Turn to page 47 in your ISNWrite your detailed the response to this

question:Imagine you are one of the Allies (France, US or Great Britain) The war has ended and you must now “negotiate a peace”

What do you want to see happen to Germany?

Include DETAILS!

Create a 4-flap foldable

PPC

PeaceofJustice

Peace of Vengeance

Treaty ofV Versailles

Who do you think this is? What make you think that?

Who do you think this is? What makes you think that?

Based on the what you’ve observed and concluded, who else might be in this picture? What evidence supports your theories?

• This is the signing of the peace treaty ending World War I• It’s taking place in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in

France on June 28, 1919• A German official is seated on one side of the table• Facing him: • Georges Clemenceau (standing) Premier of France• Woodrow Wilson (seated) President of the US• David Lloyd George (seated with mustache) Prime Minister of UK• Vittorio Orlando of Italy

Paris

Peace

Conference

• Paris Peace Conference (PPC) began on January 18, 1919 and was lead by “The Big Four” –the heads of state from Britain, France, Italy and US

• January 1918: President Wilson proclaimed the Fourteen Points • – a speech that offered the framework for, what Wilson called, a

“peace of justice”, • He hoped the framework would prevent further international crises• Based on liberal ideals• Self-determination (nations have the right to choose their own

government)• National independence (new nations based on ethnic

homogeneity would have to be formed) –Balkan Peninsula• Hoped to create an int’l body of reps from all of the world’s

countries so conflicts could be handled diplomatically

Peace of justice

• Wilson’s goals were in contrast to the goals of Italy’s rep, President Orlando• Orlando demanded the allies honor their secret treaties they’d

signed at beginning of the war• Prime Minister George wanted to protect Britain’s overseas empire• President Clemenceau wanted to punish Germany for its role in the

war• They were hoping for a “peace of vengeance” , even PM George

supported France in its hopes for the treaty• B and F had born the brunt of the cost of the war:• US casualties in the war = 330,000 (less than F, GB or Germany

had suffered in Verdun)• F and GB felt they’d earned the right to determine the peace terms• Arguing among the Big 4 led to Italy abandoning the Conference and

Wilson leaving Europe without a peace of justice• Left F and GB to negotiate peace with the Central Powers as they

saw fit

Peace of Vengeance

• Allies first dealt with Germany, eventually drafting the Treaty of Versailles• Severe treaty that attempted to humiliate and cripple

Germany• France demanded security against future German

aggression• Germany was forced to turn over its navy• Keep an army of no more than 100,000 soldiers• Return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France• Disarm the Rhineland (region between Rhine River and

French border)• France was to receive ALL COAL produced in the Saar

River Valley on the F-G border for 15 years• Germany forced to give up all overseas colonies to

Allied countries

Treaty of Versailles

• Germany was forced to submit to paying war reparations• Totals were not determined at the signing, meaning Germany

was signing a “blank check”• Eventually the bill for the war was set at 32 billion dollars

• Treaty included a “guilt clause”• Stated Germany was responsible for all losses and damages

by the Allies during the war• Wilson compromised many of his ideals in exchange for the inclusion

of the League of Nations• In time, the PPC produced treaties with the other Central Powers–

they were charged for damages, their boundaries were altered and “empires” dissolved.

Get ready for an Act-it-out!• Prep your actor for your character—know who you are,

what you want and why you want it• When I say, “ACTION” • Come take ‘assume the position’ of your character

For each of the Big 4 and the German rep, create thought bubbles that accurately reflect what each member might be thinking about the PPC and the Treaty of Versailles