposition(nearJP1pin3).Ifnetorbusnamesarechanged,therelevantlabelsarealsochanged.LabeltextisnotchangedwiththeCHANGETEXTcommandbutwiththeNAMEcommandandaclick onthenet lineor thebus line. CHANGEFONTorCHANGESIZEchangesthefontorthetextsize.

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EAGLE 5 Tutorial

If a schematic consists ofmore thanonesheet (notpossible in theLightEdition),itispossibletosettheXREFoptionforlabels.Thiscanbeusedforgenerating a cross reference to the referring net on the next sheet. Thisoptionworksonlyincombinationwithdrawingframesthataredrawnwiththe FRAMEcommand. More details about this can be found in the helpfunctionofFRAMEandLABEL.

TheDELETECommand

Youcandeleteobjectswiththiscommand.Ifitisappliedtonets,wires

or busses, a single segment is deleted at a time. To use this command,DELETEinthecommandtoolbar,takethecursortotheobjectthatistobedeleted,and.Keepthe Shift keypressedwhiledeletinganobjectinordertodeletethewholenetorbus.Moreaboutthisinthehelpfunction.UNDOandREDOworkhereaswell.Todeletewholegroups,useCtrl+DELETEandarightmouseclickintothegroup.

TheJUNCTIONCommand

Droppinganet onanother net line generates aconnection between

thesetwonets.Theconnectionwillberepresentedbyajunction,thatwillbesetautomatically.AutomaticsettingofjunctionscanbeswitchedoffwiththeoptionAutosetjunctions(Options/Set/Misc).InthiscasetheJUNCTIONcommandisusedtodrawaconnectingnodeattheintersectionofnetswhicharetobeconnectedtoeachother. JUNCTION andanodeisattachedtothecursor.Locatethenodeatthejunctionoftwonetlinesandtofixitintoplace.TheSHOWCommand

ThisisagoodtimetodemonstratethefunctionoftheSHOWcommand.

Thiscommandisusedtoshownamesandotherdetailsofobjectsandobjects.Completesignalsandnetscanbehighlighted,aswellascomponents.ToshowforexamplethenetV+,SHOW inthecommandtoolbarthenmovethecursortotheconnectionpointofU1pinVI(3)and.PleasenoticethatEAGLEhighlightsthenetwiresandeachpinconnectedbythisnet,aswellasthepinnameofeachparttowhichitisconnected.Inaddition,thesignalislistedinthestatusbaras:

Net: V+, Class: 1 PowerWhiletheSHOWcommandisactivethenetremainshighlightedalthoughyou are panning the window by pressing the middle mouse button andmovingthemouseorusingtheWINDOWcommand. DeactivatetheSHOWcommandbyclickingthestopsigniconorpressingthe Esc key. Nowtheobjectsarenolongerhighlighted.

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Toshowacertainobject,SHOW andtypethename(forexampleRA4)inthecommandline.HittheEnterkeythen.YoucansubsequentlytypeothernameswithouttheneedtoreactivatetheSHOWcommand.

SHOW RA4 RA3 RA2

Thiswayyoucanmarkonenetaftertheother.TheSHOWcommandworksalsowithplaceholders.Type

SHOW RA* togetallnetsbeginningwithRAhighlightedatthesametime.Incaseyouwishtohighlightseveralnetsatthesametime,clickwiththeleftmousebutton,forexampleonnetRA2.NowpresstheCtrlkeyandclickonnetsRA3andRA4.Allthreenetsarehighlightednow.ClickagainwithpressedCtrlkeyonnetRA3andthenetwon'tbehighlightedanymore.Ctrlinvertsthehighlight.

TheMOVECommand

NoelectricalconnectionwillbegeneratedifyouMOVEanetlineovera

pin.Ontheotherhand:ifyoumoveapinoveranotherpinoroveranetline,anelectricalconnectionwillbegenerated,andanetlinewillbeattachedtothepinwhenthecomponentismovedfurther.RemembertheUNDOcommandifyouwanttodetachthenetline.ChecktheconnectionswiththeSHOWcommand(netandconnectedpinsarehighlighted),asmentionedbefore.AdditionalyoucanexportanetlistorpinlistwiththeEXPORTcommand.

HistoryFunctionWith thekeys uparrow and downarrow youcan recall the last keyboardinstructionintothecommandlineandexecuteitwiththeEnterkey.TheEsckeywilldeletethecommandline.UseAlt+F2toshowthewholeschematiconthescreen,thentype:

SHOW R1 SHOW C1 SHOW IC1

QuittheSHOWcommandbyclickingthestopsignicon.Presstheuparrowand downarrow keysseveraltimes.Asyoucansee,youcanscrollthroughthe list of therecently usedcommands. AssoonasthedesiredcommandappearsinthecommandlinepresstheEnterkey.

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CompletingtheSchematicUsetheADDcommandtoaddtheremainingcomponentsandthesymbolsfor+5V,V+,andGNDfromsupply1.lbr.Searchpattern:*supply*.SupplysymbolsrepresentthepowersignalsinyourschematicandcausetheERC(ElectricalRuleCheck)tousespecialchecksforthem.RememberthatyoucanusetheMOVEcommandtomoveobjectsaroundandthatyoucanrotateobjectsattachedtothemousewitharightmouseclick.UsingtheNETcommand,connectthepinsofthecomponentsaccordingtotheschematicandconnectthesupplysymbolstotherelatedpins.UsetherightmousebuttontoalternatebetweentheorthogonalanddiagonalmodeswhileusingtheNETcommand.Usetofixasegment.Ifyouplaceanetexactlyonaconnectionpoint,thenetisterminatedatthislocation.Otherwisethenetkeepsfollowingthemouse.

TheSMASHCommand

Youwill notice that when you rotate diodes and resistors from the

horizontaltotheverticalposition,theirreferencedesignatorsandvaluetextsrotatewiththepart.EAGLEprovidesaSMASHcommandthatallowsyoutoMOVEandROTATEthenameandvaluetextsindependentlyofthesymbol.

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Whilemovingsuchadetached(smashed)text,EAGLEdrawsalinefromthetexttothepart'sorigintoshowwherethetextbelongsto.Toactivatethecommand

SMASHLocatethecursoronthediodesymboland.Youcouldalsotypeinthepart'snameinthecommandlineandhittheenterkey.ThereisstillanothermethodtoexecutetheSMASHcommand.:Clickontothepartwiththerightmousebuttontoactivatethecontextmenu.SelecttheentryPropertiesandactivateordeactivatetheSmashedoption.Afterseparatingthetextfromthesymbol, MOVE,movethecursortothedesignator D1 ofthediode,and .Thetextselectionpointismarkedasacrossandresides,dependingontext'stherotation,onthelowerleftortheupperrightcorner.Thenameisnowattachedtothecursor.Itcanbemovedtoabetterlocationandrotatedwiththerightmousebutton.WhenyouhaverotatedandrelocatedD1,tofixitslocation.IfyouwanttochangethesizeofnameandvaluetextswhichhavebeenseparatedfromthepartwiththeSMASHcommand,usetheCHANGESIZEcommand(clicktheCHANGEiconandselectSizefromthemenu).SMASH may be used with groups, too. Therefore activate the SMASHcommand,presstheCtrlkey,andclickwiththerightmousebuttonintothedrawing.IfyoukeeptheShiftkeypressedwhileyouareclickingwiththeleftmousebuttonontoapart,alltextswillreturntotheiroriginallocationsandwillbefixedtothepartasitwasbeforeSMASHingthem(unsmash).ForgroupsyouhavetokeeptheShiftandtheCtrlkeypressed.Thecommandwill beexecutedimmediately. If youpressthe Shift keyonly, thecontextmenuopensandyouhavetoselectSmash:Groupthere.

TheVALUECommand

EAGLEallowsyoutodefineortochangethevalueforpartslikeresistors

orcapacitors.InthecaseofICsthevalueinformsyouabouttheelementtype(e.g.74LS00N).

VALUEtheresistor,

typethenewvalue,2.2k,OK,andthenewvalueisnowdisplayed.You can use the NAME command to change the names of resistors,capacitors,ICs,netsandbusesaccordingly.Youcanchangethenetnamesbutyoudon'thaveto,unlessyouwanttogetadescriptivenetlist.

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TheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC)Ifyouhaven'tenteredthecompleteschematicyourselfyoucannowloadthefiledemo1.sch.TheERCcommandisusedtotestschematicsforelectricalerrors.Theresultsare warnings anderror messages listed in the ERCwindow. To start the

ElectricalRuleCheckclicktheERCicon inthecommandtoolbar.

TheERCfindstwowarningsinoursample:POWER Pin IC1 VSS connected to GNDPOWER Pin IC1 VDD connected to +5V

These messages inform you that the power pins are connected to othersignalsthanexpected.ThepowerpinswerenamedVSSorVDDinthelibrarybut are connected to GNDand +5V. In our case this has been done onpurpose.ClickononeofthemessageentriesandEAGLEwillshowwherethereasonfortheproblemislocatedintheschematic.Bothwarningsdon'tcauseanyproblemsandcouldbeavoidedbychangingthenamesofthepowerpins in the librarydefinition. ButyoucouldalsoApprove these warnings. The messages are now shown in the Approvedbranch,nolongerintheWarningsbranchofthemenu.

PleasenotethattheERCcanonlydiscoverpossibleerrorsources.ItisuptoyoutoproperlyinterprettheERCmessages!

IfyouwanttolearnmoreabouttheERCcommand,typeHELP ERCinthecommandline.

GeneratingaBoardfromaSchematic

Afterloadingaschematicfromwhichyouwouldliketodesignaboard,clickontheBOARDiconintheactiontoolbar:Aboardfilewillbegeneratedinwhichthepackagesarepositionednexttoanemptyboard.AfurtherdescriptionfollowsinthechapterDesigningaPCBoard.Butnowwewanttointroduceanotherimportantcommandthatisnecessarytodesignschematicsfirst.

TheBUSCommand

Loadtheschematicbus.schfromthe/eagle/examples/tutorialdirectory.

Aschematicwithabusstructureappears.AbushastobedrawnwiththeBUScommand.Itisnamedautomatically(B$1..).

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A bus has no logical significance. It is a drawing object only. Logicalconnections(nets)areonlydefinedwiththeNETcommand.Netswiththesamenameareidenticaleveniftheyareondifferentpagesofaschematicoropticallynotconnected.Thebusnamedeterminesthesignalscontainedinthebus.InourexamplethebuscontainsthesignalsVALVE0toVALVE11andasignalnamedEN.Therefore the bus has been named EN,VALVE[0..11] with the NAMEcommand.The bus in our example has not been finished, yet. There are still someconnectionstodraw.StarttoconnectthefollowingsignalstoIC7byselectingtheNETcommandandclickingonthebusline:

EN IC7 Pin 14 ENVALVE0 IC7 Pin 16 INAVALVE1 IC7 Pin 15 INBVALVE2 IC7 Pin 10 INCVALVE3 IC7 Pin 9 IND

NET inthecommandtoolbarandmovethecursoroverthebus,onegridlineoverthepinIC714.Thenetconnectiontothebusmustoriginatefromthe bus and be drawn to the component pin, if you want to use thisconvenientwaytonameit.tosetthestartingpointofthenet,andapopupmenuwillappearwiththenetnamesforthebus.ENtoselectnetEN,andmovethecursortoIC714,usingtherightmousebuttontochangethelineuntilitisdrawnliketheothernetlinesinthisarea. thepin'sconnectionpointtofinishthenetline.RepeatthisactionforVALVE0..VALVE3.UsetheLABELcommandtomakethenetnamesvisibleintheschematic.If youwanttocancelanaction,clicktheUNDOicon,orusethe F9 key.EitherbyclickingontheREDOiconorbyuseoftheF10keyyoucanperformthecancelledactiononceagain.UsetheMOVEcommandtomoveindividualbussegments.Selectasegmentneartotheendinordertomovetheendpoint.Selectasegmentsomewhereinthemiddle,tomoveittoaparallellocation.YoucandeleteindividualsegmentswithDELETE.Ifyouwanttomovethebusthealreadydrawnnetswon'tfollow.TomovethemtogetheryouhavetouseGROUPandMOVE.

Thecursortakesontheformoffourarrowswhenyouwanttoselectan objectwhoseoriginisveryclosetotheoriginofanotherobject.Inthis sortofcase,clicktheleftmousebuttontoselectthehighlightedobject. Clicktherightmousebutton,ifyouwanttogoontothenextpossible object.Informationabouttheselectedobjectisshowninthestatusbar.

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13 AutomaticForward&BackAnnotation

You should always design your boards using Forward&Back Annotationcontrols; only then can you be sure that boards and schematics will beconsistent witheachother. Thiscontrolmechanismis activatedwhenyouloadaschematicandaboardwhichhave thesamenameandwhichareconsistentwitheachother.EAGLEalwaysloadsbothfilesiftheyexistinthesamedirectory.Consistentinthiscontextimpliesthatthenetlist,components,andvaluesareidentical.Ifyouloadaschematicandaboardwhichhasthesamenameandwhichcanbefoundinthesamedirectory(orviceversa),EAGLElaunchesaconsistencycheck.YououghttostarttheERCifanydifferencesarefound.TheresultsareshownintheERCwindow.TheConsistencyerrorsbranchliststhedifferencesbetweenschematicandlayout.Usingthisinformationyouareabletomakethemstepbystepconsistentagain.TheForward&BackAnnotationwillbecancelledifeitheronlytheschematicwindoworonlytheboardwindowisactivated.Anychangesmadecanthenleadtodiscrepanciesinthefilesfortheboardandtheschematic.Thereforealwaysmakefollowthisrule:

Whenworkingonaboard,neverclosetheschematicwindow(youcan minimizeittoanicon,however)andviceversa.

EAGLEgenerates warnings beforeoperationsarecarriedoutwhichwouldterminatetheForward&BackAnnotation.Under the control of the Forward&Back Annotation any change in theschematicresultsinanequivalentchangeoftheboard,andviceversa.Somechangescanbemadeeitherintheboardorintheschematic(e.g.namingcomponents, nets, etc.). Others are possible only in the schematic (e.g.adding components). EAGLE prevents such operations in the board andpromptsyoutousetheSchematicEditor.TomonitortheForward&BackAnnotationloadthedemo2.schfile.Theboarddemo2.brdwillbeloadedautomaticallyintotheLayoutEditor.Nowsizebothofthewindowssothatyoucanseethembothonthescreen.ChangesomenamesandvalueswiththeNAMEandVALUEcommands.Youwillnoticethatthenamesandvalueschangeinbothwindows.Experimentalso with the DELETE command and remember the UNDO and REDOcommands.

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14 DesigningaPCBoard

Inthissectionyouwill createasmall PCBdesignandmodifyanexistingdesign using the Layout Editor. First, you will create a board without aschematic.ThissectionisusefulmainlyforthoseuserswhohavenoSchematicEditor.IfyouhavetheSchematicEditoryouwouldnormallynothavetodealwiththestepsdescribedinthefollowingsection.Youshould,however,readthroughthissectionasitdealswithsomegenerallyusefulpoints.

The Layout Editor displays the board in top view. Imagine you are holding your printed circuit board in your hands and are looking throughitfromabove.Thisisthereasonwhy,forexample,thetextson thebottomsidearedisplayedmirrored.

DesigningaBoardwithoutaSchematicOpenanewfile(File/New/Board intheControlPanel)andenlargetheeditorwindow.

DefiningBoardShapeThefirstthingwewilldoisdefinetheshapeoftheboard.Beforedefiningtheshape,wemustestablishtheunitofmeasurementwewillbeusingtodrawtheboardoutline.Wewanttousethedefaultgridwhichcanbechosenby

clicking theGRID icon in theparameter toolbar. Then the Default

buttonandOK.Theboardoutlines must bedrawnwith theWIREcommandin layer 20,Dimension:WIRE,andselectlayer20fromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbar.Positionthecursoratthezeropointofthecoordinates,and todeterminethestartingpointoftheoutline.Movethecursorslightlytotheright,clicktherightmousebuttonuntil both lines are orthogonal(90degrees), andpositionthecursornearthecoordinates(4.00 3.00).Fix the outline at this point with and move the cursor back to thecoordinates'zeropoint. willterminatetheWIREcommand.Theboardoutlinesarenowdefined.

UsingtheMOVEcommand ,theedgescanbemoved,oruseUNDOand

REDOtorecallthepreviousactionsandperhapsmakechanges.Alt+F2,orclickingtheZoomtofiticon,willfittheboardintothescreen.

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PlacementGridBeforeplacingcomponents,itisimportanttosetupthegridforcomponentplacement. Thecomponentplacementgridmaybedifferentfromthegridusedfordrawingtheboardshape,andisalmostalwaysdifferentfromthegridusedforroutinginterconnectwires.Forthefollowingexercisewewillusethedefaultgridof0.05,incheswhichisalreadyset.

PlacingComponents

ADDinthecommandtoolbar andsearchforDIL14. ona14pinDILpackageentry.Nowitisattachedtothecursor.Itcanberotatedwiththerightmousebuttonandthenplacedwiththe leftmousebutton.PlacetwoDIL14packages.UsetheF3andF4keytozoominandout.Ifyouliketoplacethecomponentinanyrotationinyourlayoutitispossibletodefine anyvalue in the Angle fieldof theparameter toolbar while thecomponentisattachedtothemouse.Todothisclickintothecombobox,type in the value for rotation, andpress the Enter key. Now the rotatedcomponentfollowsthemouseandcanbeplaced.UsetheROTATEcommandtochangetheorientationofcomponentsaftertheyhavebeenplacedinthelayout.ROTATEworksin90degreestepsbydefault.TorotatecomponentsinanyangleenterthedesiredvalueintheAnglefieldof the parameter toolbar while the command is active. Now click thecomponenttorotate it. Keepthemousebuttonpressedafterselectingthecomponentandyoucanrotateitwhilemovingthemouse.Thecurrentanglewillbeshownintheparametertoolbar.If you like to use another package than the predefined one (e.g. a SMDinsteadofathroughholepackage),youcanusetheREPLACEcommand.Fordetailedinformationpleasetakealookintothehelpfunction.

PlacingSMDPackagesNowuseADDtoplacetwo1210packageson theboard(searchpattern:R1210).Ifyouknowthepackagename,youcantype

ADD R1210 or

ADD R1210@smd-ipc inthecommandlinetofetchthepackagefromacertainlibrary.Ifyouintendtoplacethepackageinacertainangle,youcanenterthevaluedirectly:

ADD R1210@smd-ipc R22.5 TheSMDpadsappearinred,whichmeans,thattheyareonthelayer1,Top,of the board. To transfer them to the Bottom layer use the MIRROR

command.ClicktheMIRRORicon inthecommandtoolbarandonthe

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packageortypethenameofthepartinthecommandline.AslongastheMIRRORcommandisactive,youcanmovepackagestotheothersideoftheboard.ForthenextexercisethepackagesshouldbeplacedontheToplayer(red).Assoonasacomponentispositionedandyoudon'twanttohaveitmovedagain, youcanfixitwiththeLOCKcommand.Forclarificationtheorigincrossofalockedcomponentisdisplayedlikean'x'.Shift+LOCKandamouseclickonthecomponentreleasesitagain.

ProvidingNamesToassignanametothepackagesjustplaced:

NAMEinthecommandtoolbar .Movethecursorneartheoriginpoint(markedwithacross)ofthefirstDIL14and.Apopupwindowappears.Type

IC1 andthenewnameisassignedtothepackage.RepeatthisprocesstonametheremainingpackagesIC2,R1,andR2.It's also possible to change the object's name in the command line, forexample:

NAME R22 R2 InthiscaseR22isrenamedR2.

ProvidingValuesToassignvaluestoacomponent:

VALUE inthecommandtoolbar .MovethecursorneartheoriginofIC1and.Apopupwindowappears.Type

CD4001 and IC1 now has the value CD4001. Using the VALUE command assignCD4002toIC2,100ktoR1,and22ktoR2.

DefiningSignalsThe next step is to define signals and establish their connections usingairwires(rubberbands).First,connectthegroundpads:

SIGNAL andtypeGND

onpad7ofIC1(IC17)andmovethecursortoIC27andtoterminatetheGNDairwire.ThetwopadsarenowconnectedtotheGNDsignal.NextwewillconnectVCC.Type

VCC onIC114,movethecursortoIC214andtoterminatetheVCCairwire.

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Definefurthersignalsusingthesameprocedure.Ifyoudon'twanttospecifynamesforthesignalsatthistimeapadtostartasignalandapadtoterminateit(orclickthestopsignicon).EAGLEwillthengeneratenetnamesautomaticallywhichcanbechangedwiththeNAMEcommand.

EAGLE terminology: Pads are throughholes for conventional components(usedinpackages).Pinsareconnectionpointsforschematic symbols. SMD's are the pads of surface mounted devices (used inpackages).

AirwirescanbedeletedwiththeDELETEcommandifyoudon'tworkunderForward&BackAnnotationcontrol(insuchacaseyouhavetodeleteasignalbydeletingtherelatednetsintheschematic).PleasenotethatUNDO(F9)andREDO(F10)functionunderthecontroloftheForward&BackAnnotation,too.

DefiningNetClassesTheCLASScommand( Edit/Net classes..)allowsyoutodefinedifferentpropertiesfornets:Widthdefinestheminimumwirewidth,Clearancedefinestheminimumdistancetosignalsofothernetclasses,Drilldefinestheminimumdrilldiameterofvias.Forexample,powersupplysignalsmayberoutedwithagreaterwirewidth(highercurrent)oragreatervalueforclearance(highervoltage).Theautorouterusesthesevaluesforrouting,too.Thedefaultvalueis0forallproperties(noclassesdefined).ThismeansthevaluessetintheDesignRulesarevalidforallsignals.IftherearevaluesdefinedintheDesignRulesandforNetClasses,thehigheroneofbothwillbevalid.Inthecaseyouhavetousedifferentvaluesfortheclearancesbetweeneachsingle net class, you can set them in the Clearance Matrix which can beaccessedwiththe>>buttonintheNetClasseswindow.Asanexamplevariousclassesareusedintheboardfilehexapodu.brd.

CreatingaBoardfromaSchematicIfyouhavetheSchematicEditorandtheschematicisalreadydrawn,youonlyneedafewstepstogetthesameresult asdescribedintheprevioussection:AboardcontainingpartsthathavealreadynamesandvaluesandwhosepadsorSMDsareconnectedthroughairwires.

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GeneratingaBoardFile

Loadthefiledemo1.schandclicktheBOARDicon :

Withthiscommandyoucreateaboardfilewiththesamenameastheloadedschematic(demo1.brd).AnswertheCreatefile?questionwithOK.MaximizetheLayoutEditorwindow.Thewhiteframeontherightofthewindowsymbolizestheboardoutlines.Itismadeupofwiresinthelayer20,Dimension.MOVE,and therightverticaledgeoftheboardshapesomewhereinthemiddle.Movethecursoralittletotheleftand.Youhavenowreducedthesizeoftheboard.Youcanchangetheboardsizeatanytime.Of course you could also DELETE the border and import, for example,predefinedboardoutlinesviaascriptfile(SCRIPTcommand).

ComponentPlacement

ClickontheWindowFiticon ,tofitthedrawinginthewindow.The

componentsarelocatedontheleftsideoftheboard.MOVE,thebiggestICsomewhereinitscenterandmovethecursorinsidetheboardoutlines.Thecomponentandtheairwiresremainattachedtothecursor.Presstherightmousebuttonifyouwanttorotatethecomponent. tofixthepositionofthecomponent.PlaceallofthecomponentsusingtheMOVEcommand.

Anotherwaytomoveacomponentistoselectitbyitsname.MOVE andtypeinthecommandline.

JP1 Thispartisnowattachedtothemousecursor.Doyouwanttohaveacomponentfixedatitslocation?ThenusetheLOCKcommand.Click theRATSNEST icon tocalculate theairwires so that theyshowtheshortestpossibleconnections.Repeatthiscommandwheneveryouwanttocheckhowgoodyourcurrentplacementis(shortairwires,notwistedbusesetc.).

AftergeneratingaboardfilewiththeBOARDcommandEAGLEarranges all packages on the left side of the board outline in the negative coordinatesarea.IntheFreewareforexample,youmaydropelements withinthelimitsofabout3.9x3.2inch.Toroutethelayoutortouse theautorouteryouhavetomoveallcomponentsintothisareafirst.

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Autorouter:ABriefExampleIfyouwouldliketoseeasmalldemooftheAutorouter,clicktheiconforthe

AUTOcommand inthecommandtoolbar.ChooseafinerRoutingGrid

(default50mil),ifnecessaryandOK.Itshouldbefinishedinnotimeatall,providedtheplacementisnottoobad(watchthestatusbar).If itistakingtoolong,interrupttheAutorouterbyclickingthestopsignicon.ConfirmthequestionInterrupt?withYes.If youdon't liketheresult, reverse itwiththecommand RIPUP. If youwouldliketochangecertainroutedtracksintoairwires, clickthesetracksandstarttheripupprocessbyaclickonthetrafficlighticonintheactiontoolbar. If youwouldliketochangeall routedtracks intoairwires, theRIPUPiconandthen thetrafficlighticon.ConfirmthequestionRipupall signals?withOK.Youcanstart theAutorouteratanytime,regardlessofwhethertherearerouted tracksoronlyairwires on theboard.Typically, supplysignalsandothercriticalsignalpathsareroutedmanually,beforetheAutorouterisused.Trackswhicharelayedoutbeforestartingtheautorouterwon'tbechangedanymore.

Ifyouwanttohaveaboardroutedsinglesided,drawarestrictedareafor thetopside over thewhole boardin layer41, tRestrict, withthe RECTcommand.

RoutingManually

TheROUTEcommand changestheairwiresintoroutedtracks.

ROUTE inthecommandtoolbar. startingpointofanairwireortypeinthesignal'snameinthecommandline.Thestartingpointofthetrackisnexttothecurrentmousecursorposition.

AsfortheWIREcommand,furtherparameters,suchaswidthortargetlayer,canbeenteredwithhelpoftheparametertoolbar.

AllvaluesarerelatedtothecurrentlyselectedGRIDunit.

Movethecursortoroutethesignal,tofixthecurrentsegment.tofixthelastsegmentandendtherouteoperationforthewholesignal.SincetheROUTEcommandisstillactive,youcanimmediatelystartroutinganewsignal.WhiletheROUTEcommandisactive,itispossibletochangethebendmodebetween two wire segments with the right mouse button. Simply try the

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variousoptions; it is alsopossible to layouttracksasarcs(seealsoSETcommand,parameterWire_Bend).Ifyouchangethetargetlayerduringtheroutingprocessbyselectingitfromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbar,thefollowingwiresegmentswillbedrawn on the new layer. The necessary viahole will be generatedautomaticallybyEAGLE.Incaseofendingatrackatthesamepositionasanothertrackwhichbelongsto the same signal but lies in another signal layer, EAGLE does notautomaticallysetavia.Tohaveoneplaced,keeptheShiftkeypressedwhileendingthewire.WhilelayingouttracksEAGLEcalculatesatanytimetheshortestconnectiontothenextpointwhichbelongstothesamesignalandshowsthiswithanairwire.

UsetheMITERcommand tobevelwirebends.Youcandothiswitha

straightlineorwithanarc,whichwillbedeterminedbythemiterradius.Somewirebendmodesareinfluencedbythemiterradius.MoredetailscanbefoundontheMITER,SET,WIREcommands'helppages.

TheEAGLEFreewarerespectivelytheLighteditiondoesnotsupportBlindandBuriedviasduetotheirlimitationofthenumbersofsignallayers. MoreinformationaboutthiscanbefoundinthehelpfunctionandintheEAGLEmanual.

BoardChangesOnceyouhavecompletedtheroutingoftheboardyoucanmakechanges,e.g.youcan:

moveandarrangewiresegmentsandcomponentswithMOVE

andSPLIT ,

usetheRIPUP commandtochangeroutedtrackstoairwires,

use DELETE to erase signals (only without Forward&Back

annotation),

replacepackagevariantswithCHANGEPACKAGE

(alsoPACKAGE)orREPLACE .In demo3.brd thepackageofIC1

hasbeenreplacedbyaSMDpackage,

modifytheDesignRules(forexample,Restringsettings),

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useSMASH todetachtextsfromcomponentsinorderto

MOVE ,ROTATE ,orCHANGE them,

MITER wirejoints.

FurtherUsageoftheLayoutEditorInthissectionyouwillmodifyarouteddemoboard.Loadthefiledemo2.brd,andenlargetheeditorwindow.Nextafewimportantcommandswillberepeated.

TheDISPLAYCommand

Itisofteneasiertomaintainagoodoverviewifsomeinformationisnot

shown. DISPLAY

anddeselectwithyourmousethelayer21,tPlace,whichshowsthetopsidesilkscreenoftheboard,and23, tOrigins,25, tNames,27, tValues,and51,tDocu.Toexecutethischange,OK.Itispossibletodefinesocalledaliases.Thisallowsyoutoswitchquickandcomfortablyfromonelayercombinationtoanother.AnaliascanbedefinedwiththepopupmenuoftheDISPLAYicon.SeealsothehelppagesoftheDISPLAYcommand.

TheMOVECommand

WiththeMOVEcommandyoucanmoveforinstancewires (linesor

signaltracks).Selectingawiresegmentnearanendpointwillmovetheendpointofthewire.Keepthe Ctrl keypressedwhileselectingitandtheendpointwilljumponthecurrentgrid.Selectingthewireinthemiddlewillmoveitinparallel.KeepingtheCtrlkeypressedchangesthewireintoanarc.Youcanalsomovevias(throughholeswhichconnectTopandBottomlayertracks).Whenmovingvias,theattachedwiresarealsomoved.

TomovecomponentsplacedontheToplayer,layer23tOriginshastobedisplayed.ThesameappliestocomponentsplacedontheBottomlayer andlayer24bOrigins.

AslongastheMOVEcommandisactive,youcanrotatetheobjectwiththerightmousebuttonby90degreesorbyanyanglegivenintheAnglecomboboxintheparametertoolbar.

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TheSpinflag(onlyavailableintheLayoutEditor)determinesiftextswitharotationof180degreeswillbeshownupsidedownorstayreadablefromthebottom of the drawing (default). This also works with the ROTATEcommand.Thestatusbarshowsinformationabouttheselectedobject.

TheGROUPCommand

OneofthemostusefulcommandsofEAGLEistheGROUPcommand.It

allowsyoutoselectseveralobjects,changetheirpropertiesandmove,rotateormirrorthemallatonce.TousetheGROUPcommand GROUP.Then,byclickingandreleasingtheleftmousebutton,drawapolygonaroundagroupofobjectsandclosethepolygonbypressingtherightmousebutton(don'tusethePOLYGONcommand).Theselectedobjectsarenowhighlighted.Alternativelykeeptheleftmousebuttonclickedanddragarectangletomarkthegroup'sarea.Thecommand GROUP ALL selects all objects, if the respective layers aredisplayedandifcomponentsarenotlockedbytheLOCKcommand.Holdingdownthe Shift keywhileclickingthemousethefirsttimeforthegroupselection,analreadyexistinggroup,ifany,willbeextendedbytheselectedobjects.Ctrl+GROUPallowsyoutotogglethegroupmembershipforsingleobjects.

Pleasemakesurethatyouonlyselectobjectswhichareinavisiblelayer. Packagesonthe Toplayercanonlybeselectedif layer23 tOrigins is visible,andpackagesattheBottomlayercanonlybeselectediflayer24 bOriginsisvisible.UsetheDISPLAYcommandtoshoworhidelayers.

NextselecttheMOVEcommand,presstheCtrlkey,andusetherightmousebutton toattachthegroupto thecursor. Thiswayyoucanmoveall theobjectssimultaneously,rotatethemwiththerightmousebuttonandfixthemwiththeleftmousebutton.AfteragrouphasbeendefinedwiththeGROUPcommand,thepropertiesofthecontainedobjectscanbechangedwiththeCHANGEcommand.Selectagroupthatcontainssomewires,CHANGEinthecommandtoolbar,Width,and 0.032.Thenclickthe rightmousebuttonsomewhereintheeditorwindowwhiletheCtrlkeyispressed.YoucanreversetheactionwiththeUNDOcommand.

TheSPLITCommand

WiththeSPLITcommandyouaddabendinawire.

SPLIT inthecommandtoolbar onawiresegment

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Drag thewire on the screen a bit. Youwill see that the longer segmentremainsasadirectlinetotheselectedpoint,whiletheshortersegmentsplitsintotwo.Theangleof thetwonewsegments iscontrolledwiththerightmouse button. Click the right mouse button several times to explore thevariousbendstyles.A further click with the left m