Tutorial 8 : English Language Teaching Methodology PKB 3105

Handwriting Disability

Members: Chong Su Yee Hii Siew Ling Chue Xiang Ling

Introduction

handwriting is such a complex skill

difficult in mastering

may cause frustration and distress for children

may cause anxiety for parents and teachers

Handwriting Disability - Dysgraphia

deficiency in the ability to write

generally emerges when children are first introduced to writing

without showing evidence of any disabilities

often have a close family members who show signs of Dysgraphia

General Symptoms of Dysgraphia

a mixture of upper case or lower case letters

irregular letter sizes and shapes unfinished letters struggle to use writing as a

communication tool odd writing grip many spelling mistakes decreased or increased speed of

writing and copying

General Symptoms of Dysgraphia

talks to self while writing general illegibility reluctance or refusal to complete

writing tasks crying and stress experiencing physical pain in the

hand or arm when writing poor use of lines and spaces

Types of Dysgrap

hia

Dyslexic Dysgraphi

a

Motor Dysgraphi

a

Spatial Dysgraphi

a

Lexical Dysgraphi

a

Phonological

Dysgraphia

Dyslexic Dysgraphia

spontaneously written work is illegible, spelling is bad, but copied work is pretty good

finger tapping speed is normal

Dyslexia and Dysgraphia appear to be unrelated but often can occur together

Motor Dysgraphia

deficient fine motor skills, poor dexterity, poor muscle tone, and unspecified motor clumsiness

written work is poor to illegible, even if copied by sight from others

writing is often slanted due to incorrect holding style

Spelling skills are not impaired Finger tapping speed results are below normal

Spatial Dysgraphia Defect in the understanding of

space

Illegible spontaneously written work, illegible copied work, but normal spelling and normal finger tapping speed

Have trouble keeping their writing on the lines and difficulty with spacing between words

Phonological Dysgraphia characterized by writing and

spelling disturbances

phonetically irregular words is impaired

unable to hold phonemes in memory and blend them in their appropriate sequence to produce the target

word

Lexical Dysgraphia

evidenced when a person can spell but relies on standard sound-to-letter patterns with misspelling of irregular words

common in languages such as English and French which are less phonetic than a language

very rare in children