1- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -

Energy Community Treaty

Large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC

Tsvetelina Filipova

March 2, 2012

2- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -

Focus

• An overview of Energy Community Treaty

• Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants

into the air from large combustion plants –overview of key

requirements

• Contracting Parties (CP) transposition status

• CPs implementation status

• GHG Emissions Study

• The way forward to ensure full implementation by the deadline

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The Energy Community: Key Facts

Energy Community Treaty: entry into force 2006

Stakeholders:

- Parties: The EU and 9 Contracting Parties (AL, BiH, CR, FYRMK, MNE, SR, UNMIK + MD - 2010 and UA - 2011)

- 15 Participants: EU Member States

- 4 Observers: Georgia; Norway; Turkey; Armenia

Objectives and Means :

- Create a single and stable regulatory space – the regional energymarket to be fully integrated with the EU internal energy market

- Application of the EU acquis through the implementation of theEnergy Community Treaty

* Third EU energy liberalization package – Ministerial Council(October 2011), BUT to be implemented by 1 January 2015

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Institutional framework

Energy Community

Ministerial Council

Permanent High Level Group

Energy Community Regulatory Board

Electricity - Athens; Gas - Maribor;

Social – Presidency; Oil - Belgrade

Secretariat

European UnionCouncil of the EU: Transport,

Telecommunication and Energy

COREPER

Electricity – Florence; Gas – Madrid;

Citizens – London; Oil - Berlin

ERGEG / ACER

European Commission

FORA

NRA

Gov.

Min.

Indep.

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the acquis on environment...

• Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU sets

stricter ELV based on BAT from 1/1/16

By virtue of Article 16 (ii) of the Treaty Establishing the Energy Community

Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into

the air from large combustion plants by December 31, 2017. (LCPD)

Article 15 After the entry into force of this Treaty, the construction and

operation of new generating plants shall comply with the acquis

communautaire on environment.

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LCP Directive 2001/80/EC scope

• Aims to reduce emissions of SO2, NOx and dust to protect human health and environment

• Emission limit values (concentrations) are fuel / capacity / age dependent

• Covers LCPs in power sector, refineries, iron and steel, paper, sugar, chemicals and others

• Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels

(except waste covered by WID)

Combustion Plants with rated thermal input ≥ 50 MW

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Groups of Plants

Three separate groups of plants

– „existing‟ permitted before 1 July 1987

– „new‟ permitted before 27 Nov 2002

– „new new‟ permitted after 27 Nov 2002

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LCPs

• NEW NEW plans have to comply with the (stricter) emission limit

values for SO2, NOx and dust fixed in part B of the Annexes III to VII.

• NEW plants have to comply with the (less strict) emission limit values

fixed in part A of the Annexes III to VII of the LCP Directive.

• The LCP Directive requires significant emission reductions from

"existing plants" to be achieved by 1 January 2008:

a) by individual compliance with the emission limit

values established for new plants or

b) through a national emission reduction plan

(NERP) that achieves overall reductions calculated

using the emission limit values.

or by mixing options a) and b)

EC Guidelines to assist a MS in the preparation

of a NERP

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/sta

tionary/national_plans.htm

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LCPD ELVS

LCPDMW Biomass Biomass

Plant exist. new exist. new exist.* new* new exist. new exist. new exist.* new* new exist. new exist. new exist. new

50-100 2000 850 1700 850 35 35 200 600 400 450 400 300 150 400 50 50

100-300 200 1700 400-

200

(lin.

decr.)

35 35 200 600 400 450 200 300 150 300

>300 200 1700-

400

(lin.

decr);

200 35 35 200 600 400 450 200 300 100 200

>500 400 400 500*** 400 200 100

DUST mg/Nm3

2000-

500

(lin.

decr.

100-

500M

W)

NOx mg/Nm3 (O2 content 3%)ELV SO2 mg/Nm3 (O2 content 6%)

Soild Liquid Gasous Soild Liquid Gasous

50

Soild

30

Liquid Gasous

50 5**

30

5**

*depending on the type of gas fuel

** see for specific cases Annex VII

*** 200 (>500-after 1.1.2016)

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Emission Th. Capacity

MW

BREF – BAT

mg/m3

LCPD (IED)

mg/m3

New

Installation

Existing

Installation

New

Installation

Existing

Installation

SO2

50 – 100 200 – 400

150 – 400

(FBC)

200 – 400

150 – 400

(FBC)

850

400

2000

400

100 – 300 100 – 200 100 – 250

200

200

lineare Dec.

from 2000

to 400

250

> 300 20 – 150

100 – 200

(CFBC/

PFBC)

20 – 200

100 – 200

(CFBC/

PFBC)

200

150

200 FBC

400

200

Emission Limit Values Hardcoal and Lignite: SO2 (O2 6% )

LCPD (Annex III) LCP-BREF, and IED

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Emission Th. Capacity

MW

BREF – BAT

mg/m3

LCPD – (IED)

mg/m3

New

Installation

Existing

Installation

New

Installation

Existing

Installation

NO2

50 – 100 200 – 450

lignite

200 – 450

lignite

400

300 400

lignite (450)

50 - 500 MW

= 600

> 500 MW

= 500

till 01.01.2016

50 - 500 MW = 450

> 500 MW = 200

100 – 300 100 – 200

lignite

100 – 200

lignite

200

200 lignite

> 300 150

Ex Inst= 200

> 300 50 – 200

lignite

50 – 200

lignite

LCPD (Annex VI), LCP-BREF and IED -

Emission Limit Values for Hardcoal and Lignite: NO2

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Emission th. Capacity

MW

BREF – BAT

mg/m3

LCP – Dir. (IED)

mg/m3

New

Installation

Existing

Installation

New

Installation

Existing

Installation

Dust

50 – 100 5 – 20 5 – 30 50

20

> 500 MW

-50 mg/m3

< 500 MW

-100 mg/m3

(30/25/20)

100 – 300 5 – 20 5 - 25

30

> 300 = 10> 300 5 – 10 5 - 20

LCPD (Annex VII) LCP-BREF, and IED

Emission Limit Values for Hardcoal and Lignite: Dust

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The process up to now within the Energy Community Treaty on LCPD

• Secretariat prepared LCP inventory templates and implementations

questionnaires

• Most of the CPs filled in templates - data 2010

• A preliminary report on implementation is being prepared which will be

finalyzed by mid March, 2012

At the Third Task Force meeting (May 23, 2012), the TF members

agreed to prepare and present a report, on a plant-by-plant basis,

which will include:

• CP approach on how to implement the requirements and ELVs of the

LCP Directive.

• CP choice between NERPs and/or ELVs,

• Information on measures to be taken for each individual plant, (incl if

they are planned to be decommissioned or retrofitted, and timeline.

• Use of flexibility options (e.g. limiting the hours of operation under Article

4(4)).

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Preliminary Report – key findings

Large Combustion Plants 2001/80/EC

• Focus on LCPs from power generation and refineries sectors

relevant to Network Energy

• The LCPs operating in the CPs are considered existing and

new.

• Often this separation is not fully compliant with the definitions

set in the Directive since many transposing acts are linking the

definition of existing plant with the date of enactment.

• In most of the CPs, since no plants were licensed between

2002 and the date of publishing of the relevant acts thus in the

meaning of directive they are generally considered “existing”.

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Preliminary Report – transposition

Large Combustion Plants 2001/80/EC

• Majority of the CP has adopted in the last 5 years legislation

transposing the LCPD. Not all legislation has been reviewed –

unavailable translations (UA, MD)

• In most of the cases the transposition is satisfactory and full

transposition can be achieved with minor revisions and

amendments of the current acts.

• More substantial amendments are needed for BiH for existing

plants and UNMIK

• Annexes are mostly literally transposed – it is interesting to note

that the ELVs for new plants are provisioned in Montenegro also

for the existing one, thus the existing plant will be expected to

comply with these ELVs by December 31, 2024 (non compliance)

• Most of the acts reviewed stipulate derogations as provisioned in the

directive (limited hours of operation, fuel-specific etc.)

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Preliminary Report – main transposing acts

Large Combustion Plants 2001/80/EC

Albania Law no. 10 448, dated 14.07.2011, "ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITTING"

BiH Regulation on emission limit values into the air from large combustion plants

(O.G. FBiH 12/05) and Regulation on emission limit values into the air from

large combustion plants (O.G. RS 39/05). (regulate new plants only)

Croatia Regulation on limit values for pollutant emissions from stationary sources into

the air (OG 21/07 and 150/08)

fYR

Macedonia

Rulebook on the limit values for the permissible levels of emissions and types

of pollutants in the exhaust gases and vapours emitted in the air from stationary

sources (OG 141/10)

Moldova Instruction Nr. 381 from 16.08.2004 on the calculation of pollution into the air

from stationary sources (transposition not reviewed)

Montenegro Decree on Emission Limit Values from Stationary Sources (OG 10/2011)

Serbia Regulation on Emission Limits Value of Pollutant in the air (Official Gazette of

the RS, No ??/2010).

UNMIK Decree from 22.10.2008 N 541/ N 1110/15801 approving technical standards

of permissible emissions of pollutants from power plants with rated thermal

input exceeding 50 MW

Ukraine Administrative Instruction (AI) on Rules and standards of the discharges in air

by the stationary resources of pollution, No. 6/2007

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Preliminary Report - Implementation

• NERP: Some of the CPs are in process of preparation of NERP incl.

fYR Macedonia, UNMIK. Only Croatia has a finalized NERP.

• NERP preparation is provisioned in Albania and Serbian legislation

but no info on its status

• End of lifetime: Not all CPs communicated expected date/planned

end of operational life of the plants (BiH, fYR Macedonia and UNMIK

reported dates (2017))

• Electrostatic precipitators are most commonly used dust emissions

abetment techniques, rarely scrubbers are installed, as well as low

NOx burner, cyclone, desulfurization is not common

The existing plants are expected to comply

with ELVs as stipulated in the Directive by

latest the end of 2017, however it was

observed that a few countries have granted

longer period to the LCP to align with these

requirements

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Existing LCPs

Situation between countries varies a lot in terms of main energy sources, installed capacity, fuel used, emissions

• Albania - only 1 new plant Vlora and refineries

• BiH - 4 (a few units) and refineries

• Montenegro - one existing TPP

• UNMIK - 2 (a few units)

• fYR Macedonia – 4 existing TPPs and refineries

• Croatia, Serbia and Ukraine - a lot of TPP and refineries

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Snapshot

on fuel predominantly used and ELVs observance in CPs

CP Main FUEL Above ELVs

Albania solid New plant, comply with ELVs

BiH solid SO2 and dust

Croatia liquid and gaseous 10 LCPs no SO2, rest 2-3 times

above

fYR Macedonia solid SO2 and dust major problems

Moldova gaseous No data

Montenegro solid No data

Serbia solid, liquid and

gaseous

No data

UNMIK solid Major problem with dust

Ukraine solid, liquid and

gaseous

SO2, NOx and dust times above

the ELVs

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Participation of CP in Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions for Base Scenarios

• Source: Study on the Potential for Climate Change Combating in Power Generation in the Energy Community, March 2012

• http://www.energy-community.org/portal/page/portal/ENC_HOME/AREAS_OF_WORK/Environment/study_climate_change

Year Albania B&H Croatia FYR

Macedonia

Montenegro Serbia UNMIK TOTAL

2010 2.5% 12.3% 11.2% 10.8% 3.0% 46.2% 14.1% 100.0%

2011 2.1% 13.6% 10.8% 10.7% 3.0% 45.7% 14.1% 100.0%

2012 2.2% 13.9% 10.8% 10.7% 3.0% 45.5% 13.8% 100.0%

2013 2.1% 13.6% 12.9% 11.0% 2.4% 45.5% 12.5% 100.0%

2014 2.1% 13.8% 14.7% 9.5% 2.4% 45.2% 12.3% 100.0%

2015 2.3% 14.6% 14.9% 9.7% 2.1% 43.8% 12.6% 100.0%

2016 2.3% 14.5% 14.8% 9.3% 2.1% 44.9% 12.1% 100.0%

2017 2.5% 14.8% 15.6% 9.9% 2.0% 43.1% 12.2% 100.0%

2018 2.7% 15.3% 13.9% 10.0% 2.0% 43.9% 12.2% 100.0%

2019 2.9% 15.6% 12.0% 10.7% 2.1% 44.4% 12.3% 100.0%

2020 3.2% 16.7% 8.2% 11.2% 2.1% 45.6% 12.9% 100.0%

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NOx Emissions Scenarios

Alternative

Scenarios

Base

Scenarios

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SO2 Emissions Scenarious /Gg/

• Base Scenarios

• Alternative Scenarios

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Particulate Emission Scenarios /t/

Base Scenarios

Alternative

Scenarios

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LCPD the way forward

Techniques for pollution prevention and reduction

are available and mature

SO2: low S coal, flue gas desulphurisation (dry/wet)

NOx: combustion modifications, SNCR, SCR

Dust: electrostatic precipitators, bag filters

LCP Directive emission limit values

can be achieved by applying the

Best Available Techniques (BAT)

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Measures planned to be implemented

• Use of best available technologies in energy

production plants

• Installation of equipment for abatement of emissions

of particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen

oxides from waste gases from combustion plants,

• Use of liquid oil fuels with a sulphur content of less

than 1%, which will be made possible by the

upgrading of national refineries to make their fuel

production compliant with Directive 1999/32/EC,

• Use of low-sulphur solid fuels

• Higher share of use of alternative and renewable

energy sources (biogas, wind and solar energy)

• Setting up a centralised system for monitoring

continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into

the air from the stationary sources

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Thank you