TTHM – HAA5 Sampling Procedures

TTHM – HAA5TTHM – HAA5 Sampling ProceduresSampling Procedures

The purpose of this presentation is to The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate recommended sampling techniques. demonstrate recommended sampling techniques. This presentation includes recommendations for:This presentation includes recommendations for:

supplies needed supplies needed sample tap selection sample tap selection collection; and collection; and shipping. shipping.

Sampling for TTHM – HAA5Sampling for TTHM – HAA5

We know and recognize that there are numerous We know and recognize that there are numerous techniques and methods for collecting drinking techniques and methods for collecting drinking water samples. The idea of this presentation is to water samples. The idea of this presentation is to demonstrate the general method used while demonstrate the general method used while providing some helpful suggestions for sample providing some helpful suggestions for sample collection, whether you are an owner, operator, or collection, whether you are an owner, operator, or trainee. This presentation is in no way to be trainee. This presentation is in no way to be considered a substitute for the federal Safe considered a substitute for the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and amendments.Drinking Water Act and amendments.

Sampling for TTHM – HAA5Sampling for TTHM – HAA5

What are TTHM – HAA5 and why do we What are TTHM – HAA5 and why do we

sample for them?sample for them?

Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants have been Widely used by public water systems as a principal barrier to microbial contaminants in drinking water. Disinfection byproducts, or DBPs, are formed when disinfectants interact with organic and inorganic materials in source waters.

The levels of DBPs in finished water is also The levels of DBPs in finished water is also dependant on the pH, temperature, and age of dependant on the pH, temperature, and age of the water in the distribution system. Drinking the water in the distribution system. Drinking water can vary significantly from one point in a water can vary significantly from one point in a distribution system to another.distribution system to another.

What are TTHM – HAA5 and why do we sample for them?What are TTHM – HAA5 and why do we sample for them?

Unfortunately, disinfection byproducts have been Unfortunately, disinfection byproducts have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals and shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals and

have been linked to various kinds of cancer in have been linked to various kinds of cancer in humans.humans.



Because of the Because of the combined weight of combined weight of evidence from health evidence from health data and studies, and in data and studies, and in consideration of the consideration of the large number of people large number of people exposed to DBPs exposed to DBPs (approximately 254 (approximately 254 million Americans), EPA million Americans), EPA established DBP control established DBP control measures for public measures for public water systems.water systems.

The DBP are regulated The DBP are regulated through the Stage 1 and through the Stage 1 and

Stage 2 Disinfectants andStage 2 Disinfectants andDisinfection Byproducts Disinfection Byproducts

Rules. The Stage 1 DBP rule Rules. The Stage 1 DBP rule applies to water systems that applies to water systems that add a chemical disinfectant. add a chemical disinfectant.

The Stage 2 MDBP Rule, The Stage 2 MDBP Rule, finalized in December 2005, finalized in December 2005, makes incremental changes makes incremental changes

to the Stage 1 Rule for to the Stage 1 Rule for additional protection of additional protection of

public health.public health.



The Stage 2 DBPR is The Stage 2 DBPR is designed to protect designed to protect public health by public health by supplementing existing supplementing existing drinking water drinking water regulations with risk-regulations with risk-targeted monitoring targeted monitoring and compliance and compliance determinations for determinations for DBP’s maximum DBP’s maximum contaminant levels, or contaminant levels, or MCLs. MCLs.


Under the Stage 2 DBPR, systems will conduct Under the Stage 2 DBPR, systems will conduct an evaluation of their distribution system to an evaluation of their distribution system to identify the locations with high disinfection identify the locations with high disinfection byproduct concentrations. These locations will byproduct concentrations. These locations will then be used by the systems as the sampling then be used by the systems as the sampling sites for DBP rule compliance monitoring.sites for DBP rule compliance monitoring.


In determining compliance, the maximum contaminant levels In determining compliance, the maximum contaminant levels for two groups of disinfection byproducts (total for two groups of disinfection byproducts (total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5)) will trihalomethanes (TTHM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5)) will be calculated. Under stage 1 DBP Rule, compliance is based be calculated. Under stage 1 DBP Rule, compliance is based on a running average of the samples in the distribution system- on a running average of the samples in the distribution system- an average of all samples collected. an average of all samples collected.

Under stage 2 DBP Rule, compliance is based on a running Under stage 2 DBP Rule, compliance is based on a running annual average at each monitoring location.annual average at each monitoring location.

State Guidelines – Rules – Sample State Guidelines – Rules – Sample

RequirementsRequirements

Be sure to check with Be sure to check with your state or tribal your state or tribal drinking water program drinking water program office for additional office for additional guidelines, rules and/or guidelines, rules and/or sample requirements sample requirements since they may be more since they may be more stringent than those stringent than those required by the federal required by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. Safe Drinking Water Act.

TTHM/HAA5 Sampling SuppliesTTHM/HAA5 Sampling Supplies

Before you begin sampling, it is important to have Before you begin sampling, it is important to have all of your supplies on hand. Here is a list of the all of your supplies on hand. Here is a list of the

suggested supplies you may need:suggested supplies you may need:

Cooler for shipping and storage of your sampleCooler for shipping and storage of your samplewhile in transit between collection point and lab.while in transit between collection point and lab.


Bagged Ice for your shipping cooler. Bagged Ice for your shipping cooler.


PVC or unsupported Neoprene gloves which are PVC or unsupported Neoprene gloves which are necessary to keep your hands safe from sample necessary to keep your hands safe from sample

container preservative chemicals.container preservative chemicals.


Safety Goggles which are necessary to keep Safety Goggles which are necessary to keep your hands and eyes safe from sample your hands and eyes safe from sample

container preservative chemicals.container preservative chemicals.


Sample ContainerSample Container


Lab slips, labels, and markers for sample containerLab slips, labels, and markers for sample containeridentificationidentification


Additional Recommended Items are:Additional Recommended Items are:

Paper towels for drying off the outside of your sample Paper towels for drying off the outside of your sample container after sampling.container after sampling.


Plastic storage baggies for ice andPlastic storage baggies for ice and

sample container sample container


Sampling ContainersSampling Containers

For this sampling For this sampling Method, The Method, The laboratory normally laboratory normally sends either 2- 40 or sends either 2- 40 or 2- 60 milliliter glass 2- 60 milliliter glass vial containers. vial containers. Some labs may Some labs may provide ampules with provide ampules with acid for pH acid for pH adjustment which is adjustment which is not covered in this not covered in this presentation.presentation.

Obtain specific Obtain specific instructions from instructions from the laboratory at the the laboratory at the time empty time empty containers are containers are received. received.


As a general rule, As a general rule, proper washing of proper washing of hands is highly hands is highly recommended for recommended for the sample the sample collector.collector.


Also, food, drink, and even 2nd hand cigarette Also, food, drink, and even 2nd hand cigarette smoke should never come into contact with the smoke should never come into contact with the sample or its containers. These foreign objects sample or its containers. These foreign objects have been suspected of causing false results in have been suspected of causing false results in

samples, so be sure to practice good clean sample samples, so be sure to practice good clean sample collection procedures.collection procedures.


Do not sample with Do not sample with any containers that any containers that appear to have been appear to have been tampered with since tampered with since this may cause an this may cause an undesirable sample undesirable sample result.result.


ProceduresProcedures

The laboratory that supplies the sampling containers The laboratory that supplies the sampling containers may provide instruction with the kit for the type of may provide instruction with the kit for the type of

monitoring being performed. Be sure to refer to those monitoring being performed. Be sure to refer to those instructions when provided.instructions when provided.


IMPORTANT:IMPORTANT: The laboratory supplying the sample The laboratory supplying the sample containers may send trip blanks, sometimes containers may send trip blanks, sometimes called field reagent blanks, along with the sample called field reagent blanks, along with the sample containers. Trip blanks consist of sample containers. Trip blanks consist of sample containers filled at the laboratory, that must containers filled at the laboratory, that must remain sealed and must be shipped back to the remain sealed and must be shipped back to the lab . This is done to check if samples were lab . This is done to check if samples were contaminated during shipment.contaminated during shipment.

Important Safety PrecautionsImportant Safety Precautions

Safety goggles and Safety goggles and

gloves gloves mustmust be worn. be worn.

Wash hands before and after sampling. Wash hands before and after sampling.



Caution-Hazard Caution-Hazard

Sample containers may contain liquid Sample containers may contain liquid preservatives. Liquid preservatives will cause preservatives. Liquid preservatives will cause burns. If it comes into contact with the skin or burns. If it comes into contact with the skin or eyes, flush with liberal amounts of water and seek eyes, flush with liberal amounts of water and seek immediate medical attention.immediate medical attention.

Select a state approved sampling location. Select a state approved sampling location. Normally, this type of sample is collected at Normally, this type of sample is collected at various locations throughout the distribution various locations throughout the distribution

systemsystem..


If possible, use a non-swivel faucet and remove all If possible, use a non-swivel faucet and remove all attachments, including any aerators, strainers and attachments, including any aerators, strainers and hoses. It is normally recommended not to take a hoses. It is normally recommended not to take a

sample at that location if all attachments cannot be sample at that location if all attachments cannot be removed because they may alter the sample results.removed because they may alter the sample results.


Turn on the water tap and Turn on the water tap and run the water until the run the water until the temperature has stabilized temperature has stabilized (use a thermometer if (use a thermometer if possible) This typically possible) This typically takes 2 to 3 minutes. Then takes 2 to 3 minutes. Then reduce the flow so that the reduce the flow so that the stream is approximately ¼ stream is approximately ¼ inch in diameter.inch in diameter. Do not Do not change the flow rate until change the flow rate until after sampling is after sampling is completed.completed.


While the water is running for thoseWhile the water is running for those

2-3 minutes, completely fill out the 2-3 minutes, completely fill out the

labels and lab slip. Be sure to clearly labels and lab slip. Be sure to clearly

identify the system information, like identify the system information, like

the public water system identification the public water system identification

number, number, exact exact sample location, date and time of collection, and the sampler’s name. sample location, date and time of collection, and the sampler’s name.

If the sample collection point has a specific coded identification, include it on the label and If the sample collection point has a specific coded identification, include it on the label and sample submission form. Be sure to attach the label prior to sampling. A wet sample sample submission form. Be sure to attach the label prior to sampling. A wet sample container may not allow the label to properly adhere. container may not allow the label to properly adhere.


Remove the cap from the vial, keeping the vial upright Remove the cap from the vial, keeping the vial upright to prevent spilling any preservatives. Do not put to prevent spilling any preservatives. Do not put

the cap face down or put it in your pocket. Do not the cap face down or put it in your pocket. Do not allow the inside of the cap or the bottle threads to allow the inside of the cap or the bottle threads to

be touched by any objectbe touched by any object . .


Hold the vial at an angle Hold the vial at an angle pointing away from pointing away from your faceyour face and carefully fill it until it is completely and carefully fill it until it is completely full. Be careful not to rinse out the preservatives. full. Be careful not to rinse out the preservatives. If acid has been added to the vial by the If acid has been added to the vial by the laboratory, it will mix rapidly with the water and laboratory, it will mix rapidly with the water and may splatter a bit. may splatter a bit.


Carefully complete filling the vial by putting water Carefully complete filling the vial by putting water inside the cap and transferring it one drop at a inside the cap and transferring it one drop at a time to the vial until completely full. time to the vial until completely full.

Screw the cap on the bottle being sure not to Screw the cap on the bottle being sure not to overtighten the cap. overtighten the cap.


Invert the bottle 2 or 3 times and check for air Invert the bottle 2 or 3 times and check for air bubbles. If any are present, add additional water- bubbles. If any are present, add additional water- just a drop or 2- seal and check again.just a drop or 2- seal and check again.


Remember that each “sample” consists of 2 to 3 Remember that each “sample” consists of 2 to 3 filled vials. Repeat the previous steps to fill filled vials. Repeat the previous steps to fill additional vials for each sample. additional vials for each sample.


Complete all necessary forms supplied by the Complete all necessary forms supplied by the laboratory with the appropriate information. In many laboratory with the appropriate information. In many states, the same form that is filled out here will be used states, the same form that is filled out here will be used to report the analytical results. Also, you may need to to report the analytical results. Also, you may need to complete a chain of custody form, if required. complete a chain of custody form, if required.


Place the samples in a cooler. The trip blanks should still be Place the samples in a cooler. The trip blanks should still be in the cooler. Keep the samples at 2 degrees to 6 degrees in the cooler. Keep the samples at 2 degrees to 6 degrees Celsius ( 36 degrees to 43 degrees Fahrenheit) and keep them Celsius ( 36 degrees to 43 degrees Fahrenheit) and keep them away form direct light or gasoline and solvent vapors. Pack away form direct light or gasoline and solvent vapors. Pack the samples in a cooler with Ice. As a tip, it might be a good the samples in a cooler with Ice. As a tip, it might be a good idea to bag up the sample and the ice separately in the cooler. idea to bag up the sample and the ice separately in the cooler. This will help prevent leakage or contamination of the sample This will help prevent leakage or contamination of the sample from the ice.from the ice.


Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship the samples by an overnight courier This the samples by an overnight courier This will ensure prompt testing for the most will ensure prompt testing for the most

accurate results. It is recommended that all accurate results. It is recommended that all samples be received by the laboratory samples be received by the laboratory

within within 7 days.7 days.


If the laboratory has any additional If the laboratory has any additional recommendations or requirements, recommendations or requirements, they should be read and followed they should be read and followed

closely.closely.


If you have any additional questions, please If you have any additional questions, please contact your state or tribal drinking water contact your state or tribal drinking water program office for assistance. program office for assistance.

Following the proper drinking water sample Following the proper drinking water sample collection procedures can lead to peace of mind, collection procedures can lead to peace of mind, knowing that the test results truly represent the knowing that the test results truly represent the quality of water your customers are drinking. After quality of water your customers are drinking. After all, isn’t our goal to ensure . . .all, isn’t our goal to ensure . . .


TTHM-HAA5 TTHM-HAA5 Sampling ProceduresSampling Procedures

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TTHM – HAA5 Sampling Procedures

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