Tutor: Monica Gracia. Understanding Attachment and Bonding Welcome and introductions Recap last...
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Transcript of Tutor: Monica Gracia. Understanding Attachment and Bonding Welcome and introductions Recap last...
Tutor: Monica Gracia
Understanding Attachment and Bonding
Welcome and introductionsRecap last sessionOutcomes of the sessionBody of the Session
Session 17
Ground Rules
• Health & Safety• Mobile phones• Attendance• Ethical issues• Respect• Openness
• Relationships• Work, assignments• Communication• Confidentiality• Concerns
AimsBe aware of the importance of Attachment and Bonding for a child’s development
Understand the importance of trusting relationships between a child and their parents and carers
OutcomesHave an awareness of the importance of
attachment and bonding to a child’s overall development including emotional wellbeing
Explore the importance of trusting relationships in early years and throughout life
True or false?
Write on a piece of paper THREE things about the last session. (DEVELOPING SELF-ESTEEM) Two are true and one is not
Taking turns they read out the three ‘facts’ about the last session and the rest of the group votes which are true and false.
Key Messages from Brain Research
The key finding from brain research is that the brain is uniquely constructed to benefit from experiences and from positive care giving during the first years of life. (Once in a Lifetime: French and Murphy, 2005)
By the age three the brain has formed 1,000 trillion connections: about twice as many as adults have
Brain Research continuedThe brain develops earlier than the
rest of the body- 50% of its’ adults weight in the first six months- 75% of its’ adult weight by the age of two and half years- 90% of its’ adult weight by age five years
What do we mean by attachment and Bonding?
Attachment and Bonding
John Bowlby, considered the father of attachment theory, defined attachment as the reciprocal process between two individuals who form an enduring affectual bond. Attachment process is important for a healthy brain development.
Bonding relationship that usually begins at the time of birth between a parent and offspring and that establishes the basis for an on going mutual attachment.
AttachmentJohn Bowlby (His theory)
Children show a marked preference for closeness to a small number of adults and these attachments are a normal and universal part of human development
Babies are born adapted to seek out such attachments not primarily with the aim of being fed and protected but for the feelings of safety and security the attachment brings
The particular attachment between infant and adult is formed as an interaction in which both play a part
Attachment behaviour, that is the actions of the infant to bring about physical closeness with an attachment figure, increases when the infant feels frightened or anxious and decreases when the infant feels safe and secure
As infants mature into adulthood, the need for attachment figures lessens; however attachment behaviour continues across the life cycle and we find ourselves returning to seek comfort from loved ones in time of stress or anxiety
Arousal – relaxation cycle - the parent responds – Fahlberg, 1991
Need
Quiescence Displeasure
Need
TrustSecurity
attachment
What do we mean by positive interactions?
Attachment
Attachment System – The HOWPositive interaction cycle –
how the parent initiates interaction (sensitive and appropriate to child)
The Positive Interaction Cycle - the parent initiates
Self-WorthSelf-Esteem
Parent Initiates Positive Interactions with the Child
Attachment – why is it important?Attachment helps a child…Attain full intellectual potentialSort out what he/she perceivesThink logicallyDevelop a conscienceBecome self reliantCope with stress and frustrationHandle fear and worryDevelop future relationshipsFeel less jealousy
Lack of attachment hinders a child in …
Conscience developmentImpulse controlSelf esteemInterpersonal interactionsEmotionsUnderstanding cause and effectGeneral behaviourGross and fine motor controlPersonal and social developmentConsistent development of different skills
Attachment
Attachment develops in three distinct phases0 – 2 months: The pre-attachment stage
occurs. Attention seeking behaviour is indiscriminate
3 – 6 months: Attachments begin to form; the child is able to show preference for particular adults
7months – 3 years: A child will actively seek the proximity of one attachment figure. By this time they will already have formed an opinion of the reliability and availability of this person
AttachmentFour patterns
1. Secure attachment2. Ambivalent/resistant
attachment3. Avoidant attachment4. Disorganised attachment
Secure
Child uses his caregiver as a secure base from which he can explore his world. Misses him/her but is easily soothed on reunion
AttachmentAmbivalent or Resistant –Child is either excessively fretful or passive or fails to explore surroundings
Child is distressed at separation and on reunion is not comforted, alternating between angry rejection and passivity
Caregiver : Inconsistent responses, sometimes needs are met, sometimes not.
AttachmentAvoidant –Child explores readilyChild is minimally responsive to separation, - ‘no trouble’ – actively avoiding the caregiver on reunion, sometimes arching away and seeking comfort in toys. May have difficulties forming relationships, can be aggressive.
Caregiver: rejecting, aggressive, ignoring, overly intrusive
AttachementDisorganisedChild lacks any coherent style of response to separation or reunion
Child shows contradictory behaviours including fear, depression, confusion
‘No adult attachment figure has ever been trustworthy’ – often abusive – child needs to rely on self.
What I learnt todaywww – what went wellWhat didn’t go well and why – challengesHow do I deal with this? - ApproachWhat do I need to do to improve? How?
Reflect: