Turkey, Cyprus & The EU
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Transcript of Turkey, Cyprus & The EU
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Turkey, Cyprus & The EU
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Turkey & The EU
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Turkey & The EU
Erdogan and the AKP
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Turkey & The EU
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Turkey & The EUIssues for Accession
• Population• NATO• Kurdish Issue• Economics• Civil Military Relations• Religion• Gastarbeiter• Cyprus• Immigration to the EU
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The Cyprus Conflict
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The Cyprus Conflict
Timeline• 1878 Ottomans cede Cyprus to Britain for
protection against Russia• Enosis• 1931 Uprising/Constitution Revoked• 1946 Consultative Assembly/rtn of 31 exiles• 1950 Michael Mouskos becomes Archbishop
Makarios III
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The Cyprus Conflict
Archbishop Makarios III
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The Cyprus Conflict
• 1954 Greece calls on UN to enforce self-determination for the people of Cyprus
• 1954 Britain & Turkey rejects call for enosis• 1955 Open Rebellion/EOKA George Grivas
leads guerrilla war against the British/TMT forms (Turk Mukavenet Teskilatu)
• 1960 (9 August) Cypriot Independence• Treaty of Guarantee: Britain, Turkey & Greece
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The Cyprus Conflict
• 1963 Makarios introduces new constitution which ensures dominance of Greek Cypriots
• Looting and destruction of Turkish villages creates enclaves and revival of TMT/
• Fear of Turkish invasion, Makarios agrees to British intervention
• 1964 6500 UN Peacekeepers join British soldiers
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The Cyprus Conflict
• 1964 National Guard formed by Greek Cypriot Government as deterrent to Turkish invasion/Grivas returns to command
• 1967 Military Coup in Athens/Makarios moves to nonalignment
• National Guard subverted by right-wing pro-enosis officers and splits with Makarios/EOKA B supported by Greek Junta
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The Cyprus Conflict
• 1974 Grivas dies of heart attack. National Guard comes more under control of Athens Junta
• Makarios demands removal of 650 Greek officers in National Guard
• July 15 Reply comes in the form of coup led by EOKA gunman and convicted murderer Nicos Sampson
• Makarios narrowly escapes palace attack to London• Failed London negotiations result in Turkish invasion
on 20 July 1974
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The Cyprus Conflict
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The Invasion of Cyprus 1974►15 July 1974 – The government of
Archbishop Markarios overthrown by Nikos Sampson
►17 July 1974 – Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit flys to London
►20 July 1974 – Turkish forces invade northern Cyprus
►21 July 1974 – The attack on destroyers Kocatepe, Adatepe, and F.V. Cakmak northwest of Cape Arnauti
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The Cyprus Conflict
Turkish Invasion of 1974
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CDR Guven Erkaya
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T.C.G. KocatepeEx-USS Harwood
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T.C.G Kocatepe
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T.C.G Kocatepe
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Admiral Guven Erkaya
28 Feb 97
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The Cyprus Conflict
Defacto partition of Cyprus since 1974 – The”Atilla” Line
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The Cyprus Conflict
• Annan Settlement and Referendum 2004– Presidential council (6 members, 4 Greek, 2 Turks)– Bicameral legislature (upper house 24:24, Lower
house proportional)– Supreme Court (Equal representation)– 65% Turkish approval– 73% Greek dissapproval
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The Cyprus Conflict
2011 Istanbul1974 TCG Kocatepe
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The Turkish Military as the protector of The Turkish Secular
Democracy
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The Cyprus Conflict
The Future?
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The Cyprus Conflict