Tudor and Stuart Tudor and Stuart MonarchsMonarchs

Henry VIIHenry VII Henry Tudor married Henry Tudor married Elizabeth Elizabeth

of Yorkof York (daughter of Edward IV (daughter of Edward IV and sister to the two lost princes and sister to the two lost princes in the Tower) He defeated in the Tower) He defeated Richard III at the Richard III at the Battle of Battle of Bosworth FieldBosworth Field. He forged . He forged international relationships with international relationships with the marriages of his children. He the marriages of his children. He reign was challenged by reign was challenged by Perkin Perkin WarbeckWarbeck, an individual who , an individual who claimed to be the younger of the claimed to be the younger of the two princes in the Tower two princes in the Tower (Richard). Eventually, after an (Richard). Eventually, after an uprising, Perkin was executed.uprising, Perkin was executed.

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Second son of Henry VII. Second son of Henry VII. After his elder brother, After his elder brother, Arthur,Arthur, died Henry became died Henry became heir to the throne. He fell in heir to the throne. He fell in love with his brother’s widow, love with his brother’s widow, Katharine of AragonKatharine of Aragon and and married her against his married her against his father’s wishes. Later he tried father’s wishes. Later he tried to annul this marriage so he to annul this marriage so he could marry could marry Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn. . Henry claimed that God Henry claimed that God punished him by denying him punished him by denying him a legitimate a legitimate male male heirheir

Henry VIII (cont)Henry VIII (cont)

When he wanted to marry the pregnant When he wanted to marry the pregnant Anne Anne BoleynBoleyn, Henry created the Church of England , Henry created the Church of England

and banned the Catholic Church from his and banned the Catholic Church from his nation. He also seized all of the property of the nation. He also seized all of the property of the Catholic Church thereby increasing the coffers Catholic Church thereby increasing the coffers

of Englandof England

Katharine of AragonKatharine of Aragon

Katharine was the daughter Katharine was the daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand of of Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain. She was married to Spain. She was married to Arthur, Henry VII’s heir, but Arthur, Henry VII’s heir, but he died before the marriage he died before the marriage was consummated. Later she was consummated. Later she married Henry VIII, but they married Henry VIII, but they only had one living child, only had one living child, MaryMary. Katharine’s later years . Katharine’s later years were ones of persecution were ones of persecution where Henry tried to make where Henry tried to make her sign annulment papers.her sign annulment papers.

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn

Anne became Henry VIII’s Anne became Henry VIII’s second wife. But since his second wife. But since his first, Katharine of Aragon first, Katharine of Aragon was still living, many was still living, many people, especially Catholics, people, especially Catholics, felt that her child felt that her child ElizabethElizabeth was simply illegitimate. was simply illegitimate. When she failed to produce When she failed to produce a male heir, Henry had her a male heir, Henry had her charged with treason and charged with treason and

witchcraft and executed.witchcraft and executed.

Edward VIEdward VI

He was the son of Henry He was the son of Henry VIII and VIII and Jane SeymourJane Seymour. He . He was sickly (probably was sickly (probably consumption) and during his consumption) and during his childhood England was childhood England was under the rule of the regent under the rule of the regent the Duke of Somerset who the Duke of Somerset who was executed because of the was executed because of the poor state of affairs in poor state of affairs in England. He died of England. He died of consumption at age 15.consumption at age 15.

Jane GreyJane Grey Jane Grey was the granddaughter Jane Grey was the granddaughter

of Henry VIII’s sister of Henry VIII’s sister Mary (the Mary (the Tudor RoseTudor Rose). Her father was the ). Her father was the Duke of Suffolk and under the Duke of Suffolk and under the control of the powerful control of the powerful Northumberland. Northumberland. NorthumberlandNorthumberland wanted control of the throne so he wanted control of the throne so he married his luckless son Gilbert to married his luckless son Gilbert to the even more luckless Jane, and the even more luckless Jane, and then he attempted a coup– trying to then he attempted a coup– trying to steal the throne from Mary (soon to steal the throne from Mary (soon to be known as Bloody Mary). Jane be known as Bloody Mary). Jane ruled for 9 days. When Mary ruled for 9 days. When Mary recaptured the throne she had recaptured the throne she had Northumberland and Jane executedNorthumberland and Jane executed

Mary I (Bloody Mary)Mary I (Bloody Mary) Mary was the daughter of Mary was the daughter of

Henry VIII and Henry VIII and Katharine of Katharine of AragonAragon. During her late . During her late childhood, Mary was childhood, Mary was persecuted by Henry when he persecuted by Henry when he wanted to annul his marriage to wanted to annul his marriage to her mother. As Queen she her mother. As Queen she attempted to reinstate attempted to reinstate Catholicism, and she married Catholicism, and she married the young the young PhilipPhilip from Spain. from Spain. Neither of these actions were Neither of these actions were popular with the now firmly popular with the now firmly entrenched Protestant Englandentrenched Protestant England

Elizabeth IElizabeth I

The red-haired daughter The red-haired daughter of Henry VIII and Anne of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she became Boleyn, she became England’s greatest leader. England’s greatest leader. Wily and cunning, she Wily and cunning, she kept control of England kept control of England by refusing to marry by refusing to marry anyone and playing one anyone and playing one noble against another– noble against another– each one hoping to marry each one hoping to marry the Queen.the Queen.

Elizabeth I (cont)Elizabeth I (cont)

She kept the religious She kept the religious wars down, advanced wars down, advanced exploration, became a exploration, became a patron of the arts, and patron of the arts, and brought England to the brought England to the position of world power position of world power with the defeat of the with the defeat of the Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada

Mary, Queen of ScotsMary, Queen of Scots

Mary was the daughter Mary was the daughter of James V and destined of James V and destined to be the Queen of to be the Queen of France. When Francis II France. When Francis II died, she came back to died, she came back to be Queen of Scotland. be Queen of Scotland. The English Catholics The English Catholics believed that she was believed that she was the only legitimate heir the only legitimate heir after Mary I’s death.after Mary I’s death.

Mary, Queen of ScotsMary, Queen of Scots

She tried to capture the She tried to capture the English throne, but she was English throne, but she was having enough trouble having enough trouble keeping the Scottish throne. keeping the Scottish throne. She married Harry Darnly She married Harry Darnly (next in line for the Scottish (next in line for the Scottish throne) who was a vicious throne) who was a vicious Catholic. The Protestant Catholic. The Protestant faction of Scotland, led by faction of Scotland, led by John Knox, did not approve John Knox, did not approve of Mary or her husbandof Mary or her husband

Mary, Queen of ScotsMary, Queen of Scots

After a silly plot to assassinate Elizabeth After a silly plot to assassinate Elizabeth during Mary’s long captivity (not her first during Mary’s long captivity (not her first plot- Darnley was blown up by her lover, the plot- Darnley was blown up by her lover, the Earl of Bothwell), Mary was found guilty of Earl of Bothwell), Mary was found guilty of treason and beheaded. She smuggled notes treason and beheaded. She smuggled notes handwritten BY HER about how Elizabeth handwritten BY HER about how Elizabeth needd to die to a man named Babington, who needd to die to a man named Babington, who then showed the queen. She was not bright.then showed the queen. She was not bright.

JAMES IJAMES I

James I of England was James I of England was James VI of Scotland. His James VI of Scotland. His mother was mother was Mary Queen of Mary Queen of Scots,Scots, and at Elizabeth I’s and at Elizabeth I’s death, James was named her death, James was named her heir. Known for the heir. Known for the authorization of the King authorization of the King James Version of the Bible, James Version of the Bible, James seeming support of James seeming support of Protestants incited the Protestants incited the Gunpowder Plot of 1605Gunpowder Plot of 1605..

Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot

Catholic sympathizers Catholic sympathizers attempted to blow up attempted to blow up Parliament and James I. Parliament and James I. The plot failed but it The plot failed but it prompted a new wave of prompted a new wave of hatred toward Catholics hatred toward Catholics – this happened on – this happened on November 5November 5thth, 1605, and , 1605, and was led by Guy Fawkes.was led by Guy Fawkes.

Now WHAT day am I supposed to remember…?

Charles ICharles I

Charles I struggled with Charles I struggled with Parliament and his Parliament and his twenty-four year reign twenty-four year reign was a battle to see was a battle to see where the real power in where the real power in England would reside– England would reside– with the monarchy or with the monarchy or with Parliament. A four with Parliament. A four year Civil War ensued.year Civil War ensued.

Civil WarCivil War

Charles I was supported by the High Charles I was supported by the High Church, the nobility and the peasants. Church, the nobility and the peasants. His opponents were comprised of the His opponents were comprised of the middle class and merchants and the middle class and merchants and the

PuritansPuritans

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell

Led the Puritan army Led the Puritan army which eventually won which eventually won the Civil War. Charles I the Civil War. Charles I was tried and convicted was tried and convicted (68-67 vote) by (68-67 vote) by Parliament and was Parliament and was executed. executed. Cromwell Cromwell led led a new government (the a new government (the Protectorate 1653-Protectorate 1653-1658).1658).

ProtectorateProtectorate

A repressive government didn’t suit A repressive government didn’t suit the English. After Charles I’s death the English. After Charles I’s death

in 1649, a Council governed England, in 1649, a Council governed England, but the Council was made up of rigid but the Council was made up of rigid Puritans. Cromwell became a virtual Puritans. Cromwell became a virtual dictator for five years, but when he dictator for five years, but when he

died his son Richard was too weak to died his son Richard was too weak to hold the country together. hold the country together.

Charles IICharles II

Charles II reigned for Charles II reigned for 25 years. During his 25 years. During his reign the Plague and the reign the Plague and the Great fire of London Great fire of London occurred.occurred.

James IIJames II

Was a younger son of Was a younger son of Charles I and brother to Charles I and brother to Charles II. He was a Charles II. He was a fervent Catholic and fervent Catholic and tried to persecute tried to persecute Protestants. He would Protestants. He would eventually be deposed eventually be deposed by the by the “Glorious “Glorious Revolution”Revolution” led by led by William of OrangeWilliam of Orange

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

James II was hated by the English James II was hated by the English populace and by Parliament. populace and by Parliament.

Parliament “invited” Parliament “invited” William of William of OrangeOrange (grandson of Charles I by a (grandson of Charles I by a daughter and married to to James II’s daughter and married to to James II’s daughter daughter MaryMary) to lead a Protestant ) to lead a Protestant

revolution in England. revolution in England.

William and MaryWilliam and Mary

Staunch Protestants, Staunch Protestants, William and MaryWilliam and Mary became became monarchs through the monarchs through the invitation of Parliament invitation of Parliament which wanted to depose which wanted to depose James II. James II. JacobiteJacobite plots plots were frequent during their were frequent during their reign. Mary died early reign. Mary died early (smallpox) and William (smallpox) and William died when he was thrown died when he was thrown from a horse when the horse from a horse when the horse stepped in a mole hole. stepped in a mole hole.

JacobitesJacobites

Throughout the reigns of Throughout the reigns of William and Mary and William and Mary and Anne, other descendants Anne, other descendants of James II claimed to of James II claimed to be the “rightful king.” be the “rightful king.” The Jacobites were the The Jacobites were the Scottish Highlanders Scottish Highlanders who supported James, who supported James, the Old Pretender and the Old Pretender and Charles, the Young Charles, the Young Pretender)Pretender)

The Jacobites, ecstatic at the death of William, always toasted “the little gentleman in a velvet coat” (the mole who caused William’s horse to fall).

Anne, Anne, the last Stuart sovereignthe last Stuart sovereign

She was the younger sister She was the younger sister of Mary and had given up of Mary and had given up immediate succession to immediate succession to her brother in law, her brother in law, William. Upon William’s William. Upon William’s death she became Queen. death she became Queen. Although she had 17 Although she had 17 children, none of them children, none of them lived, so at her death the lived, so at her death the crown went to a crown went to a descendant of one of the descendant of one of the daughters of Charles Idaughters of Charles I