Tunnel T80 across Pir Panjal Mountain Range: The Longest Transportation Tunnel In India
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Transcript of Tunnel T80 across Pir Panjal Mountain Range: The Longest Transportation Tunnel In India
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WELCOME YOU TO
PIRPANJAL RAILWAY TUNNEL
SITE THE LONGEST TRANSPORTATION
TUNNEL IN INDIA
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• Location Overview
• Salient Features of The Tunnel
• Construction Approach
• Pre-construction Planning
• Usage Of NATM in T-80
• Construction Activities
• Quality Assurance
• Environment Issues
• Social Impact
PRESENTATION COVERS
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LOCATION OVERVIEW
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ALIGNMENT PLAN
JAMMU-UDHAMPUR-SRINAGAR-BARAMULLA RAIL
LINK
QAZIGUN
D
SADUR
A
ANANTNAG
BIJBEHARA PUNZGA
M
AWANTIPORA
KAKPORA
PAMPOR
E
SRINAGA
R
BUDGA
M
RAJWANSHE
R
PATTAN
HAMRE
SOPORE BARAMULLA
BANIHA
L ARPINCHALA
BHATTA
LOALE
KOHLI SANGALDAN
BARALA BASAND
A--DHAR
REASI
KATRA
CHAKARWAH
UDHAMPUR
SALAL
RAMNAGAR
ROAD
MANWA
L
SANGAR
BAJALT
A JAMM
U
SURUKOT
PIR PANJAL RAIL TUNNEL
Length 11100 mts.
South portal photo
SOUTH PORTAL
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SALIENT FEATURES OF T-80
• Total length – 11 Km
• Adit – 774 m (58 m2 exc. Area)
• Shaft : 55 m depth , 12 m dia
• Maximum overburden - 1.10 Km
• Tunnelling method :NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method)
• Completed Cost – 1150 Crores
• Approx. 440 m below existing Jawahar Road Tunnel(2.75km)
• Underground excavation : 10 lac cubic meter
• Cross section Area : Excavation : 67 to 78 m2 ,
Finished Tunnel : 48 m2
• Investigation Bore Holes depth upto 640 m
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SALIENT FEATURES OF T-80
(Contd.)
• 3 m wide road in tunnel for maintenance, emergency rescue & relief.
• High mid point & sloping in both directions for drainage.
• Provision of system for ventilation, fire fighting & safety monitoring.
• Adit & shaft for parallel working, to be used for ventilation, maintenance & emergency relief during service.
• Extensive instrumentation for monitoring during tunneling
• Consultants : M/s Geoconsult-RITES JV
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MANY FIRSTS • The Longest Transport Tunnel In The Country
(11Km)
• Highest ‘Over- burden’ of 1100M
• Deepest ‘Drill holes’ for Geotechnical Investigations 640M
• First Large Scale Use of ‘New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)’ in India
• First Use of ‘Road header’ for ‘Tunnel Excavation’ in Railway Tunneling
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CONSTRUCTION
APPROACH
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APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION
NO ADIT
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Vertcal Shaft
55m deep,
12m dia
Cross Passage 55 m
Adit 788 m
APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION
WITH SHAFT AND ADIT
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Tunnel
Cross
Section:
STRUCTURAL GAUGE
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TUNNELS SECTIONS USED ON KONKAN TRACK
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TYPICAL RAILWAY TUNNEL SECTION USED ON JAMMU-
UDHAMPUR RAIL LINK
SHOTCRETE(25mm+WIRE MESH +50mm)
OR 50mm SFRS
300 TH. C.C. LINING
ISHB 150 @ 500 C/C
50mm TH. R.C.C. LAGGING
Min. EXCAVATION LINE
75Ø @ 2000 C/C
MS PLATE 12mm THICKISHB150-2NOS.
INVERT STRUT ISHB150 @ 500mm
ISHB200 @ 750 C/C
1676
R26
00
43
70
13
12
150
150
Max.
150(max)
50M20
1 in 40
RAIL LEVEL
FINISH LINE
PAY LINE 150 TH. FROM Min. EXCAVATION
25 mm Ø 3 to 5m ROCK BOLTS
AS PER SITE REQUIREMENT
ISHB 150 @ 750 c/c
PRESSURE RELIEF HOLES 5m DEEP @
3m c/c LONGITUDINALLY AS PER SITE
REQUIREMENT
150
PAY LINEMIN. EXCAV. LINE
BASE PLATE
12mm THICK
R3000
ISH
B 1
50
@ 5
00 c
/c
SH
OT
CR
ET
E25m
m +
WIR
EM
ES
H+
50m
m O
R 5
0m
m S
FR
S
50
TH
. R
.C.C
. LA
GG
ING
150
PR
ES
SU
RE
RE
LIE
F H
OLE
S 5
m
DE
EP
@ 3
m c
/c L
ON
GIT
UD
INA
LLY
AR
AS
PE
R S
ITE
RE
QU
IRE
ME
NT
BA
CK
FIL
LIN
G M
-10
50
FIN
ISH
LIN
E
30
0 T
H.
CO
NC
. LIN
ING
M-2
0
150
100
900
BLOWER
8Ø @ 150 C/C
50 675 150
100
65
675
25
mm
Ø 3
mto
5m
RO
CK
BO
LT
AS
PE
R S
ITE
RE
QU
IRE
ME
NT
SE
C. A
T A
-A
75
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LOADING DIAGRAM FOR TUNNEL TOP PRESSURE-15000KG/M
AND SIDE PRESSURE-5000KG/M
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BENDING MOMENTS DIAGRAM FOR
D-SHAPE TUNNEL TOP PRESSURE-15000KG/M AND SIDE PRESSURE-5000KG/M
MAX BENDING MOMENT = 137KN-M
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BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR ELLIPITCAL TUNNEL
TOP PRESSURE 15000KG/M AND SIDE PRESSURE 5000KG/M
MAX. BENDING MOMENT = 35.80KN-M
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COMPARISION BETWEEN D-SHAPED AND ELLIPTICAL TUNNEL
DESCRIPTION MAX.
AXIAL
FORCE
MAX.
BENDING
MOMENT
MAX.
SHEAR
FORCE
MAX.
DISPLACEMENT
WITH TOP PRESSURE 15000 KG/M & SIDE PRESSURE
5000 KG/M
D-SHAPED
TUNNEL
412.5KN 137KN-M 15129 KG 0.083 M
ELLIPTICAL
TUNNEL
567 KN 35.80KN-M 9025 KG 0.024 M
WITH TOP PRESSURE 15000 KG/M
D-SHAPED
TUNNEL
412.5KN 48.10 KN-M 8565 KG 0.03 M
ELLIPTICAL
TUNNEL
639 KN 35.65 KN-M 9635 KG 0.028 M
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CONSTRUCTION METHOD
SELECTION
• DRILL AND BLAST
• ROAD HEADER
• TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)
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DRILL AND BLAST
• CONVENTIONAL, ART
WHICH COMES WITH
EXPERIENCE
• GOOD IN HARD ROCKY
STRATA
• WITH EXPERIENCE, CAN
DELIVER GOOD PROGRESS
• NON CONTINUOUS- CYCLE
INVOLVES VARIOUS
ACTIVITIES IN SEQUENCE
• MAY SPRING SUDDEN
SURPRISES
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ROAD HEADER • CONTINUOUS ADVANCE-
LESS SURPRISES
• MORE CONTROLLED
EXCAVATION- LESS
OVERBREAK/CAVITY
FORMATION
• SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM
HARD ROCK
• CAN BE WITHDRAWN
MID WAY TO GIVE WAY
FOR OTHER METHODS
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TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
• CONTINUOUS ADVANCE
• CIRCULAR SECTION
• NOT SUITABLE UNDER SQUEEZING CONDITIONS
• CANNOT BE WITHDRAWN MIDWAY TO GIVE WAY TO OTHER METHODS
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WHY NO TBM
• Likelihood of Mixed Geology
• Heavily Faulted Areas and/or Wide Fault Zones
• High Squeezing Anticipated in middle with High Overburden (1100 mts.)
• Heavy Water Flow in Lime Stone Zone with High overburden
• TBM may be Trapped by Ground Movement Behind the Face
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PRE-CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING
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PRE-CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING • Engagement of Consultant
– QCB System Of tendering
• Survey and Investigation
• Head start by Taking up ADIT and shaft
works in advance
• Tender Planning
– Key dates
– Multi Method Approach
• Road Header/ D&B
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USAGE OF NATM IN T-80 • Suitable for poor and Varying Geology of
Himalayan Region
• X-Section designed to develop Maximum Self Supporting Capacity
• Face Mapping, Probe Hole & Instrumentation data input for Initial Support Design – RESS – Primary Support System
• Resilient enough to Accept the deformations and readjustment of stresses and Strong enough to take the loads
• Deformation Monitoring to assess the stress redistribution, and stabilization before final lining
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INSTRUMENTATION To provide early information about tunnel behaviour in order to optimize
excavation & support activities during construction and to recognize the requisite remedial measures.
Instrumentation data is basic input of the NATM, the observational approach.
Instrumentation in Pir Panjal Tunnel:
Optical 3 D monitoring: With bi-reflex targets to monitor deformation in tunnel on daily basis
Extensometers: To measure stresses in surrounding rock mass
Radial Pressure Cells: To measure pressure of rockmass on shotcrete lining
Shotcrete Strain meter: To monitor stresses in shotcrete lining
Piezometer: To monitor hydrostatic pressure during tunneling
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CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITES
• Open excavation & portal development
• Tunnel mining & primary lining
• Water-proof membrane installation +
drainage system.
• Secondary lining.
• Ventilation, system and safety
installations
• Track laying
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QUALITY ASSURANCE
• Laid down responsibilities, procedures and checklists for various activities through:
–CPM, CQM, SH&EM
–PPM, PSM
–Organogram
–QAP
– ITP
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QUALITY ASSURANCE (contd…)
• Availability of relevant documentation and defining the manner of execution of various activities
• Maintaining compliance through appropriate monitoring
• Ensuring adequate support facilities for successful & scheduled execution of work.
• Availability of competent/trained personnel to carry out various activities
• Compliance of statutory/regulatory requirements related to safety, environment etc.
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Quality Assurance (contd…)
Check Lists and Forms for Process Control During Execution of Works:
• Required Excavation and Support Sheet (RESS)
• ATSS/ Shift Report/Blasting clearance report/ R/Bolt Installation report
• Shotcrete testing by Penetrometer test, Core crushing test, thickness verification etc.
• Geological mapping (Geological face mapping sheet)
• Lining Air Permeability Test
• All Material Testing at Site Lab
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ENVIRONMENT ISSUES
• Identified Muck Dumping areas
• Recycling of Excavated Rocks
– aggregate for concrete constn.
• Effluent Settling Tank
– Fit for agriculture discharge
• Ventilation during Construction Stage
– Gas Analyser for air quality monitoring
• Controlled Blasting below Inhabited areas
• Lined Waterproof Tunnel
– No long term impact on water table/ Aquifers
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SOCIAL IMPACT • All weather link, Alternate to Jawahar
Tunnel
• Even at Construction stage, given a
boost to
– local construction-industry
– Employment
– Transportation business
• A boost to Local economy of Banihal
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35 Time Line
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PIR PANJAL TUNNEL-
EXCAVATION PROGRESS Year Excavation
(mts.)
Remarks
2006 722 Two Faces
2007 1876 Start From 4 Faces
2008 2475
2009 2533
2010 1739 Two Faces after Jan’10
2011 947 High overburden,
Squeezing, Shale
2012 63
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Miles to go……
“A thing should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler”. Einstein
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THANKS !
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ENGAGEMENT OF CONSULTANT
• Investigations for Tunneling Methodology Assessment
• Initial Design
– Usage of NATM
– Usage of Water proof Membrane for Semi Dry Tunnel
– Development of 4-Arc Tunnel X-Section
– Additional Access through ADIT and Shaft
– Portal Location Review
• Real Time Monitoring / Instrumentation and Design Support
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INVESTIGATIONS & PLANNING 2003 Geological L-Section Profile Submitted by M/s
RITES based on GSI data.- Used to decide the Bore hole Location.
2003-04 Bore holes by RITES/ MECL- To Confirm Geological Mapping inference
2004 Consultants engaged in Feb. 2004 Geological Surface Mapping along the entire alignment by -
For Detailed Geological Section
2004 Data input for Tendering and a Decision Support System for
ADIT and Shaft decision
– Adit & Shaft Work Awarded in June 2004
2004 Detailed Topographical Survey for Portal
Location
2005 Main Tunnel Construction Work Awarded in
August 2005
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NATM
• Rock Mass is the major load bearing member
• Primary Support shall
maintain the integrity & strength of Rock Mass
light, have good and area contact (shotcrete)
strengthen Rock Mass (bolt, grouting)
provide protection to workers (steel rib, mesh)
installed quickly
• Provide always an effective ring closure, if necessary by an invert if rock is not suitable
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NATM (Contd.)
• Rounded shape of Cross-Section
• Continuous control of system behaviour
by monitoring
• Inner lining shall be installed only after
balance of stresses („zero“ deformation)
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50 3D Monitoring Targets
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EXTENSOMETER
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FACE MAPPING
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PROBING SHEET
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Deformation
Monitoring in Primary
Lining Before start of
Secondary Lining
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62 Charging of Face
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63 Ventilation Duct
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64 Mucking
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65 Wire mesh & Lattice Girder Erection
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Face sealing
Face sealing by Shotcrete
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67 Drilling for Forepoling
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68 Rock Bolting
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TUNNEL MINING
Activity Cycle Time (hr.) 2 mt.
RC IV
Cycle time (hr.) 1.25
mt. RC V
Drilling & Excavation 1.7 0.9
Charging , Blasting
& Defuming 2.7 1.5
Mucking 1.1 0.8
Wire Mesh & Lattice
Girder 2.4 2.3
Shotcrete 0.9 0.8
Rock Bolting 1.8 1.0
Preparation of new
face 0.3 0.3
Maintenance 1.6 1.1
Forepoling 1.6 1.7
Total 14.1 10.4
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Kicker Beam Casting
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72 Geotextile Fixing
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73 PVC Membrane Fixing
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74 Membrane Stitching
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75 Reinforcement for Overt Lining
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76 Reinforcement Cage for Inner Lining
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77 Concrete Lining Gantry
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View of Finished Lining Concrete
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Profile Checking with Total Station
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80 Core Cutting
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81 Testing of Joints (Membrane)
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Sedimentation Tank
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Effluent Quality
Test Report
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