Self-Sustaining Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks: Setting ...
Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks: Observaons and TheoryTurbulence in Protoplanetary Disks:...
Transcript of Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks: Observaons and TheoryTurbulence in Protoplanetary Disks:...
TurbulenceinProtoplanetaryDisks:Observa7onsandTheory
JakeSimon(CUBoulder/SwRI)A.MeredithHughes(Wesleyan)
ParameterSpace 1) Radius2) Height3) Time
MoreDirectWaystoMeasureTurbulence
Accretion rate measurements
UV continuum excess Gullbring et al. (1998)
Rovibrational lines
Transonic turbulence to fit CO band head Carr et al. (2004)
Millimeter observations
Fitting models to low-res CO spectra Dutrey et al. (1998)
LessDirectWaystoMeasureTurbulence
Narrow Rings
Pinte et al. (2016), Okuzumi et al. (2016)
Dust traps / vortices
van der Marel et al. (2013)
Settling - SED
Mulders et al. (2012)
Settling - Imaging
Guilloteau et al. (2016)
Also:Polariza7on(Hulletal.submiQed)Chemistry/ioniza7on(Cleevesetal.2015)
R =100 AU
Flaherty… Simon et al. (2015), ApJ HD 163296
Local simulation at 100 AU
Theory
CO CO Flaherty… Simon et al.
(2017), ApJ HD 163296
DCO+
Flaherty… Simon et al. (2018),
accepted, TW Hya CO CO
Magnetic field lines
Stronger field
βz = 2P/Bz2
β0 = 2P/B02
Weak turbulence
Ques7ons:
• Whatisthenextstepinobserva7ons?Thisisaques7onforbothobserversandtheorists!– Howelsemightweconstrainturbulence?– Howcanwemakeendsmeetinradius/height/7me?
– Howdoesturbulencefeedintoyourtheoryofplanetforma7onandaffectobserva7onaltracers?
• Whataretheimplica7onsifturbulenceislowin(some/most)outerdisks?– Aretherealterna7vestoMRIthatareconsistent?– Doeslowturbulencecauseirrevocableproblems?
Whatdoesittaketodox?Rosenfeldetal.(2013)
Δv=110m/s,θ=0.5”,140minutesonsource(~3hourstotal)
Todoublethespectralresolu7on(sameSNR):3hx2=6hours
Todoubletheangularresolu7on(sameSNR):3hx16=48hoursTodoubletheSNR:3hx4=12hours
Note:Nantennashasalmostdoubledsincethen,whichhelpsalot(all7mesdownby~4x).
Also,beQerweathermakesabigdifferenceaboveBand6.(3rdvs.6thoc7lechanges7mesbyalmost4xatBand7)
Butremember…thisisoneofthebiggest/brightestknowndisks…