Work Shop on Basic Electronics

Tushar Pathak

Why?In 21st Century Technology is changing so rapidly that we must have clear idea about it. Your age is most appropriate to learn new things in different ways. Summer vacation is the best time to learn new academic concepts without the tension of examination. Many of you will go in science stream so this thing will help you. This is the basic knowledge that one should have before you learn about any advance technology specially in the field of engineering.

What is Electronics?Branch of physics that deals with the emission, behaviour, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices. Development of the Electronics Observe movement of electrons in Vacuum Tube in 1880.

John Bardeen

William Shockley

Walter Brattain

Won the Nobel Prize in the year 1956 for the discovery of Transistor(1947).

In this work shop you will understand about the following devices Resistor Diode Transistor Capacitor Integrated Circuits (IC) PCB

Resistor

The ohm (symbol: ) is a SI-unit of electrical resistance

A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current passing through it in accordance with Ohm's law:. V = IR Series and Parallel Combination of Resistor

Applications of Resistor Resistors limit current. In other circuits, resistors are used to direct current flow to particular parts of the circuit. Protect the circuit from overload or destruction.

diode Electronic device that has two electrodes (anode and cathode) and that allows current to flow in only one direction, resisting current flow in the other.

Different Types of diode

Diode

Zener diode

Schottky diode

Tunnel diode

Lightemitting diode

Photodiode

Varicap

Silicon controlled rectifier

Applications of Diode Since diode allows current to flow only in one direction the diode does not allow current to flow as a result circuit will not damage. Zener diodes are sometimes used as a voltage regulator switch. LED (light emitting diode) indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting.

transistor Solid-state semiconductor device for amplifying, controlling, and generating electrical signals. Invented at Bell Labs (1947) by John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William B. Shockley, it displaced the vacuum tube in many applications.

Applications of Transistor Amplification Amplifiers use transistors to amplify sound. Microphones, guitars, keyboards and electronic drums use the transistors to send out electronic sound. Switching Switches turn on and off with the use of transistors. Switches can be found on amplifiers, airplanes, automobiles, houses, lamps and radios. Computers Many tiny transistors work within a computer to calculate and transmit binary codes to other transistors. The transistors work as a group called an integrated circuit. Hearing Aids Tiny transistors help people with hearing loss hear. The tiny transistors amplify sound at an adjustable level to the hearing aid owner. Radios Transistors helped bring personal radios to many people in the 1960s and helped improve communication. Space Exploration The improvements and new uses for transistors helped the cause of space exploration. With its use in computers, communications and switches, the transistor made it possible to launch humankind to the moon, and set into the planet's orbit large telescopes to help with the study of the universe.

Capacitors A device used in electrical circuits. The capacitor stores an electrical charge for short periods of time, and then returns it to the circuit.

Applications of Capacitors Capacitance (symbol C) is a measure of a capacitor's ability to store charge. Timing - for example with a 555 timer IC controlling the charging and discharging. Smoothing - for example in a power supply. Coupling - for example between stages of an audio system and to connect a loudspeaker. Filtering - for example in the tone control of an audio system. Tuning - for example in a radio system. Storing energy - for example in a camera flash circuit.

Integrated circuit In electronics, an integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use today and have revolutionized the world of electronics.

Applications of IC

Many integrated circuits can be found in almost every electronic device. They function as Timers Amplifiers, logic units Counters Calculators Temperature sensors Radio receivers

Color code of Resistor The electronic color code was developed in the early 1920s by the Radio Manufacturer's Association,

band A is first significant figure of component value band B is the second significant figure band C is the decimal multiplier band D if present, indicates tolerance of value in percent (no color means 20%)

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Examples 1.A resistor with bands of yellow, violet, red, and gold will have first digit 4, second digit 7 (violet), followed by 2 (red) zeros: 4,700 ohms.Gold signifies that the tolerance is 5%,

2.yellow, violet, yellow. We take the first two bands as the value, giving us 4, 7. Then the third band, another yellow, gives us the multiplier 104. Our total value is then 47 x 104 , totalling 470,000 or 470 k .

Red-Red-Orange-Gold22,000 ohms 5%

Yellow-Violet-Brown-Gold470 ohms 5%

Blue-Gray-Black-Silver68 ohms 10%