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Transcript of Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht...
![Page 1: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast
Paola EscuderoUniversity of Utrecht and McGill University
Paul BoersmaUniversity of Amsterdam
Second International Conference on Contrast in PhonologyToronto, May 3, 2002
![Page 2: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction Learning an L2 two-way contrast is
problematic if it has an L1 three-way contrast as a starting point.
The initial state of L2 speech comprehension provides evidence of an intermediate perceptual level.
The perception of L2 learners improves during development.
L2 perceptual development need not affect L1 performance.
![Page 3: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Case:the perception of front vowels by
Dutch learners of Spanish
![Page 4: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
L1 and L2 production environments/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
/a//e//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
Dutch
Spanish
![Page 5: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Foreign-language perception
stim :
/i/
/e/
N-Lresp :
i
I
Beg.resp :
i
I
Int.resp :
i
I
Adv.resp :
i
I
Bil.resp :
i
I
![Page 6: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Transfer for beginners in identification
stim :
/i/
/e/
resp :
i
I
resp :
i
e
L1 L2
![Page 7: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Evidence for an intermediate discrete perception level
target-language /i/ associated with L1 /i/ target-language /e/ identified with L1 // (// |i|: identification task reflects recognition)
intended auditory perceived respondedcategory height category category
–e–
–i– /i/–i–
/I/
// ––
![Page 8: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
L1 and L2 production environments/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
/a//e//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
Dutch
Spanish
![Page 9: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
L2 perception improves
stim :
/i/
/e/
N-Lresp :
i
e
Beg.resp :
i
e
Adv.resp :
i
e
Int.resp :
i
e
Bil.resp :
i
e
![Page 10: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
L1 perception stays good
stim :
/i/
/e/
N-Lresp :
i
I
Beg.resp :
i
I
Int.resp :
i
I
Adv.resp :
i
I
Bil.resp :
i
I
![Page 11: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Perception modes
The model requires that L2 boundaries can shift without affecting L1 perception.
Therefore, we must assume separate perception grammars for L1 and L2 within every single speaker.
Is there independent evidence for such a distinction? Set up the two alleged modes by language-dependent priming, then compare L1 classification in the two modes.
![Page 12: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Beginning Dutch learners of Spanish
stim :
/i/
/e/
resp :
i
I
resp :
i
I
Mode: Dutch Spanish
![Page 13: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Intermediate Dutch learners of Spanish
Mode: Dutch Spanishstim :
/i/
/e/
resp :
i
I
resp :
i
I
![Page 14: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Advanced Dutch learners of Spanish
Mode: Dutch Spanishstim :
/i/
/e/
resp :
i
I
resp :
i
I
![Page 15: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bilingual Dutch-Spanish
Mode: Dutch Spanishstim :
/i/
/e/
resp :
i
I
resp :
i
I
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Formalization: OT constraints
“an F1 of 200 Hz is not /a/” “an F1 of 200 Hz is not //” “an F1 of 200 Hz is not //” “an F1 of 200 Hz is not /i/” “an F1 of 450 Hz is not /a/” “an F1 of 1000 Hz is not /a/” ...
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How OT handles perception
[450 Hz] 450 Hz
not //450 Hz
not //450 Hz
not //450 Hz
not // // *!
// *
// *!
/i/ *!
![Page 18: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
L1 perception if there’s a lexicon
Recognition phase undoes misperceptions.
intended auditory perceived recognizedcategory height category category
|A| |A|
|| ||
|I| |I|
|i| |i|/i/
/I/
//
/A/
![Page 19: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How recognition mismatches change the rankings in the
perception grammar
[450 Hz]
||450 Hz
not //450 Hz
not //450 Hz
not //450 Hz
not // // *!
// *
// *! /i/ *!
![Page 20: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
L1 computer simulation Initial state: all constraints ranked equally high. Learner hears 1000 tokens/month, drawn from the
Dutch F1 distribution. Learner is also told (by recognition) which was the correct category.
Stochastic OT, evaluation noise 2.0. Plasticity (size of the learning steps):
starts at 10.0 (much larger than the evaluation noise); decreases by 3% every month; ends at 0.014 after 18 years. First fast, then accurate.
![Page 21: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dutch production environment(short front vowels and //)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
![Page 22: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 0 months
![Page 23: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 2 months
![Page 24: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 4 months
![Page 25: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 6 months
![Page 26: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 8 months
![Page 27: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 10 months
![Page 28: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 12 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 24 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 36 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 48 months
![Page 32: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 60 months
![Page 33: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 72 months
![Page 34: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 84 months
![Page 35: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 96 months
![Page 36: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 108 months
![Page 37: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 120 months
![Page 38: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 132 months
![Page 39: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 144 months
![Page 40: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 156 months
![Page 41: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 168 months
![Page 42: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Final L1 state
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 180 months
![Page 43: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
L2 computer simulation Initial state: final state of L1. Learner hears 500 tokens/month, drawn from
the Spanish F1 distribution. Learner is also told (by recognition) which was the correct category (//, //, /i/; never //).
Stochastic OT, evaluation noise 2.0. Plasticity (size of the learning steps):
stays constant at 0.01 slow but accurate.
![Page 44: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Initial L2 state (full transfer)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 0 months
![Page 45: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 2 months
![Page 46: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 4 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 6 months
![Page 48: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 8 months
![Page 49: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 10 months
![Page 50: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 12 months
![Page 51: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 24 months
![Page 52: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 36 months
![Page 53: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 48 months
![Page 54: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 60 months
![Page 55: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 72 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 84 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 96 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 108 months
![Page 59: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 120 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 132 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 144 months
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/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 156 months
![Page 63: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 168 months
![Page 64: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
/A////I//i/
200 400 600 800F1 (Hz)
After 180 months
![Page 65: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Conclusions
The transfer of an L1 3-way contrast is problematic if the TL has a 2-way contrast.
There’s a perceptual level with discrete categories.
Learners improve their L2 perception (full access) without affecting their L1 performance (separate perception modes).
For the time being, the only linguistic framework that models this is OT with GLA.
![Page 66: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Opposite claims ‘L2 perception can hardly be learned’
(Pallier, Bosch & Sebastián-Gallés 1997)
![Page 67: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Not in Pallier’s article… The individual data show a bimodal
distribution that was averaged
![Page 68: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Pallier’s dataactually confirmthat L2 learners can become proficient
![Page 69: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Opposite claims There is only one perception mode: L1
(Pallier, Bosch & Sebastián-Gallés 1997)
![Page 70: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Not in Pallier’s article… The individual data confirm two modes
![Page 71: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Pallier’s dataactually confirmthe two perception modes
![Page 72: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Conclusions still valid...
The transfer of an L1 3-way contrast is problematic if the TL has a 2-way contrast.
There’s a perceptual level with discrete categories.
Learners improve their L2 perception (full access) without affecting their L1 performance (separate perception modes).
For the time being, the only linguistic framework that models this is OT with GLA.
![Page 73: Turning an L1 three-way contrast into an L2 two-way contrast Paola Escudero University of Utrecht and McGill University Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032516/56649c785503460f9492d9c1/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Dank u voor uw aandacht!Gracias por su atención!
Thank you for your attention!