TU2.L09.4 - POLARIMETRIC SCATTERING ANALYSIS FOR ACCURATE OBSERVATION OF STRICKEN MAN-MADE TARGETS...
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Transcript of TU2.L09.4 - POLARIMETRIC SCATTERING ANALYSIS FOR ACCURATE OBSERVATION OF STRICKEN MAN-MADE TARGETS...
Polarimetric Scattering Analysis For Accurate Observation of
Stricken Man-made Targets Using A Rotated Coherency Matrix
Ryoichi Sato*, Yoshio Yamaguchi,and Hiroyoshi Yamada
Niigata University, Japan
IGARSS2010, July 25-30, 2010, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- June 15, 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake, Japan, M7.2
IntroductionM7.0 class big earthquakes successively occurred in JAPAN not only in urban areas but also in severe mountainous areas
- March 20, 2005 West of Fukuoka Prefecture Earthquake, Japan, M7.0
- March 25, 2007 Noto Hanto Earthquake, Japan, M6.9
- July 16, 2008 Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake, Japan, M6.8
- October 23, 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake, Japan, M6.8
Introduction
To escape damages of secondary disasters
Grasp the situation around the disaster area
Copyright©1998-2006 NTT DATA CORPOLATION Copyright©1998-2006 NTT DATA CORPOLATION
Difficulty of on-site inspections
Immediately after big earthquake…
*We express our sincere appreciations to Prof. Makino and NTT data for providing these high resolution photos.
Introduction
To escape damages of secondary disasters
Grasp the situation around the disaster area
Radar remote sensing based on POLSAR image analysis
ALOS/PALSAR
http://www.alos-restec.jp/aboutalos1.html
Space-borne POLSAR
Pi-SAR
Air-borne POLSAR
quad. POLSAR data acquisition
Introduction
10
10
000
2
1
800
075
0515
30
1
000
01
0
000
0
01*
2
2
*
j
jffffT cvds
PdPs Pv Pc
Scattering power decomposition [1]-[3]
[1] A. Freeman and S. L. Durden, ``A Three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data,`` IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, Vol.36, No. 3, pp. 963-973, May 1998.
[2] Y. Yamaguchi, T. Moriyama, M. Ishido and H. Yamada, ``Four-Component Scattering Model for Polarimetric SAR Image Decomposition,`` IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, Vol.43, No.8, pp.1699-1706, Aug. 2005.
[3] Y. Yajima, Y. Yamaguchi, R. Sato and H. Yamada, ``POLSAR image analysis of wetlands using a modified four-component scattering power decomposition,`` IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, Vol.46, No.6, pp.1667-1673, June 2008.
2/sin)( p
Introduction
Ps
Pd
Pv
illu
min
atio
n
SAPPORO
Urban area
Misclassification of man-made targets
Strong volume scattering
Targets are aligned obliquely to the illumination
Introduction
Strong Pd
Furthermore…
Before earthquake After earthquake
Weak Pd
Strong Ps
Strong Pv
Objective
Accuracy improvement of man-made target detection/extraction in POLSAR image analysis
Introduction of ``unitary rotation[4],[5]’’ of the coherency matrix
FDTD polarimetric scattering analysis for simplified man-made target model
To check the validity of the rotation,
[4] J.-S. Lee and D.L.Schuler and T. L. Ainsworth, ``Polarimetric SAR data Compensation for Terrain Azimuth Slope Variation,” IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, vol.38, no.5, pp.2153-2163, Sept. 2000.
[5] H. Kimura, K.P.Papathanassiou, and I. Hajnsek, ``Polarization orientation angle effects in urban areas on SAR data,” Proc. of IGARSS 2005, Seoul, South Korea, July 2005.
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’
10
10
000
2
1
800
075
0515
30
1
000
01
0
000
0
01*
2
2
*
j
jffffT cvds
PdPs Pv Pc
2/sin)( p
Scattering power decomposition (4-components model):
[1] A. Freeman and S. L. Durden, ``A Three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data,`` IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, Vol.36, No. 3, pp. 963-973, May 1998.
[2] Y. Yamaguchi, T. Moriyama, M. Ishido and H. Yamada, ``Four-Component Scattering Model for Polarimetric SAR Image Decomposition,`` IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, Vol.43, No.8, pp.1699-1706, Aug. 2005.
[3] Y. Yajima, Y. Yamaguchi, R. Sato and H. Yamada, ``POLSAR image analysis of wetlands using a modified four-component scattering power decomposition,`` IEEE Trans. Geosi. Remote Sensing, Vol.46, No.6, pp.1667-1673, June 2008.
x
xx
xx
T reflection
00
0
0
Reflection symmetry
u
//u
0~~ **HVVVVHHH SSSS
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’Scattering power decomposition (4-components model):
10
10
000
2
1
800
075
0515
30
1
000
01
0
000
0
01*
2
2
*
j
jffffT cvds
PdPs Pv Pc
Measured coherency matrix
2/sin)( p
xx
xx
x
T rotation
0
0
00
Rotation symmetry
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’Scattering power decomposition (4-components model):
10
10
000
2
1
800
075
0515
30
1
000
01
0
000
0
01*
2
2
*
j
jffffT cvds
PdPs Pv Pc
Measured coherency matrix
2/sin)( pu
//u
Roll invariant
xx
xx
x
T rotation
0
0
00
Rotation symmetry
x
xx
xx
T reflection
00
0
0
Reflection symmetry
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’Scattering power decomposition (4-components model):
10
10
000
2
1
800
075
0515
30
1
000
01
0
000
0
01*
2
2
*
j
jffffT cvds
PdPs Pv Pc
Measured coherency matrix
2/sin)( p
10
10
000
2
1
800
075
0515
30
1
000
01
0
000
0
01*
2
2
*
j
jffffT cvds
2**
*2*
**2
4)(2)(2
)(2)()(
)(2))((
2
1
HVVVHHHVVVHHHV
VVHHHVVVHHVVHHVVHH
VVHHHVVVHHVVHHVVHH
SSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSS
T
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’Scattering power decomposition (4-components model):
PdPs Pv Pc
Measured coherency matrix2/sin)( p
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’
2**
*2*
**2
4)(2)(2
)(2)()(
)(2))((
2
1
HVVVHHHVVVHHHV
VVHHHVVVHHVVHHVVHH
VVHHHVVVHHVVHHVVHH
SSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSS
T
Measured coherency matrix
Expanded coherency matrix
000
0
012
*
000
01
0*
2
800
075
0515
30
1
800
075
0515
30
1
100
010
002
4
1
10
10
000
2
1
j
j
PdPs Pv Pc
Inconsistency)(2 *13 VVHHHV SSST *
31 )(2 VVHHHV SSST 0
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’``Rotation’’ of the measured coherency matrix
2cos2sin0
2sin2cos0
001
2cos2sin0
2sin2cos0
001
TT
02cos2sin 131213 TTT
Condition for determining the rotation angle
12
131tanˆ2T
T
So we obtain the rotation angle as
Complex angle
Derivation of ``rotation angle’’
after carrying out the averaging processing,
12
13
12
13 ImReT
T
T
T
- For obliquely oriented man-made target area
We approximately choose the rotation angle as
ˆRe~
12
131tanˆ2T
T
'13T becomes small, but not zero.
it is often observed
Modified algorithm with Re{T13} rotation
2cos2sin0
2sin2cos0
001
2cos2sin0
2sin2cos0
001
TT
02cos2sin 131213 TTT
1. Determination of the rotation angle
2. Obtain the rotated coherency matrix using T
3. Scattering power decomposition for the rotated matrix T
Pre-processing
Modified algorithm with T33 rotation
2cos2sin0
2sin2cos0
001
2cos2sin0
2sin2cos0
001
TT
0/)(33 dTd Minimize
2. Obtain the rotated coherency matrix using T
3. Scattering power decomposition for the rotated matrix T
Pre-processing
'33T
1. Determination of the rotation angle
In the previous presentation by Prof. Yamaguchi (in EUSAR2010 etc. )
POLSAR data description
Mode: Quad.Pol. HH+HV+VH+VV
Pi-SAR
Quad. polarimetric data take function
Pi-SAR**
Resolution 3m by 3m
Total pixel number (entire region)
6,000 by 4,000
Averaging size (pixels) 5 by 5
Incident angle [deg.]
L-band 1.27GHz (l=0.236m)
**Acquired by NiCT, JAXA, Japan
Date
11/04/2004 Yamakoshi
27.2-53.3 deg.(Near - Far)
42.9 deg.(Center)
Result
illu
min
atio
n
w/o rotation
Ps
Pd
Pv
Yamakoshi (Niigata, Japan)
11/04/2004
area A
area B
Result for area A
Ps
Pd
Pv
illu
min
atio
n
w/o rotation T33 rotation
Re{T13} rotationYamakoshi (Niigata, Japan)
11/04/2004
illu
min
atio
nil
lum
inat
ion
Result for area B il
lum
inat
ion
w/o rotation T33 rotation
Ps
Pd
Pv
Yamakoshi (Niigata, Japan) Re{T13} rotation
11/04/2004
illu
min
atio
nil
lum
inat
ion
Polarimetric FDTD analysisPolarimetric scattering analysis for a quad man-made
target model by using the FDTD method
f
q
Plane wave incidence
f=1.2GHz (L-band)
H-pol
V-pol
x
y
z
f= 5 to 35 [deg.]
Polarimetric FDTD analysisParameters in the FDTD analysis
f
q
=45 [deg.]
f=1.2GHz (L-band)
H
W
W=L=1.2m (4.8l)
H=1.6m (6.4l)
Permittivity & conductivity
main part: e r=4 s=0.0070
base part: e r=7 s=0.0141
(er=4-j0.2 at 1.2GHz )
(er=7-j0.1 at 1.2GHz )
H-pol
V-pol
Analytical region
Cubic cell size DTime step Dt
Incident pulse
Absorbing boundary condition
700 X 700 X 350 cells
0.01m
1.925 X 10-11 s
Lowpass Gaussian pulse
PML (8 layer)
D
D=0.3m (1.2l)
R
R=3.0m (12.0l)L
x
y
z
f:variable
Polarimetric FDTD analysis
Plain view
To evaluate statistical polarimetric scattering feature as actual POLSAR image analysis,
Statistical evaluation
y
x
Ensemble average processing is carried out for 10 degs. squint anguler range (Average of 10 angles).
15-25deg.5-15deg.Squint angle
y
x
y
x25-35deg.
y
x
5-15deg.
Polarimetric FDTD analysis
Pt=Pd+Ps+Pv+Pc
=45o
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00w/o rotation
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00Re{T13} rotation
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00 T33 rotation
y
x
15-25deg.
Polarimetric FDTD analysis
Pt=Pd+Ps+Pv+Pc
=45o
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00w/o rotation
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00Re{T13} rotation
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00 T33 rotation
y
x
25-35deg.
Polarimetric FDTD analysis
Pt=Pd+Ps+Pv+Pc
=45o
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00w/o rotation
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00Re{T13} rotation
Pd/Pt Ps/Pt Pv/Pt Pc/Pt0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00 T33 rotation
Polarimetric FDTD analysisSummary of the rotation effect
5-15
15-25
25-35
Re{T13} rotation T33 rotationSquint angle
(No need) (No need)
Conclusion
Re{T13} and T33 rotations are both valid.
Accuracy improvement of man-made target detection/extraction in POLSAR image analysis
``Unitary rotation’’ of the coherency matrix
From the results of POLSAR image analysis
Confirmation of the validity of ``rotation’’
The ``rotation’’ is efficient at least up to 30o in squint angular range
FDTD polarimetric scattering analysis for simplified man-made targets
Outlook
Determination of more appropriate/rigorous rotation angle
More accurate man-made targets detection/extraction
FDTD polarimetric scattering analysis for man-
made target model on slope/rough ground
in stricken area i.e.
in inclined and/or rough surface area
Acknowledgments- The authors express their sincere appreciations to JAXA and NiCT, Japan, for providing valuable ALOS/PALSAR and Pi-SAR image data sets.
- This research was partially supported by A Scientific Research Grant-In-Aid (19510183) from JSPS, Japan, and Telecom Engineering Center (TELEC).
Thank you!