ASEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

“Tsunami warning system”

2015-2016SUBMITED BY:

Girish.N.PandrangiM.Sc. -I Year, Semester – I

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCESHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE, NAGPUR.

CONTENTS Tsunami Tsunami Warning System Detecting Tsunami Seismometers Tidal Gauge DART Buoys DART I & II System Advantages & Disadvantages Future Scope

TSUNAMI• It is a series of wave with long wavelength and long wave

period.• Apart from seismic activity, there are many other factors

responsible for Tsunami.• These gigantic waves are probably one of the most powerful

and destructive forces of nature.

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (TWS)• TWS is a system which detects tsunami and issue a warning to

prevent loss of life and property.• This system consist of two main parts:

TWSNetwork of sensors Communication

Infrastructure

WORKING OF TSUNAMI WORKING SYSTEM (TWS)• Network of seismic monitoring station at sea floor detects

presence of earthquake.• Seismic monitoring station determines location and depth of

earthquake having potential to cause tsunami.• Any resulting tsunami are verified by sea level monitoring

station such as DART buoys, tidal gauge.

TYPES OF TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (TWS)• There are two distinct types of TWS:

TWSInternational Warning

SystemNational Warning

System

INTERNATIONAL WORKING SYSTEM This system uses both data like seismic and water level data from

coastal buoys. Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while seismic wave travel at

14,400 km/hr. This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast to be made.

NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM This system use seismic data about nearby recent earthquake. This system is unable to predict which earthquake will

produce significant tsunami.

DETECTION METHOD

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

GEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

WAVE ACTIVITY

COASTLINE ACTIVITY

DETECTING TSUNAMI• Three types of technologies are used for detecting tsunami:

1 • SEISMOMETERS

2 • COAST TIDAL GAUGES

3 • DART BUOYS

SEISMOMETER Information available about source of tsunami is based on

seismic information. Earthquake are measured based on its magnitude recorded by

its seismograph.

Drawback of Seismometer Data are indirect and interpretation is difficult. It involve poor understanding of seismic coupling.

COASTAL TIDAL GAUGE Measure sea level near coastal area. Continuously monitors and confirms tsunami waves following

an earthquake. If tsunami occurred other than earthquake we depend solely on

data of tidal gauge.

• May not survive impact of tsunami.• Cannot provide data that are especially important to

operational hazard assessment directly.

DRAWBACKS OF COASTAL TIDAL GAUGE

DART BUOYS• Report to tsunami warning centre, when tsunami occur.• Information are processed to produce a new and more refined estimate of

tsunami source.• Result is an accurate forecast of tsunami.

WORKING OF DART BUOYS• DART BUOY consist of two main component:• Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)• Surface Buoy

• BPR consisting of a modem to transmit data to surface buoy.• Surface buoy transmit data to warning centre via satellite

communication.

MODES OF OPERATION• DART buoy has two modes of operation:

ModesStandard

Modes Event Modes

STANDARD MODE:• System generally operates in standard mode.• DART transmits data every six hours with recording period of

15 minutes.EVENT MODE:

• When tsunami wave occur standard mode trigger to event mode.

• Transmit data every 15 seconds at an average of 1 minute for three hours.

SERIES OF DART SYSTEM There are two series of DART buoy system:

DART I SYSTEM One way communication ability. Relied solely on software’s ability to detect a

tsunami and trigger to event mode. To avoid false alarm, a threshold value is set

such that tsunami with low amplitude could fail to trigger the station.

DART II SYSTEM It is a two way communication ability. Measure seal level change of less than a

millimeter in the deep ocean. Two way communication allows for trouble

shooting of the system. System can be switched to event mode by

concerned authority for research purpose.

NOAA(NATIONAL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION) Responsible for providing tsunami warning to the nation. DART(DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT & REPORTING OF TSUNAMI) Station that detects tsunami.

NOAA AND DART STATION

ADVANTAGES OF DART BUOYS Seismometer do not measure tsunami. Tidal gauge do not provide direct measurement of deep ocean tsunami energy propagating. DART overcomes drawback of both

ADVANTAGES OF TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM Deep water pressure produce low false reading. Multiple sensor can detect wave propagation. Good advance warning system.

DISADVANTAGES OF TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM Expensive equipments. High maintenance cost. Require multiple communication link:

SONAR. Satellite Uplink. Satellite Downlink. Notification to authorities. Authorities notifies coastal dwellers.

FUTURE SCOPE

In future Tsunami occurrence can be decided and alarm can be raised only after checking many criteria. Four criteria to be checked out are as follows:

Pressure inside the sea bed. Tide level. Biological changes in the marine living organisms. Sea shore level.If all these four criteria get detected then it can be concluded that

there is some occurrence of natural disaster (Tsunami). 

TSUNAMI WARNING CENTERS

Queries........?